Social DevelopmentTool for Institutional Analysis- Organizational mapping

Organizations = Structure & Function Organizations are groups of individuals

that are formally organized for a specific purpose.

Institutions = “Rules of the Game” Institutions are the formal and informal

rules of the game in a society.

Organizational mapping – What is it and what can it be used for?

Provides crucial insights into the reform context

Focuses on organizations that are stakeholders in the reform Organizational stakeholders can

comprise public sector, private sector, and civil society at different policy levels (national, regional, local level)

Reveals interests, formal and informal practices, linkages, and interrelations within and between organizational stakeholders that implement the policy reform

Locates constraints within the reform context that may prevent the implementation of the reform

Indicates opportunities to overcome these constraints

Organizational mapping – What is it and what can it be used for?

Organizational mapping -What are the premises?

Subset of the stakeholders identified through Stakeholder Analysis

Reform has effects on transmission channels

Employment Prices Access to goods and services Assets Transfers and taxes

Which are the organizations that are relevant to the reform?

Step 1: Map Structure and Function

Descriptive listing of organizational stakeholders and illustration of their inter-linkages

Creation of an organogram (static map) Data Source

Manuals from the relevant bureaucracies and organizations

Public information Data Collection Method

Secondary data review Content analysis

Organogram (‘Static Map’) - Example

PoliticalLeadership

PlanningFinance

LineDepartments

Unions

Losers Winners

Public

Media

PoliticalOpposition

Civil Society

Key GovernmentAgencies responsible

for reform

Step 2: Map Institutional Processes

Identify current practice and dynamics within and between organizations

Focus on processes by tracing key resource flows

Funds Decision-making Information

Identify constraints and opportunities for change

Data Source Interview data

Data Collection Method In-depth interviews with key informants (open-ended or semi-

structured interviews) Focus groups

CentralGovernment

StateGovernment

LocalGovernment

Public

Process mapping: flows

Money Decisions

Information

CentralGovernment

StateGovernment

LocalGovernment

Public

?

Types of constraints to consider

Constraints can emerge as blockages within the process or as flaws in the logic of the process:

1. Processes within an organization 2. Relationships b/w organizations 3. System-wide issues

Types of constraints/ Resource flows

Flow of funds Flow of decision-making Flow of information Process within an organization

Relationship b/w organizations

System-wide issues

Organizational Mapping-Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages identifies institutional problems that may not be

immediately obvious generates in-depth information on performance

at various levels of an organization, and reflects the perspectives of organizations in the

front line of delivering the policy. Disadvantages

can be resource intensive to do well (on site interviews in different agencies are needed)

results depend on the representativeness of the stakeholders consulted.

Constraints and opportunities for change

Process within an organization Relationships between organizations System-wide issues

To implement a reform, one must change both formal rules and informal practices.

Guidance for group work Which organizational stakeholders (public,

private, civil society) are key to the reform?

What are the institutional and/or organizational constraints to the implementation of the reform?

What actions or institutional changes would you propose to overcome these constraints?