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Social Effects of the Deepwater
Horizon Oil Spill on Coastal Communities Along the U.S. Gulf of
Mexico
Diane E. Austin, University of Arizona Jessica R. Z. Simms, Louisiana State University
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM)
Information Transfer Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana
August 24, 2017
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Presentation Outline
• Deepwater Horizon Disaster
• Research Phase I – 2010-2012 – Methods
– Study communities
– Key Findings
• Research Phase II – 2013-2015 – Key Changes between phases
– Key Findings
• Looking Ahead…
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Deepwater Horizon Disaster
• Explosion on April 20, 2010 – 11 killed, 17 seriously injured; Survivors face testimony, stress-related effects
• Spill capped August 4, 2010– est. 4.9 million barrels
Photo:
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Deepwater Horizon Disaster – An Ongoing Series of Events
• Explosion
• Spill Capped
• Investigation
• Regulatory Changes
• Reparations
Source: Austin et al 2014
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Offshore Oil and the Deepwater
Horizon: Social Effects on Gulf
Coast Communities
Purpose of study: Document the range of
immediate effects of the Macondo Well
blowout and aftermath
Data collection: 2010-2012
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Ethnography: Scientific research approach that embeds researchers in communities under study
Methods include: – Observation – Participant observation – Semi-structured interviews
Used to: – Identify patterns – Describe relationships and social networks – Reveal understandings and meanings people ascribe to
places and events
Places phenomena in historical, social, economic, and political context
Research Approach
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Study Communities
Louisiana
Dulac
Larose
Port Sulphur/ Buras/Venice
Mississippi
Biloxi
Alabama
Bayou La Batre
Source: Ben McMahan (Rogers, Marks, and Austin 2014) 7
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Key Findings
The Disaster Caused Serious and Widespread Sociocultural Harm
• Livelihoods
• Social and economic inequities
• Identity
• Divisiveness
• Local governments and NGOs
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Social Impacts of the Deepwater
Horizon Oil Spill on Coastal
Communities along the U.S. Gulf of
Mexico
Purpose of study: Document the array of
mid-range effects of the Macondo Well
blowout and aftermath
Data Collection: 2013-2015
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Key Challenges
• Complex and uneven BP legal processes
• Struggling commercial fishing industry
• Uneven recovery from the economic recession
• Oil price crash beginning in 2014
• Northward migration of residents
(Primarily in Louisiana)
• Hurricane Isaac (2012)
• Subsidence and coastal land loss
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Key Findings
Social Effects of the Disaster Persist • Layered uncertainties
– Ongoing physical, environmental, and health effects
– Ongoing release of research findings
– Funding from legal action and how it will be used
– Economic outlook
• Multifaceted, community-specific effects – State, community, and position in that community
mattered
– Precludes simple conclusions, complicating groups’ attempts to be heard
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Looking Ahead
Social effects of the disaster extend beyond 2015
• Legal proceedings ongoing
• Restoration not defined or complete
• Uncertainties and anxieties remain
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Study Reports Austin, D., B. Marks, K. McClain T. McGuire, B. McMahan, V. Phaneuf,
P. Prakash, B. Rogers, C. Ware, and J. Whalen. 2014. Offshore Oil
and the Deepwater Horizon: Social Effects on Gulf Coast
Communities. Volume I: Methodology, Timeline, Context, and
Communities. OCS Study. BOEM 2014-617. U.S. Department of the
Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS
Region.
Austin, D., S. Dosemagen, B. Marks, T. McGuire, P. Prakash, and B.
Rogers. 2014. Offshore Oil and the Deepwater Horizon: Social
Effects on Gulf Coast Communities. Volume II: Key Economic
Sectors, NGOs, and Ethnic Groups. OCS Study. BOEM 2014-618.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region.
Forthcoming: Austin, D., V. Phaneuf, J. Simms, J. Luchetta. Social
Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Coastal Communities
along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. OCS Study. BOEM U.S. Department
of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region.
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Thank you to the Study Authors
D. Austin
B. Marks
S. Dosenmagen
B. Garfield
J. Luchetta
K. McClain
T. McGuire
B. McMahan
V. Phaneuf
P. Prakash
B. Rogers
J. Simms
C. Ware
J. Whalen
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And the many study participants and
community research partners
And, of course, …. BOEM