social interaction september 30th, 2009 : lecture 6
TRANSCRIPT
Social InteractionSocial InteractionSeptember 30th, 2009 : Lecture 6
¡¡New Room for Q&A Review!!
¡¡New Room for Q&A Review!!
✤ BV 363
✤ Can hold 75 students
✤ TAs will have example questions to go over if no one has questions
Lecture 6 OverviewLecture 6 Overview
✤ What are social interactions?
✤ What are social interactions like?
✤ How do social interactions go well?
What are social interactions like?What are social interactions like?
✤ Definition
✤ Modes of Social Interaction
✤ Theoretical Models of Social Interactions
Social InteractionSocial Interaction
➡ Back-and-forth exchange of verbal or nonverbal behaviour between 2 or more people
✤ Average time span:
✤ Non-conflict interactions: 10 minutes
✤ Conflict interactions: 3 minutes
Modes of Social InteractionModes of Social Interaction
✤ Methods of communication:
✤ In person
✤ Over the phone
✤ Online
Models of Social InteractionModels of Social Interaction
✤ Field Theory
✤ Doctrine of Interactionism
✤ Doctrine of Reciprocal Determinism
✤ General Social Interaction Cycle
Field TheoryField Theory
B = B = ff(P, E)(P, E)✤Where,
✤ B = Behaviour
✤ P = Factors internal to the Person
✤ E = Factors in the external Environment
Chasing the function …Chasing the function …
B = B = ff(P + E)(P + E)✤Snow (1959, 1963)
✤ Person and Situation are independent factors
BB
PP
EE
B=f(P)B=f(P)
B=f(E)B=f(E)
Chasing the function …Doctrine of InteractionismChasing the function …Doctrine of Interactionism
B = B = ff(P x E)(P x E)✤Bowers (1973)
✤ The Person and the Situation interact
BB
PP
EE
“Clever Hans”“Clever Hans”
✤ Classic effect of person on the environment (Pfungst, 1911)
✤ Horse that could add
✤ No intentional cues given to Hans
✤ … but cues nonetheless
Chasing the function …Reciprocal DeterminismChasing the function …Reciprocal Determinism
B = B = gg((ff(B x E) x (B x E) x ff(P x B)) (P x B)) ✤Bandura (1977, 1978)
✤ Triadic Reciprocity - All components affect each other
BB
PP
EE
P . P . E . E .
Where’s the Social Interaction?Where’s the Social Interaction?
BB
PP
EE
PP
EE
General Social Interaction CycleGeneral Social Interaction Cycle
✤ Cantor & Kihlstrom (1987) from Darley & Fazio (1980)
FormsImpressio
n
FormsImpressio
nActsActs
EntersSituationEnters
Situation ActorActor
InterpretsResponseInterpretsResponse
InterpretsAction
InterpretsAction
Forms Impression
Forms Impression
EntersSituationEnters
Situation
RespondsResponds
TargetTarget
General Social Interaction General Social Interaction CycleCycle
✤ Describes Dyadic Social Interaction
✤ Can be generalized
✤ Assigned roles
✤ Actor: Initiates interaction
✤ Target: Object of Actor’s Action
✤ Roles are arbitrary
✤ Interaction Goal
✤ Mundane or monumental
Impression FormationImpression Formation
A B C D
General Social Interaction CycleGeneral Social Interaction Cycle
✤ Cantor & Kihlstrom (1987) from Darley & Fazio (1980)
FormsImpressio
n
FormsImpressio
nActsActs
EntersSituationEnters
Situation ActorActor
InterpretsResponseInterpretsResponse
InterpretsAction
InterpretsAction
Forms Impression
Forms Impression
EntersSituationEnters
Situation
RespondsResponds
TargetTarget
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Method:
✤ 108 participants scheduled in groups of 3 strangers
✤ 2 phases:
✤ Phase 1: Person 1 and Person 2 interact
✤ Phase 2: Person 2 and Person 3 interaction
P1P2
P3
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” ✤ (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 1:
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 1 Results: P1’s Level of Noise Gun Intensity
% a
t M
ax
Inte
nsi
ty
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 1 Results: P2’s Level of Noise Gun Intensity
Nois
e I
nte
nsi
ty
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 1 Results: P1’s Perceptions of P2
Rati
ng
s of
Host
ilit
y
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 2:
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 2 Results: P2’s Level of Noise Gun Intensity
Nois
e I
nte
nsi
ty
Cyclical Social InteractionCyclical Social Interaction
✤ “Noise Gun Experiment” (Snyder & Swann, 1978)
✤ Phase 2 Results: P3’s Perceptions of P2
Rati
ng
s of
Host
ilit
y
What are Social Interactions Like?What are Social Interactions Like?
✤ Metaperceptions
✤ Schemas
✤ Expectancy Confirmation
MetaperceptionsMetaperceptions
✤ Transparency Overestimation (Vorauer, 2001)
➡ Tendency to overestimate the extent to which one’s true self has been revealed in social interactions
✤ Spotlight Effect
➡ Tendency to assume your behaviours are more salient to others than they actually are
Expectancy ConfirmationExpectancy Confirmation
✤ What you expect is what you look for
✤ Confirmatory hypothesis testing
Expectancy ConfirmationExpectancy Confirmation
✤ Snyder & Swann (1978), JPSP
✤ Method: 58 participants for a study on “how people come to understand one another”
Expectancy ConfirmationExpectancy Confirmation
✤ Snyder & Swann (1978), JPSP
✤ Results:
#of
Qu
est
ion
s A
sked
How do social interactions go well?How do social interactions go well?
✤ Mimicry
✤ Self-regulation
Mimicry
➡ Mirroring an interaction partner’s behaviours
✤ Occurs automatically
✤ Influences liking
Self Regulation
✤ People who are good at self-regulation are:
✤ More liked by their peers
✤ Perceived by self and others as more sensitive and helpful
✤ More reciprocal friendship nominations
“If [humans] define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”-W. I. Thomas
✤ Next Lecture (10/2):
✤ Attitudes and Persuasion
✤ Discuss Midterm 1
✤ Discuss Extra Credit Assignment
✤ Battle of the Blades Premiere is October 4th!
✤ http://www.cbc.ca/battle