social network addio? - ivlug€¦ · what's best for capturing our attention isn't best...
TRANSCRIPT
1 / 44
Norberto PatrignaniIvrea, 27 Ottobre 02018
"Social Network" Addio?Information and Communication Technologies Made for Humans
2 / 44
"The code I’m still ashamed of"
Source: Bill Sourour, "The code I’m still ashamed of", FreeCodeCamp, 13 November 2016, https://medium.freecodecamp.org/
3 / 44
One of the projects I was assigned to involved a drug that was targeted at women... the website made it clear that the client wanted to specifically target teenage girls.One of the features of this website was a quiz that asked girls a series of questions and recommended a type of drug based on their answers. When I received the requirements, they contained the questions for the quiz, along with multiple choice answers for each question. ... what rules determined what treatment the quiz would recommend?I spoke to the Account Manager about this. She emailed the client and got me the requirements. With those, I proceeded to code up the quiz.“Well, it seems that no matter what I do, the quiz recommends the client’s drug as the best possible treatment. The only exception is if I say I’m allergic. Or if I say I am already taking it.”The client was extremely pleased with the site. So much so that their rep invited me and the entire team out to a fancy steak dinner.The day of the dinner, shortly before leaving the office, a colleague emailed me a link to a news report online. It was about a young girl who had taken the drug I’d built the website for.She had killed herself.
It turned out that among the main side effects of that drug were severe depression and suicidal thoughts.... I’ve never felt okay about writing that code.Not long after that dinner, I resigned.
As developers, we are often one of the last lines of defense against potentially dangerous and unethical practices.We’re approaching a time where software will drive the vehicle that transports your family to soccer practice. There are already AI programs that help doctors diagnose disease. It’s not hard to imagine them recommending prescription drugs soon, too.The more software continues to take over every aspect of our lives, the more important it will be for us to take a stand and ensure that our ethics are everpresent in our code.Since that day, I always try to think twice about the effects of my code before I write it. I hope that you will too.
UPDATE 2018: I am now a member of the ACM and adhere to their 2018 Code of Etihcs.
4 / 4417 July 2018
5 / 44
Le tecnologie dell'informazione sono arrivate a plasmare la società ed il pianeta
in modo inquietante, sono parte integrante della sfida dell'Antropocene
Per affrontare queste sfidela filiera del datoinformazioneconoscenza
deve passare ad una visione sistemica dell'Infosferasviluppando tecnologie
socialmente desiderabili, ambientalmente sostenibili e
eticamente accettabili.
6 / 44
Mobile Lovers
Source: Bansky, street artist. Clement Street, Bristol
Terminals Host
Host PCs
HostCentricComputing
Distributed, Client/ServerComputing
Cloud Computing: Back to the Future
TouchScreens
ProcessingStorage
ProcessingStorage
Input
StorageProcessingOutput
Network
Input
Output
Network
Input
Output
NetworkHost
CloudComputing
8 / 44
"... At the heart of the change, the next 20 years will be intelligence drawn from informationInformation will be the ‘oil of the 21st century’. ... It will be the resource running our economyin ways not possible in the past."
Peter SondergaardGartner Symposium/ITxpo 2010, October 1721, Orlando
9 / 44Source: sciencegl.com, timesofscience.comSource: V.Springel / MaxPlanckInstitute for Astrophysics
Data
Information
Knowledge
10 / 44
Titans of Web,have produced amazing products ...But these companies are also trying to capture our finite attention, which they need to make money. ...they must use increasingly persuasive techniques to keep us glued. They point Artificial IntelligenceIdriven news feeds, content, and notifications at our minds, continually learning how to hook us more deeply from our own behavior.
Unfortunately, what's best for capturing our attention isn't best for our wellbeing:
Snapchat turns conversations into streaks, redefining how our children measure friendship.Instagram glorifies the pictureperfect life, eroding our self worth.Facebook segregates us into echo chambers, fragmenting our communities.YouTube autoplays the next video within seconds, even if it eats into our sleep....These are not neutral products.They are part of a system designed to addict us.
