GROUP MEMBERS:

NOR WANI BT ISMAIL (0824004)S IT I NOR BAIYAH BT AB GHANI (0918936)S IT I NUR L IYANA NASUHA BT GHAZALI (0915366)KHAIRUL NAZIRAH BT ABDUL KHALID (0911254)MAZNAHTUL ‘AL IAA BT AYOB (0913182)

SOCIAL PROBLEM (SOCA 3310)

FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONMIGRATION IN ISLAM

STATISTICREASONS FOR MIGRATION

NEGATIVE EFFECTPOSITIVE EFFECT

SOLUTIONCONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Definition

Foreign workers Those who work in a foreign country without

initially intending to settle there and without the benefits of citizenship in the host country.

Those who migrate willingly to the other countries to enter the work sector in those countries.

MigrationDirected, regular or systematic movement of

group of objects, organisms or people.

Migration in Islam

Hijrah-Hijrah is defined as striking off on a new path

that allows one to become a better person.two types of Hijrah:

1) physical-migrate from one place to other place.2) spiritual-a person who has committed actions that can be considered as sinful might make the spiritual Hijrah to be free from sin

There is also a general identity attached to all these workers :

Nepalese are often hired to work as the security guards.

Those from India are placed in Indian-Muslim restaurants and a popular 24 hours outlet in Malaysia.

Indonesian men and Bangladeshi are very synonymous to construction sectors.

As for women from Indonesia & Philippine, they are often hired as domestic helpers.

Myanmar people, mostly work in Chinese restaurant.

TABLE 1

Statistic of Foreign Workers by Country of Origin (%)Source: Department of Immigration

Country 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Jan-July2004

Indonesia

Nepal

Bangladesh

India

Myanmar

Philippines

Thailand

Pakistan

Others

53.3

0.1

37.1

3.6

1.3

2.7

0.7

1.0

0.2

65.7

0.1

27.0

3.2

0.9

1.8

0.5

0.6

0.2

69.4

0.1

24.6

3.0

0.5

1.2

0.4

0.5

0.3

68.4

7.3

17.1

4.0

1.0

1.0

0.4

0.4

0.4

64.7

9.7

9.7

4.6

3.3

0.8

2.4

0.2

4.6

63.8

9.7

8.4

5.6

4.3

0.6

0.9

0.2

6.5

66.5

9.2

8.0

4.5

4.2

1.1

1.0

0.1

5.4

TABLE 2

Sector Distribution of Foreign Workers (%)

Source: Department of Statistics and Department of Immigration

 1990 1995 2001 2003

July

2004

Agriculture

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Services

47.9

0.6

10.4

9.8

31.3

36.1

0.4

13.5

24.1

25.9

32.9

0.2

11.5

24.7

30.7

16.5

-

23.6

31.5

28.4

24.7

-

19.8

30.5

25.0

REASONS FOR MIGRATION

Voluntary

Economic-country’s wealth, broader empire, rural-urban, less developed state t0 developed state

Political-stability in Malaysia

Social-similar culture like Indonesia

Demography

They have relatives in the migrant country

Forced

Life pressure

Political instability

Wages very low

Less job

Rex Varona (1998) emphasize that the dynamics of massive labor migration is dictated by "push" and "pull" (labour supply and demand) forces. These forces are rooted in poverty, joblessness, wage imbalances, economic restructuring, government policies, social pressures, etc. both in the sending and receiving countries

most workers moving among countries are unskilled workers migrating from countries to develop countries

It is because many develop countries are now experiencing large inflow of unskilled foreign workers, especially in the sectors that requiring unskilled labour. situation has been made even worse

by the fact that the Malaysian labour ,especially those attained medium ,or high education ,would not accept the low paid legitimated work in plantation ,mining and construction

Impressive growth of Malaysian economyIdris and Rahmah(2006) note the foreign come to Malaysia

during the 1980s,Malaysian economy experienced a dramatic change in its structure, a shift from dependence on the role of agriculture towards manufacturing and services sectors.

Because of these two, high demand rate for labor, which consequently, led to the problem labor shortage at all level of job of categories. To overcome to this problem, the Malaysian economies rely on foreign labor. The situation was seen an opportunity for the excess supply of unskilled workers of the neighboring countries like Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Myanmar.

Economic logic and political motivation= the 1950s and early 1960s, Indonesian

migration into Malaysia was also encouraged by the Malayan Government for political reasons, as their easy integration into the Malay community allowed Malays to maintain a numerical edge in population over the Chinese and Indians

Urban migration of Malay youths=the urban migration of Malay youths opened the door for Indonesian labour in the agricultural sector. Push factors included unemployment and over-population in Java, =while the relatively higher wages found in the peninsula was a major pull factor. Added to that was the fact that the easy assimilation of most Indonesians into Malay society sometimes allowed the "guests" to benefit from affirmative action programmes of the NEP as well.

Shared same in social the fact that Malaysia was not only a location of close proximity

but also a nation whose majority population shared much with the Indonesians in terms of language, culture, and even ethnicity meant that it would be the obvious choice for Indonesian labour looking to move to greener pastures.

POSITIVE EFFECTS FOR THE HOST COUNTRIES

COUNTRY/COMMUNITY

Involvement women in economy sector

Additional government revenues from taxes

Cheap labor which reduces development costs

Savings in training due of hiring educated domestic workers

FAMILY/INDIVIDUAL

Improve social status and prestige

Improved child careEnjoyment of leisure

and social activitiesDevelopment of child’s

knowledge of the English Language

IMPACT OF THE EMPLOYING FOREIGN WORKER IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Cultural pollutionSocial problemPolitical stabilityEconomic issuesLow wages for local workers &taking job away from localsForeign labor caused work delay

Low productivity quality due to time consuming to train news workersHeavy expenses in recruitment process &long permit process timesAccommodation problems for foreign labor

SOLUTION

Divided into three:

The roles of the governmentThe roles of the owner of industriesThe roles of the Malaysian

ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

The government have to play major role to overcome the problem of many foreign workers at Malaysia.Foreign Worker Department should keep on eyes on the employee.Increase the levy of the workers.Increase the salary of labor job .

ROLES OF THE OWNER INDUSTRIES

Do not neglect the Malaysian.Has to avoid unstable economy, if they take foreign workers our currency will be out from our country.

ROLES OF THE MALAYSIAN

Learn the skill for that job.To not being picky or choosey in terms of find jobs.Start from the beginning.

FINDINGS

Methodology :interviewSample of the study: Indonesian workers 5 respondents in Mahallah SafiyyahObjective of interview:

1) To know about the reason they came to Malaysia2) To identify their feeling on work in Malaysia3) To investigate how they came here whether through agency or by themselves

FINDING

Average age of the respondents are 19 to 50 years old

Reason came to Malaysia is in their country not have many jobs

Relationship with the employer was fine, well-treated

They felt happy and fun when come to Malaysia.

Most came by themselves & have relative in Malaysia