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(Albert Bandura)

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BiographyAlbert Bandura was born December 4 1925, in the

small town of Mundare in Northern Alberta, Canada.

He was the youngest of six children. His father farmed and helped build a railroad, while

his mother worked at a general store.

Neither parent was formally educated .

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Education Background He was educated in a small elementary school and

high school.

He received his bachelors degree in Psychology in1949 at the University of British Columbia.

He received his PhD in 1952 at the University of Iowa.

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The Social learning theory Observational /Modelling /Vicarious learning was

proposed by Albert Bandura.

Significant learning occurs through the act ofwatching and imitating another person, a model.

many kinds of complex social activities are learnedprimarily through observing others

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Social learning theory Social learning theory highlights the relevance of

models behaviour and the observed consequences ofthe behaviour of others.

when children observe a model who is acting in ahelpful or generous way, the childrens generosity andsharing increase.

Models may be parents, older siblings, entertainmentstars, or sports heroes.

Modelling may take place at any age.

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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Bandura demonstrated that children learn and imitate

the behaviours they have observed in other people.

In one of his famous studies, children observed anadult acting violently toward a Bobo doll.

When the children were later allowed to play in a roomwith the doll, they began to imitate the aggressive

actions they had previously observed.

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Effective Modelling/observational

learningAttention: in order to learn, one needs to be paying

attention.

Retention: The ability to store, retain and rememberwhat you have paid attention to.

Reproduction: You have to translate the images ordescriptions into actual behaviour.

Motivation: You have to be motivated to imitate thebehaviour that has been modelled

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CONCLUSION Modelling/Observational learning can be used to help

clients acquire new behaviour patterns.

Clients can also deal more effectively with anxiety andphobias.

Can take place either live or on video tape andsometimes with role play.

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REFERENCES Bandura, A. (1977) Social learning Theory. New York: General

Learning Press Bandura,A. (1989) Social Cognitive Theory. Englecliffs, NJ :

Prentice Hall Bukatko, D. & Daehler, M.W. (1998) Child Developmment: A

thematic Approach Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company Hough,M. (2002) 2nd ed. A Practical Approach to Counselling.

London : Prentice Hall

Newman B.M & Newman P.R. (2007) Theories of HumanDevelopment. London: Lawrence Erlbaum associates Publishers

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/observational-learning www.education.calumet.purdue.edu/

http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/observational-learninghttp://www.education.calumet.purdue.edu/http://www.education.calumet.purdue.edu/http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/observational-learninghttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/observational-learninghttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/observational-learning