Source: http://humanetech.com/problem/
Designed to Addict Us
11 / 44Source: http://humanetech.com/problem/
No Other Media has...
12 / 44Source: www.forbes.com, 2018, accesse 14 October 2018
13 / 44
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (17491832)
Source: Josef Raabe Portrait of Goethe, WallrafRichartzMuseum, Cologne
1797: Der Zauberlehrling(The Sorcerer's Apprentice)
W.Disney, Fantasia, 1940
F.Barth, Der Zauberlehrling, 1882
P.Dukas, L'Apprenti Sorcier, 1897
14 / 44
Autonomous Vehicles (2017)
Source: http://www.thecarconnection.com
15 / 44
OFF
Ethics' Knob?
Baruch Spinoza (1632 1677)
RELATIVISM
DEONTOLOGISM
Immanuel Kant (1724 1804)
CONSEQUENTALISM
John Stuart Mill(1806 1873)
16 / 44Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976
Decidingis a Computational activity, something that can ultimately be programmed.
17 / 44Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976
Choosing is the product of Judgment, not Calculation. It is the capacity to Choose that ultimately makes us Human.
18 / 44
Weizenbaum's 3 Moral Laws of the Information Society
1. Human functions that require judgement, respect, understanding, caring and love ought not to be substituted by computers
2. Applications which have irreversible and not entirely foreseeable side effects, that do not meet pressing human needs, ought not to be undertaken without very careful forethought.
3. IT is a matter of human choice and responsibility.
Joseph Weizenbaum(Berlin, 1923 Berlin, 2008)
1976: Joseph Weizenbaum
Source: Weizenbaum J., "Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation", Freeman, 1976
19 / 44
CoShapingbetween Information Technology & Society
20 / 44
1985: Computers as SocioTechnical Systems
"Recognition that technology is not just artifacts,but rather artifacts embedded in social practices
and infused with social meaning,is essential to understanding
the connection between Ethics and IT"
Deborah Johnson, 1985
Source: Johnson, D. (1985), Computer Ethics, First Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall;
Deborah Johnson
2015: Weizenbaum Award"... for her lifelong contributions to information and computer ethics"
21 / 44
Reclaiming Conversation
22 / 44
Good ICT
ICT can be Good for Human Beings When the Systems are Designed using a HumanCentred approach
Complex Interactions of the Human Being and ICT.Experiences can be enjoyable only if
the System and the HumanComputer Interfaces are designed taking into account Human Limits.
Competences Needed: HumanComputer Interaction, DesignforAll,
eInclusion,and Methods such as Participatory Design.
GOOD ICT?
23 / 44
Diventa urgente educare i più giovani all’uso responsabile delle tecnologie in rete. E' molto utile il decalogo “Muri mediatici, industria dell’odio, buone pratiche per contrastarli”prodotto da Articolo21 e dalla Rivista San Francesco:
Non scrivere degli altri quello che non vorresti fosse scritto di te, Non temere le rettifiche, Dai voce ai più deboli, Impara a ‘dare i numeri’ (sostenere con argomenti le proprie posizioni), Le parole sono pietre, usale per costruire ponti, Diventa ‘scorta mediatica’ della verità, Non pensare di essere il centro del mondo, Il Web è un bene prezioso – Sfruttalo in modo corretto, Connettiti con le persone, Porta il messaggio nelle nuove piazze digitali.” Articolo21 (2018), Firmato ad Assisi manifesto contro muri mediatici promosso da Articolo 21 e Rivista San Francesco, www.articolo21.org.
Il ruolo dell'educazionePer un'Ecologia dell'Infosfera
24 / 44
Planet
25 / 44
"Dipinte in queste riveson dell’umana gente
le magnifiche sorti e progressive"Giacomo LeopardiLa Ginestra, 1836
26 / 44
"Club di Roma, 1972"
Source: "The Limits to Growth", Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jørgen Randers, William W. Behrens III, Universe Books, 1972
William W. Behrens III, Jay W. Forrester, Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jørgen Randers, 1972
27 / 44
Clean ICT?
