References1. Santika, T. et al. Impact of palm oil sustainability certification on village well-being and poverty in Indonesia. Nat. Sustain. 4, 109–119 (2021).2. Gaveau, D. LA et al. Forest loss in Indonesian New Guinea: trends, drivers, and outlook. bioRxiv 2021.02.13.431006 (2021).3. Cisneros, E., Kis-Katos, K. & Nuryartono, N. Palm oil and the politics of deforestation in Indonesia. J. Environ. Econ. Manage. 108, 102453

(2021).4. Runtuboi, Y. Y., Permadi, D. B., Sahide, M. A. K. & Maryudi, A. Oil palm plantations, forest conservation and indigenous peoples in west papua

province: what lies ahead? For. Soc. 5, 23–31. 5. Ito, T., Rachman, N. F. & Savitri, L. A. Power to make land dispossession acceptable: A policy discourse analysis of the Merauke Integrated

Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE), Papua, Indonesia. J. Peasant Stud. 41, 29–50 (2014).6. Jaya, D. J., Hidayah, R., Akmal, D. U. & Yonathan, A. Categorization of Solutions for Indigenous People in Customary Land-use Conflicts in

Indonesia. 07, 1–16 (2021)7. Andrianto, A., Sedik, B. F., Waridjo, H., Komarudin, H. & Obidzinski, K. The impacts of oil palm plantations on forests and people in Papua: a

case study from Boven Digoel District. CIFOR Work. Pap. 24-pp (2014).8. Acosta, P. & Curt, M. D. Understanding the expansion of oil palm cultivation: A case-study in Papua. J. Clean. Prod. 219, 199–216 (2019).9. Andrianto, A., Komarudin, H. & Pacheco, P. Expansion of oil palm plantations in Indonesia’s frontier: Problems of Externalities and the Future

of Local and Indigenous Communities. Land 8, (2019).10. Pangau-adam, M., Slowik, J., Trei, J. & Waltert, M. Negative Effects of Logging on Bird Dispersed Plants in Northern Papuan Lowland Forest,

Indonesia. (2021) doi:10.1177/19400829211031171

Conclusion• relationship of human with environment has coexisted in Papua

ever since, the deforestation tips the balance between them• most of social issues lies on indigenous people rights, its conflict,

and cultural change• irresponsible practice on the environment leads to severe impacts,

including loss in biodiversity, health, and disaster• improve environmental stewardship of the indigenous people may

curb further deforestation, beside merely relies on government

Introduction• home to worlds third-largest rainforest, is

emerging as a new frontier to massive land conversion, primarily to palm-oil plantation

• not only contributes to major environmental impacts to Papua, but also damages the centuries-old relationship and livelihood of indigenous community with nature

• forests are an integral part of Papua’s indigenous people, who mostly live in rural area

• at this increasing rate, the delicate balance between human and nature are at risk.

1

4

3

5

7

4

8

4

10

9

6

5

2

NYC

336,877 ha

New York Citytimes three

nearly equivalent to

with

leads to

palm-oil plantation

3 out of 5

in the last 20 years(45% of forest loss)

Changing way of life

Social tension

Social welfare

Indigenous land disputes

Indigenous rights violationexclusion from negotiation & decision making

opression & racial discrimination

dietary changes from subsistence productlost their traditional values to modern life

losing rights to their ancestor landunfair land purchase (±8 USD/ha)

conflict over transmigration landunfair competition in the market

lack of human developmentunchanged access to better life

forest fires—highly e�ective for land clearingnot considering any socioeconomic impact

reduced native species & diversitydepleted food sources from forest

devastating future natural disastermore carbon emission to atmosphere

reduced water quality for drinkinghotter climate, leads to less water

deforestation linked to emerging diseasehumanitarian disaster is more likely to happen

Biodiversity loss

Climate change

Water access

Environmental health

Questionable sustainability practices

SO

C

I A L E N VIR

ON

ME

NT

AL+

Loggingactivities

Palm-oil rush

Foodestate

Roadexpansion

Politics &corruption

Key Drivers

• 1 million ha projects• a “gesture” to solve

food and energy crisis

• illegal logging hotspot• precious wood

(ironwood, agarwood)

• seeking for a new land!• emerging market• cheaper land to invest

• bribe for political funding• false advertisement under

the name of development

• Trans-Papua highway (span over 4000 km)

• urban expansion

AREAENLARGED

Nabire

Merauke

IND

ON

ESIA

PAPU

A N

EW G

UIN

EA

CENTRALHIGHLAND

Asia

New GuineaIndonesia

AustraliaSource: NASA (2019)

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148021/deforestation-in-papuaRecent Large-scale Deforestation in Papua

Briantama Asmara | Advisor: J. Schneider, D. McGraw | 2021

Social and Environmental Issue of Deforestation in Papua, Indonesia