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Housing Policy for lowHousing Policy for low--income people income people in the Republic of Koreain the Republic of Korea



Land & Housing Institute

ContentsContents

토지주택연구원

ContentsContents

1. Housing affordability2. Evolution of Housing Policy3. Housing Policy Scheme for Low-income People4. LH as a Housing Policy Deliver

1. Housing affordability2. Evolution of Housing Policy3. Housing Policy Scheme for Low-income People4. LH as a Housing Policy Deliver

Ⅰ. Housing AffordabilityⅠ. Housing Affordability

1.�Housing�Market

2.�Housing�Prices�







Housing�Policy�for�Low-income�People�in�the�Republic�of�Korea

1.�1.�Housing�MarketHousing�Market

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2013 2014

Number of housing units (‘000) ≡ A 4,360 5,319 7,357 11,472 14,677 15,628 15,989

Number of households (‘000) ≡ B 5,576 7,470 10,167 11,928 12,995 13,395 13,395

Housing supply ratio (%) ≡ (A/B) × 100 78.2 71.2 72.4 96.2 112.9 116.7 118.1

vv Housing Housing Stock, Number of Stock, Number of Households Households and Housing Supply Ratio and Housing Supply Ratio

vv New New Housing Housing Construction(1982Construction(1982––2014)2014)

4Land and Housing Institute


1.�1.�Housing�MarketHousing�Market

1980 1990 2000 2010

Average number of rooms per household 2.2 2.5 3.4 3.7

Average floor area per person (square meters) 10.1 14.3 20.2 25

Average floor area per household (square meters) 45.8 51 63.1 67.4

Dwellings per 1,000 inhabitants 142 170 249 364

Share of dwellings with piped water (%) 56.1 74 85 97.9

Share of dwellings with modern toilets (%) 18.4 51.3 86.9 97

Share of dwellings with bathroom (%) 22.1 44.1 89.1 98.4

Share of dwellings with hot water (%) 9.9 34.1 87.4 96.9

vv Selected Housing Quality Indicators, 1980Selected Housing Quality Indicators, 1980––2010 2010


Share of dwellings with hot water (%) 9.9 34.1 87.4 96.9

Korea Japan US UK France

Dwellings per 1,000 inhabitants 364 (2010) 451 (2008) 421 (2010) 441 (2010) 532 (2010)

Floor space per person (square meters) 25.0 (2010) 37.3 (2008) 74.3 (2010) 44.0 (2002) 39.9 (2006)

Owner-occupancy rate (%) 54.2 (2010) 61.1 (2008) 65.1 (2013) 64.6 (2013) 64.3 (2013)

Public rental housing as a share of total stock (%) 5.0 (2012) 6.1 (2008) 0.9 (2012) 17.5 (2010) 19.0 (2007)

GDP per capita ($)23,838 (2013)

39,321 (2013)

52,839 (2013)

39,049 (2013)

42,991 (2013

vv International Comparison of Selected Housing Indicators International Comparison of Selected Housing Indicators


2.�Housing�Prices�2.�Housing�Prices�

vv Housing Price Housing Price IndexesIndexes and Consumer Price Index, 1986and Consumer Price Index, 1986––2015 2015


vv Housing Price Housing Price IndexesIndexes By Housing types, By Housing types, 19861986––2015 2015



vv Housing Housing Price Price IndexesIndexes of Major Countries Since 1990of Major Countries Since 1990




vv Key Key Housing Affordability Indicators Housing Affordability Indicators

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Price–income ratio 4.2 4.3 4.3 5.1 4.7

Rent–income ratio 18.7 17.5 19.2 19.8 20.3

House affordability index 66.1 73.1 75.3 70.7 63.8 66.9 59.9 53.8 54.3

vv House House Price to Income Price to Income Ratio Ratio


IMF, Global Housing Watch



vv RIR / PIR of Low Income PeopleRIR / PIR of Low Income People


II. Evolution of Housing PolicyII. Evolution of Housing Policy

1.�History�of�Housing�Policy

2.�Housing�Supply�Programs








1.�1.�History�of�Housing�Policy�History�of�Housing�Policy�

vBackground�:�Housing�Shortage

vPurpose�:�Housing�Supply

vLegal�system�:�Architectural�Law(1962)�Korean�National�Housing�Corporation�

Law�(1962),�Public�housing�Law(1963),�Korean�Housing�Bank�Law(1969)�etc

1960s


Seoul,�1960s Mapo apartment,�1963


vBackground�:�Housing�Shortage�and�Housing�Price�Increase

vPurpose�:�Promoting�of�Housing�Supply

vLegal�system�:�Housing�Construction�Promotion�Act(1972),�Korea�Land�Corporation

Law�(1979),�Urban�Redevelopment�Law(1976)�etc.