High Tech generates Toxic Hazards throughout its entire lifecycle (including Design, Production, Consumption and Disposal)
Consider the Environmental impact (the Materials involved, Chip Manufacturing, Power Consumption of Data Centres and Devices,
ICT Applications, eWaste Management and Recycling)
Is ICT Exponential Growth Sustainable? Maybe we need Paradigms based on Cycles? "Circular Economy"?
28 / 44Source: How Clean Is Your Cloud?, Greenpeace, 2012
How Clean Is Your Cloud?
29 / 44
Agbogbloshie (Accra), Ghana, Africa
Source: Agbogbloshie: the world's largest ewaste dump, The Guardian, 2013
30 / 44Source. www.shell.com/scenairos, 2013
Global CO2 Emissions
31 / 44
By 2030 ICT can reduceGlobal CO
2 Emissions: +1,25 12,1 = 10,85 GtCO
2
0
1
2
3
0,360,30,59
End-users DevicesVoice & Data NetworksData Centers
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
-1,8
-3,6
-2
-2
-2,7
Manufacturing
Buildings
Agriculture
Transportation
Power10,85 GtCO
2 =
19,7% of Global GHG in 2050 (55GtCO
2)
GtCO2
0
Source: Global eSustainability Initiative, 2015
32 / 44
The challenge for the next 10 Years
Source: FROM SMART TO SENSELESS: The Global Impact of 10 Years of Smartphones, Greenpeace, 2017
33 / 44
Internet of Thingsenabler ofCircular Economy?
Source: World Economic Forum report: Intelligent Assets, Unlocking the Circular Economy Potential, 2016
34 / 44Source: Guide to Greener Electronics 2017, Greenpeace, 17 October 2017
35 / 44
A Smartphone with Social Values:that pays attention to Mining, Design, Manufacturing, Lifecycle
SlowTech Case Study Fairphone.com
Source: www.fairphone.com
36 / 44
Fair ICT
Source: www.fairphone.com
37 / 44
IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing)"Global Industry Council (GIC) 2020 Skill Assessment Report
August 2015
"... Revised Definition for the Computing Professional:Given the reach of ICT in our lives, it is important for an ICT Professional to be:
Technically Strong (in order to use the Right Technology for the Relevant Problem)
Ethically Grounded (to ensure that Technology is put to the Right Use),
Socially Conscious (so that the technical solution takes into consideration elements of Sustainability)
Business Savvy (to ensure commercial viability which is required for Social Prosperity and Funding of new Developments)" (pag.47).
2015: Definition for the Computing Professional
38 / 44
progettiamo sistemi tecnicamente affidabili... e
socialmente desiderabili,
ambientalmente sostenibili,
eticamente accettabili.
39 / 44Source: Palrgrave, 2018
40 / 44
Digital Literacy
Scientific MethodProblem SolvingComputational ThinkingCoding
Dal Codingalla Saggezza Digitale
Digital Wisdom
Digital IdentityOnLife (online & offline blending)
Ethical HackersSlow Tech
41 / 44
Una storiadistorieper un'introduzione gentile
all'informaticaSource: Loccioni, 2018
42 / 44
"In 2018, we still believethat it's acceptable
for companies to maximise their profits,regardless of the social, environmental and human
consequences"
Tim O'ReillyDo More, Do Things That Were Previously Impossible!
SxSW, 9 March 2018
Tim O'Reilly
43 / 44
Adriano Olivetti(19011960)
Source: Archivio Storico Olivetti, www.acroliv.org
"Può l'industria darsi dei fini?Si trovano questi semplicemente
nell'indice dei profitti?"
Adriano OlivettiDiscorso "Ai lavoratori di Pozzuoli"
per l’inaugurazione dello stabilimento di Pozzuoli, 23 Aprile 1955in A.Olivetti (1959), "Citta' dell’uomo", Edizioni di Comunita', Milano
44 / 44
ICT, Made for Humans
Norberto PatrignaniIvrea, 27 Ottobre 02018
Grazie!