social justice: who has the right to a drink of water?
TRANSCRIPT
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Social JusticeWho has the Right to a Drink of Water?
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It’s A Question of Human Rights
• And It’s In Debate • It Involves Choices, Money and
Political Power • Health and Personal Opportunity.• Wealth and Poverty
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Take A Look At Some Scenes From Around
the World
Perspective
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These are all people merely doing what they have to do to get a drink of water. A lot more than turning a tap.
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On Their Own • These People Are A Long Way From St.
Edward’s University
• They Might Have A Human Right to Water. • But They Are Largely On Their Own.• We’re Talking About Billions of People
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Global Water
Around the world, the statistics
are horrendous.
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Those Without Water
• At least 1 billion people do not know where their next drink of water is coming from.
• Nearly one-seventh of the people on earth.
• Most live in developing countries. They are poor.
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No Toilets
More than twice as many people, a staggering 2.6 billion, do not have toilets. Not good toilets; Not flush toilets; No toilets.
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Children Suffer Most • Children under
5 become quickly become dehydrated.
• Often, before their parents realize how sick they are, they are dead.
• Each year 1.8 million people die as a result of diarrhea and other water-borne diseases. Nearly 5,000 deaths a day, mostly children.
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It’s Even Worse
• People who have been working on water problems all their lives say that the real number of people without routine access to clean drinking water may be as high as 3 or 4 billion.
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How The Counters Count
• That’s because the United Nations standard is that only those without water piped into their houses or their villages are counted as not having access.
• The problem, the experts say, is that much of the piped water around the world is swarming with bacteria and parasites.
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The Problem
• Historically When Governments Have Spent Money on Public Projects It Often Has Been for Things Like Roads and Bridges and Hospitals;
• Things that are good for ribbon-cutting ceremonies, photo opportunities.
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Not A Priority
• Water Has Not Been A Priority
• It Can Seem Mundane. The Wealthy Just Buy What They Need. So It’s No Problem For Them.
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But It Should Be
• Water Is A Big Factor In Life• In Some Places Women Use Up A Lot of Time
Walking For Water• People Are Routinely Sick Because of Their
Water • Adults Miss Work; Children Miss School
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Water And Poverty
• Water Problems and Poverty Go Together. Both Often Largely Invisible.
• No One Actually Goes Without It. You Don’t See Bodies Piling Up. Rarely A Commotion.
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ANOTHER Way To Say Poverty
• The Water Problem Often Looks More Like Chronic Poverty than What It Really Is: A Water Problem
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Pushing For Human Rights
• About 10 Years Ago A Few People Around The World Got An Idea.
• If They Could Establish That Clean Drinking Water and Simple Toilets Were Fundamental Human Rights, Maybe They Could Create Pressure on Governments to Seriously Address The Problem.
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The Status Quo
• For A Long Time, You Could Ask Almost Anyone About Human Rights And Water And They’d Say, Of Course It’s A Human Right
• But That Was An Assumption, Nothing Binding• The Idea, Starting 10 years or So Ago, Was To
Add The Force Of Law To The Assumption
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Lots Of Debate
• Certain Countries, Including the United States and Canada, Did Not Want Formal Recognition.
• The United States worried that it would have to pay to help other countries solve their water problems. It wouldn’t be a matter of choice. It would be mandatory.
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O Canada
• Canada, Which Has More Good, Clean Fresh Water Than Almost Any Other Place, Worried That With The Creation of a New International Law, Canada Would Have to Share Its Water.
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Along Came This Woman
• Catarina De Albuquerque,
• Portuguese Lawyer
• United Nations specialist on Human Rights and Water, the Independent Expert
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She Wanted Action
• I Talked with Her in Sweden in September During An Annual Meeting Of Water Experts Called World Water Week
• She Told Me: “We Have to Stop Talking About it – Talking About Whether the Right Exists or Not.
• “The Right Exists. • “Put Your Energy into Making it
Real.”
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Some Big Developments
• Just This Year Some Good Things Have Happened. And Catarina De Albuquerque Had a Lot to Do With it.
• In July the General Assembly of the United Nations, for the first time, adopted a resolution Saying that Access to Clean Drinking Water Was A Human Right.
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More Big Developments • In September, Just a Few Weeks Ago, the
Human Rights Council of the United Nations In Geneva, Concluded That Access to Water Was A Human Right Under Existing United Nations Provisions.
• The Council Said No New Law Was Needed – Just the Opposite of The Trend That Began 10 Years Ago.
• The Council Is Not As Important As the General Assembly. But It Is Still Important.
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Impact
• It Looked Like She Was Having An Impact
• But Maybe Not
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The Voting
• The Vote In July Showed A Lot Of Support For Water As A Human Right
• But A Lot of Important Players Abstained From Voting, Including the United States and Canada
• The Vote was 122 Yeses, 41 Abstentions• 29 Countries Did Not Participate In The Vote
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Good News & Bad News
• The Good News Is That The Assumption That Access To Clean Drinking Water Is A Human Right Has Been Strengthened
• 122 Countries Are Now On Record In Support• The Bad News Is that We’re Still Working With
Assumptions.
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The Debate
• The Last Decade of Debate Has Been Over Creating Concrete Rules That Would Force Nations of the World to do the Right Thing.
• More and More Countries Have Been Getting on Board. But It Was Still Not Unanimous and Catarina Was Pushing To Move On.
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Gambling
• Catarina De Albuquerque Seemed to Be Gambling That There Was Now Enough Momentum, Enough Attention on Water, That She Could Get Something Done.
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Back To Square One?
• Maybe.• Maybe Not.• One Interpretation Is That Those Who See
Water As A Human Right Have Been Out-Maneuvered
• To Me, We’re Very Close to Being Back to Square One. It’s A Good Idea But It’s Not Mandatory
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The Obama Factor
• President Obama Favors Doing More on Water.
• I was very optimistic when I heard him talking about water in his inaugural speech.
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I know he cares about water and the environment. But the way things are going now I don’t know how much of a force for change he’s going to be.
The Obama Factor
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It’s A Big Problem
• There is Surely a Lot of Work to Be Done.• Getting Everyone Access to Clean Drinking
Water and Decent Toilets Seems A Long Way Off. And the Countries Where Things Are Worst Are the Poorest.
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• Maybe We’ll See Some Progress. I Hope So.• But It’s A Work in Progress.• In the Meantime, Lots of Women and
Children Are Going to Keep Spending Too Much of Their Days
• Walking, • And Walking, • And Walking.
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• To Fetch A Pail of Water
• Rajiv Singha flickr
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The End