1970s



Seoul,�1970s Gangnam New�CBD�Development,�1970s


vBackground�:�Housing�Shortage�under�Industrialization

vPurpose�:�Promoting�of�Housing�Supply�by�private�sector

vLegal�system�:�Housing�Construction�Plan(1988~),Public�Housing�Construction�

Promotion�Law(1984)�etc.

1980s



Redevelopment�Areas,�1980s Apartment�Areas,�1980s


vBackground�:�Increase�of�Housing�Price

vPurpose�:�Increase�of�Housing�Supply

vLegal�system�:�Public�Housing�Law(1993),�New�Town�Projects�(1989-1992)�etc.

1990s



New�Town,�1990s 1st Permanent�Public�Rental�Housing,�1990s


vBackground�:�Unstable�Housing�Market

vPurpose�:�Housing�Welfare

vLegal�system�:�Pubic�Housing(kookmin)�Construction�Law(2004)�etc.

2000s



Public�Housing(Kookmin),�2000s Public�Housing�by�Buy�to�Rent�,�2000s


vBackground�:�Economy�Depression,�Socio-economy�change

vPurpose�:�Housing�Safety�Net

vLegal�system�:�Public�Housing�Act(2012),�Private�Rental�Housing�Act(2015)�etc.

2010s



Happiness�Housings New�Stay�(Private�Rental�Housing)


1960 1970 1990 2000 2008 2013

Absence of policy

Short-term(one or three years)

PRHin 1971

1980

Promotion PlanFor PRHin 1982

PRH Construction Promotion Act

(1984)

Emphasizing Private

Initiatives

Bogeumjari 1.5 Million Project (2009~2018)

National PRH(Kuk-min)1 Million Projects

(2003~2012)

PRH Act(1993)

2017

22.�Housing�Supply�Programs.�Housing�Supply�Programs


PRH Construction Promotion Act

(1984)

Five-years Rent

Permenent Rent (Young-gu)

Five-years or Fifth-years Rent

30 years Rent (after 1998), Kok-min

Various type of PRH

Bogeumjari 1.5 Million Project (2009~2018)

PRH Act(1993)

Happy House Project

(2013~2017)

ü The first Korean Social Housing typeHaeng-bokUniversity students, Newlyweds,First-time employees, etc.


22.�Housing�Supply�Programs.�Housing�Supply�Programs


III. Housing Policy Scheme for Low Income people

III. Housing Policy Scheme for Low Income people

1.�Public�Rental�Housing

2.�Income�Related�Assistance�

3.�Subsidy�for�Service�Provider











1.�Public�Housing1.�Public�Housing

Government Subsidy

Government Subsidy

Loan supported by HUF(Housing and Urban Fund) Loan supported by HUF

(Housing and Urban Fund)

Below-market rentBelow-market rentRent regulation

+

Low-income householdsLow-income householdsEligibility rule

Finance

vv Definition of Public HousingDefinition of Public Housing


Income Decile

Characteristics Assistance

1 (bottom) Unable to pay market rentsSmall public rental unitsHousing benefit

2–4 Unable to purchase homesSmall or medium-sized public rental unitsConcessional loans for chonsei deposits

5–6Able to purchase homes with some assistance

Small or medium-sized houses at subsidized pricesConcessional mortgage loans

7 and above

Able to purchase homes with own means Tax benefits

Low-income households

vv Target Group by IncomeTarget Group by Income


vv Legal FrameworkLegal Framework


Rental Housing Act

Public Rental Housing ActPublic Rental Housing Act

Private Rental Housing ActPrivate Rental Housing Act

(established by August 2015 and took effect December 29, 2015)

Private

Public

PRH Construction Special Act

(established in 1993)

(established by August 2015 and took effect December 29, 2015)


PRH Construction Special Act

Act on the Support for Improving the Quality of Livesin Long-term Public Rental Housing Tenant

Act on the Support for Improving the Quality of Livesin Long-term Public Rental Housing Tenant

The Housing Vulnerables Act for the Elderly and the DisabledThe Housing Vulnerables Act

for the Elderly and the Disabled

Housing Benefit ActHousing Benefit Act (2014)

(2012)

(2009)Housing ActHousing Act

Framework Act onHousing SecurityFramework Act onHousing Security

Housing and Urban Fund ActHousing and

Urban Fund Act


Newly constructed housingNewly constructed housing

Public Rental Housing

Public Rental Housing

Public HousingPublic Housing

Utilizing Existing multi-family housing into public rental housing

Utilizing Existing multi-family housing into public rental housing

Newly built Public Rental housing

Buy to Lease

Rent to Lease

vv Types of Public HousingTypes of Public Housing



Quasi-public rental (Dormitories, tiny studio with shared bathroom and officetel)

Quasi-public rental (Dormitories, tiny studio with shared bathroom and officetel)

Public Sale Housing

Public Sale Housing

Existing housing lease and Re-let Existing housing lease and Re-let

Rent to Lease

National Housing Standard Size: 85 ㎡


Permanent PRHYoung-Gu

Permanent PRHYoung-Gu

National PRHKook-Min

National PRHKook-Min

Happy HouseHang-Bok

Happy HouseHang-Bok

l public rental for 50 yearsl target group: extremely very low-income group

l public rental for 30 yearsl target group: low-income group

l public rental for 30 yearsl target group: university students, First-time employees,

newlyweds, etc.

