social development. what is social development? involves the ways in which infants and children...
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Social DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentSocial DevelopmentSocial Development
What is Social development?
•Involves the ways in which infants and children relate to each other.
Social DevelopmentIncludes• Attachment• Parenting• Self-esteem
Attachment• Emotional ties that form between
people.• Essential to survival especially
infants
Stranger Anxiety• A fear of
strangers• About 8 months
Separation Anxiety• Causes infants
to cry or behave in ways of distress if their mother or primary caregiver leaves them.
Contact Comfort• Remember Harry Harlow?• The instinctual need to touch and
be touched by something soft. • Harlow concluded the need for
contact is stronger than the need for food.
• Gives a sense of security
Imprinting• The process by which some animals
form immediate attachments during a critical period.
• Konrad Lorenz acquired a family of goslings because he was present at birth and he was the first moving object they saw.
Secure Attachment• Primary caregivers are
affectionate, reliable• Children are happier, friendlier and
get along better with others• Less likely to misbehave
Insecure attachment• Caregivers are unresponsive and
unreliable• Children are less cooperative• Little or no effort to make contact
with caregivers
Vs.
Styles of Parenting
Strict
Warm
Permissive
ColdMost Paren
ts
Demanding
Possessive
Controlling
Dictatorial
Supportive
protective
affectionate
flexible
caring
Neglecting
indifferent
careless
detached
Lenient
democratic
inconsistent
overindulgent
Authoritative• Means with authority• Warm with positive kinds of
strictness• Children usually are more
independent, and higher self esteem
Authoritarian• Favoring unquestionable
obedience• Parents often are rejecting and
cold• Children may be less friendly, and
do not do as well in school.
Self Esteem• Value or worth people place on
themselves• Protects people from stress and
struggles with life• Authoritative parents• Secure attachment
Unconditional Positive Regard
• Parents love and accept children for who they are-no matter how they behave
• High self esteem
Conditional Positive Regard
• Parents show their love only when children behave in certain acceptable ways
• Low self esteem• Continue to seek approval from
others.
Gender & Self-esteem• Ages 5-7, children value
themselves based on physical appearance and performance in school
• Self-fulfilling prophecy-live up to the expectation
Age and Self-esteem• Declines during elementary school• Lowest at 12-13• How they see themselves is not
how others may see them• Compare themselves to their
peers