social cognitionbeliefs and judgments

Schemas and scripts

• What we know and believe affects

• Perceptions

• Judgments

• Behavior

Remember these items

• dog cat horse carrot tiger lion antelope

• giraffe cow fox mouse wolf bear

• lettuce pea broccoli cabbage bean

• potato shark cauliflower artichoke

Self-fulfilling prophesies

• We sometimes get what we expect to get

• We may make this happen

• We can fight against this tendency

“Smart” and “dumb” ratsor students

0

1

2

3

45

6

7

8

910

smart dumb

Non-verbal communication

Useful especially when intentional

Meaning differs among people

some good at concealing, others not

Differs among cultures

Facial expressions

• Probably not universal

except at extremes

Do not reliably reveal emotion

unless intended

Cannot be used for lie detection

even with training

attribution theory

• Fritz Heider

• Edward Jones

• Harold Kelley

EXPLAINING

• EVENTS

• OTHERS’ BEHAVIOR

• OUR OWN BEHAVIOR

SHE SMILED AT HIM

WHY?

TWO BASIC CHOICES

• INTERNAL ATTRI BUTION

• EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTION

INTERNAL

• SHE WAS HAPPY

• SHE WAS FLIRTING

• SHE WAS FURIOUS BUT PRETENDING

• SHE WANTED SOMETHING

EXTERNAL

• HE SMILED AT HER

• HE WAS CUTE

• HE WAS A CUSTOMER AT MCDONALDS AND SHE HAD TO SMILE

• SOMETHING TICKLED HER

Discounting principle

• Is in a TV commercial soProbably doesn’t really love the product

• Is the defendant’s best friend so– Probably is not telling the truth

Augmenting principle

• Works for the competing company so Probably really does like the product

Is the defendant’s enemy so

Probably is telling the truth

KELLEY’S THREE FACTORS

• consistency

• distinctiveness

• consensus

FUNDAMENTAL ERROR

• OVERESTIMATE INTERNAL OF OTHERS

• OVERESTIMATE EXTERNAL OF SELVES

IGNORING BASE-RATE

• VIVID OR RECENT CASE

• PARTICULAR VS GENERAL

• BUT

• PREJUDICE BASED ON TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON GENERAL