Newly built

1.�1.�Public�HousingPublic�Housing

vv Types of PRH Types of PRH


Lease-to-sale typePublic Rental

Lease-to-sale typePublic Rental

Existing Multi-familyHouse Public RentalExisting Multi-familyHouse Public Rental

Happy HouseHang-Bok

Happy HouseHang-Bok

Existing HousingJeonsei Rental

Existing HousingJeonsei Rental

l public rental for 30 yearsl target group: university students, First-time employees,

newlyweds, etc.

l public rental for at least 20 yearsl target group: extremely very low-income group,

socially disadvantaged groups, etc.

l public rental for 5 or 10 years, and then sell offl target group: middle and low-income group

Buy to Lease

Rent to Lease



l Total PRH Stock : 1,708,715 units, 8.8 percent of the total housing stock (2014)

(Unit:: 10,000)

vv Stocks of PRH Stocks of PRH


Long-term social housing : 1,069,281 (5.5%)

Total : 1,708,715


2.�Income�Related�Assistance2.�Income�Related�Assistance

Average monthly household income of urban workers

50% 70% 80% 100%

Permanent PRH, Buy to Rent, Lease to Rent

vv Eligibility Rules according to IncomeEligibility Rules according to Income


Permanent PRH, Buy to Rent, Lease to Rent

National PRH

Happy House


Private

RentalDecile 5

………Decile 10

Decile 6

Target group

Below 50~80%

Below 60~80%

Below 80~90% Market Rent

2.�Income�Related�Assistance2.�Income�Related�Assistance

vv PRH by Income GroupPRH by Income Group

Rent level


Perma-nentPRH

Buy to Lease

Rent to Lease

NationalPRH

5-yearRental

10-yearRental

Etc.,

Housing Size below 40㎡ below 60㎡ 30㎡~60㎡ below 45㎡ below85㎡

Private

Rental

HappyHouse

MinimumHousingStandard

Decile 1

Decile 2

Decile 3

Decile 4

30% of market rent

Below 50%

Below 50~80%

Below 60~80%


33.�Subsidy�for�Service�Provider.�Subsidy�for�Service�Provider

vv Financing Structure of PRH, 2015Financing Structure of PRH, 2015



33.�Subsidy�for�Service�Provider.�Subsidy�for�Service�Provider

vv Loan Support by HUF (Housing and Urban Fund), 2015Loan Support by HUF (Housing and Urban Fund), 2015


IV. LH as a Housing Policy Deliver

IV. LH as a Housing Policy Deliver

1.�Public�Housing�

2.�Housing�Support�Service

3.�Housing�Benefit

4.�Housing�Welfare�Delivery















vv Provider of Provider of Public Public HousingHousing


[Figure ] The Contribution of each housing providers


422,238 Kookmin Public RentalNewly Built

In 2015

633,403units


vv Provider of Provider of Public Public HousingHousing


L H144,038

99,860

34,686

121,548

20,254

Yong-Gu Public Rental

Purchased-Lease Rental

10-year Public Rental

Lease and Re-let Rental

Others

Buy toLease

Rent to Lease

Own and management: 854,811 units

(Ownership: 733,263 units)

49 Happiness Public Rental50-year Public Rental

12,138

633,403units




Permanent PRH Site (1991)

Deungchon 9 in Seoul (1991)


2.�Housing�Support�Service2.�Housing�Support�Service

§ Emphasize “Residents” as consumers in Housing Welfare

- Hardware - Physical environment- Provider

- Software - Socio-economic environment- Consumer


A Need for Comprehensive Housing Welfare Program

(Image Source : Seoul Welfare Foundation)(Image Source :LH)




Seoul Su-seo site (constructed by 1991, Remodeling in 2009)


Ø constructed by LHØ various services provided by local gov.Ø managed by non-profit institutions



Seoul Su-seo site (constructed by 1991, Remodeling in 2009)




Community space

Thank you for your concernThank you for your concernThank you for your concernThank you for your concern

social housing in korea ppt - un-habitatunhabitat.org.ir/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/social... ·...

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