social dumping in „new europe”? limits in west-east transfer of welfare models after ee
DESCRIPTION
SOCIAL DUMPING IN „NEW EUROPE”? LIMITS IN WEST-EAST TRANSFER OF WELFARE MODELS AFTER EE. by Pal TAMAS HAS, Budapest. STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER. Ideal-type visions of Social Europe Institutional frames of social policy integration in Europe Motives for welfare state reforms - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SOCIAL DUMPING IN „NEW EUROPE”?
LIMITS IN WEST-EAST TRANSFER OF WELFARE MODELS AFTER EE
byPal TAMAS
HAS, Budapest
STRUCTURE OF THE PAPER
a. Ideal-type visions of Social Europeb. Institutional frames of social policy
integration in Europec. Motives for welfare state reformsd. Capability deprivation as policy targete. Reform frontlinesf. CEC dilemmas: hard-soft law
enforcement + opposition through the backdoor
IDEAL-TYPE VISIONS OF SOCIAL EUROPE
A. EURO-CORPORATIST IMAGES a. enlarged traditional welfare state
philosophies b. uniform social standards c. „social dialogue” of labour + capital
[social contract] UNIONs, NGOsB. DECENTRALIZED CONCERTATION
APPROACH a. coordinating national-level activity b. cross-country sensitivities CENTRAL EUROPEAN
ELITES
FRAMES FOR INTEGRATION: MOBILITIES- RIGIDITIES
EU MEMBERSHIP NOW MORE BONUS FOR DEMOCRACY, THEN CREATION OF A UNIFIED ECONOMIC SPACE:
Employed labour mobility YESSocial assistance mobility NOService provider”s mobility LIMITEDAgricultural benefits- mainly NATION-
BOUNDED
SOCIAL POLICY INTEGRATION [SE- Social
Europe]Until the late 90iesINTERNAL MARKET+MONETARY UNION
highly visible SE- hardly visibleLisbon Summit- March 2000 more active
social policyCEC EU images of the elites: basically pre-Lisbon
vision
MOTIVES FOR WELFARE STATE REFORMS
a.approach: external competition pressure forces
governments to welfare state reformsb.approach: domestic structural- population,
deindustrialization, fiscal crises, weakening the family as safety net
CEC reform histories:early 90ies- externallate 90ies –external + internalearly 2000s- more internal
THEORETICAL PUZZLE
Social policy integration – inclusion policies are better integrated, as others
1992- directive on Sufficient Measures in Social Assistance Systems
2001- OMC on social inclusion. Central element: ACTIVATION [re-integration into the labour market]
Asymmetry in favour of negative integration [dismantling barriers] against positive integration [building new regulatory framework]
THE RIGHT QUESTION
CENTRAL ISSUENot whether a particular arrangement is
better for all than no cooperation at all, but whether the particular divisions to emerge are fair divisions given the alternative arrangements that are made.
J.F.Nash: The Bargaining Problem. Econometrica, 18 [1950]
THE RIGHT QUESTION:Are the empowered actors getting a fair
share of the benefits of economic interrelations?
CAPABILITY DEPRIVATION
POVERTY = CAPABILITY DEPRIVATION [CD] –A.SEN
[lack of capability to live a minimally decent life]
Or [Adam Smith…]: not „being able to appear in public without shame”
Social exclusion = a. part of CD b. a cause of different capability failures
[relational failure]
FAIRNESS IN THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL SPACE
VISIONS OF SOCIAL JUSTICEa. Grand universalism [classical
utilitarism]b. National particularismsc. Plural affiliation [A.Sen] processing of multiply
identities
CAPITAL FLOW- SOCIAL EXPENDITURE
GLOBAL IMPACTSOpen-and-smaller welfare state [liberal]Open-and-therefore-big welfare state [left]
Net capital outflow –growth of social expenditure NO EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
GROWING WELFARE STATES ARE DOMESTIC REGIME MOTIVATED
REFORMS: MAJOR- MINOR FRONTLINES
OMC ACTIVATION POLICIES, as social policy co-ordination:
-fiscally marginal-not a major concern for the average
voterREAL CONCERN:SOCIAL EXCLUSION in different
national welfare capitalisms. BUT this is regime specific, internal reforms
WELFARE CONVERGENCE
90ies:Progressive dismantling of ideal-types of
welfare state [ESPING-ANDERSEN typology]
Focus on SOCIAL SECURITY EXPENDITURE, rather on the QUALITY OF SOCIAL POLICY
Monetary union leads to less reform of the labour market fdistribution of the costs to the others]
THE „HARD” AND „SOFT” LAW DILEMMA
OMC [European Employment Strategy] –informal sanctions, soft law
Community Method- hard lawInstitutional debate: relative capacities
of different modes to handle specific tasks
Governance modes –policy options??CEC- culturally hard law oriented [here
the soft law is too informal]
CEC OPPOSITION THROUGH THE BACKDOOR?
Basic: effects of Europeanization on domestic systems of governance
Degree of misfit between European rules and existing institutional +regulatory traditions is high
Non-compliance with EU directives in the new and old member states
?? Related/unrelated to opposition and/or due to administrative shortcomings
CEC policy philosophies: tactics in interest representation of the week and latecomer