Social Protection for Women in Enterprise Social Protection for Women in Enterprise DevelopmentDevelopment

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ASEAN Regional ConferenceManila – Philippines

04th-05th December 2014

Ms. Soth Sithon, Ministry of Women’s AffairsMs. Sean Polin, Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation

CAMBODIA

ContentsContents

Overview of the Kingdom of Cambodia The country’s definition of Social Protection The relevant legal mandate on social protection Existing programs on social protection for women in MSMEs Community base social protection programs for women in

MSMEs Gaps and challenges in implementing social protection programs

for women in MSMEs Lessons learned in implementing social protection programs for

women MSMEs

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Overview of the Kingdom of cambodiaOverview of the Kingdom of cambodia

• Land Area: 181,035 square kilometers• Border : Thailand, Lao, and Vietnam

• Population: 15,458,332 people,– around 51% are women (2014 est.)– 80.5% is living in the rural areas

• One quarter of households: headed by women

• Economic growth: 7.2 (Asian Development Outlook 2013. Manila)• GDP per capita: USD 1030 currently

• Poverty rate: 19% (est. 2013)

• Main exports : Clothing, Timber, Rice and Rubbers

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Overview...(cont.)Overview...(cont.)

• 78% of women (15-64 yrs old): labor force (CSES 2013)

_ 50% in agriculture

_ 19.2% in industry

_ 30.8% in service

• 60% of workforce : in the informal sector

• Women: 61.2% in MSMEs

• Women owned businesses: 65% of MSMEs

• Most of women businesses are micro enterprises (82% of this group).

• Women: 90% of employees in garment industry

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The country’s definition of Social ProtectionThe country’s definition of Social Protection

Social Protection refers to the support provided for people to address root cause problems of poverty and vulnerability meanwhile increase human resources development.

Social Protection includes the preparation and use of various approaches/tools to protect individuals, households, and communities that face financial, economical and social challenges from risk and crisis in order to help them move from poverty.

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The Constitution of Cambodia, 1993 The Labour Law, 1998

The Insurance Law, 2000 The Law on Social Security Schemes for Persons, 2002 The Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence and

Protection of Victims, 2005 The Law on Suppression of Trafficking in Humans and Sexual

Exploitation (adopted in late 2007) The Law on the Protection and the Promotion of the Rights of

Persons with Disabilities, 2009

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The relevant legal mandate on social protectionThe relevant legal mandate on social protection

The Law of Marriage and Family (1989):

Distinction between joint and separate properties

Decisions over joint property require agreement of both spouses

The Land Law (1992):

Joint ownership between husband and wife on Land titling

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The relevant legal mandate…(cont.)The relevant legal mandate…(cont.)

Rectangular Strategy

National Development Strategic Plan (NSDP)

National Social Protection Strategy for the Poor and Vulnerable(NSPS 2011-2015)

Five year Strategic Plan of the Sectoral Ministries

National Action Plan on Violence Against Women

National Climate Change Strategy (2013-2023)

Early Childhood Policy

Health Care Financing Policy

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National Development Strategies and Policy National Development Strategies and Policy to support social protectionto support social protection

• Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MoLVT)– National Social Safety Fund for private sector employees– TVET Support Program:

- Training programmes through technical and vocational training centres and community training programmes- Entrepreneurship courses for participants in training programmes; - Training and education programmes through NGOs, associations and private sector actors recognised by the RGC.

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Existing programs on social protection for women in MSMEsExisting programs on social protection for women in MSMEs

• Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MoLVT)– Social Welfare and Work Condition Interventions:

- Occupational health and safety system inspection to ensure appropriate workplace conditions; - Expansion of occupational health and safety protection for

small enterprises and the informal sector; - Affiliation to professional associations to establish conflict

resolution at the workplace and Arbitration Council to promote harmony between employers and employees;

- Work injury insurance; - Social safety net for migrants abroad;

The Min Wage Committee at MoLVT- review and adjust wage for workers in the garment and footwear sector

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Existing programs...(cont.)Existing programs...(cont.)

• Ministry of Commerce (MoC): GMAP (2012–2017) to facilitate the enabling environment for women’s engagement in business.

• Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction (MoLMUPC): Among more than 2 million land titles distributed in 16 provinces (in 2012), 62% were registered as common property and 19% registered as sole property of the wife.

• Ministry of Industry and Handicraft (MoIH):

One stop service for SMEs business register

• Ministry of Planning (MOP) ID Poor Programme

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Existing programs…(cont.)Existing programs…(cont.)

• Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MoWA): In it 5 year strategic plan Neary Rattanak (NR) - Women’s Economic Empowerment: increased incomes, better livelihoods and social protection for women.

– Provide services to improve women access to business services, networking (currently 2 women business associations have been established, some concerns were solved in the G-PSF)

– Contribute to dialogues or formation of policies of sectoral ministries for improving working conditions, social protection and labour standards in the private sector

– Improve women access to vocational trainings

– Improve women benefit from cross border labour migration and reduce risk

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Existing programs…(cont.)Existing programs…(cont.)

Community base social protection programs Community base social protection programs for women in MSMEsfor women in MSMEs

MOWA under NRIV : • Gender and Climate Change ‘Prorgramme’ - Interventions for women

with high level of vulnerability -to strengthen their climate change adaptation and mitigation capacities and empowerment at decentralized level:

• Supporting and enhancing food security• Enhancing sustainable access to clean water(drinking water)• Improvement of urban and rural livelihoods• Access to information and support group formation

• Green job opportunities for women (e.g. waste management)

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Community base social protection…(cont.)Community base social protection…(cont.)

MOWA under NRIV : • ‘Prorgramme’ on Agriculture Development and Economic

Empowerment for Women• Improving Rural livelihood- Improving women handicraft production:

• Supporting and enhancing their income generating activities (farm and non-farm production, and life skills education• Support women self-help/producers groups/association

formation ( access to market and financial resources, revolving fund...)

• Enhance job opportunities for women (e.g. Improve vocational training programs at Women’s Development Centers)

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Community base social protection…(cont.)Community base social protection…(cont.)

• Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training (MoLVT)- Provide training programmes with the support from National Fund for Poverty Reduction and Special Fund of Samdach Techo Prime Minister; - Certified training programmes of pilots on post-harvest technology and the skills-bridging programme;

• Ministry of Rural Development (MRD) Rural infrastructure works

• Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery (MAFF)

Food production, livelihoods

• Private sector and NGOs

MFIs-extend their services to district level

Training and education programs

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Gaps and challengesGaps and challenges

• Crosscutting issues

• Week coordination and collaboration from line ministries, stakeholders, civil societies and DPs

• The quality and effectiveness of public services provision are limited

• Limited data and information sources

• Institutional and resource constraints

• Limited budget for implementation from the Government and DPs– Expenditure on SP- only 1 percent (Survey of SPI by ADB 2011)

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Lessons learnedLessons learned

• The integration of life skills in the vocational training process

• The concept of ” One Village One Product” promotes women’s production from the communities

• The promotion of Women’s networking –Women voice in the Public Private Sector Forum

• The Coordination within line ministries and private sector for capacity building and sharing information

• The support from high decision makers

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