social psychology report
DESCRIPTION
This is an overview of social psychology. The presentation is in the partial fulfillment of Experimental Psychology class. 1st Term AY 2011-2012.TRANSCRIPT
PSY415M
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Presented by:
Monica Renee G. Policarpio
MSPSYCP
June 21, 2012
WHAT IS SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY?
HOW DOES IT DIFFER WITH SOCIOLOGY?
The scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, behavior and feelings are influenced by real, imagined, or implied presence of others is called Social Psychology
While Sociology, on the other hand is the study and classification of human societies
THREE MAIN AREAS
SOCIAL COGNITION
SOCIAL INTERACTION
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
SOCIAL COGNITION
How we perceive our social worlds and how we attend to, store, remember, and use information about other people and the social world
SOCIAL COGNITION
Attitude
Impression Formation
Attribution
ATTITUDE A tendency to respond positively or
negatively toward a certain idea, person, object, or situation
idea/ person/ object/
situation
Your perception Response
THREE COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE
Affect
• Distrustful to politicians
Behavior
• Does not practice voting
Cognition
• Politicians are all the same
ATTITUDE FORMATION
ExperiencesMom and Teacher
Friends Observation
Attitude
ATTITUDE FORMATION
Direct Contact
Direct Instruction
Interaction with others
Vicarious Conditioning
Attitude
ATTITUDE CHANGE
Persuasion is the process by which one person tries to change the belief, opinion, position, or course of action of another person through argument, pleading or explanation
FACTORS OF PERSUASION
SOURCE
MESSAGE
TARGET AUDIENCE
COGNITIVE AND DISSONANCE
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
Boring task
“Did you enjoy the task?”
$1
$20 “No”
“Yes”
Received
HOW DO WE REDUCE THE DISCOMFORT?
1) Change the conflicting behavior
2) Change the conflicting cognition
3) Form new cognition
WHY???
IMPRESSION FORMATION
PRIMACY EFFECT
persistent impression made toward a person even though they may later have a contradicting information regarding their original impression
STEREOTYPES
A belief or set of beliefs about people in a particular social category
ATTRIBUTION
The process of explaining one’s own and others’ behavior
ATTRIBUTION THEORY Developed by Fritz Heider
Situational / External Dispositional / Internal
ATTRIBUTION BIASES
Fundamental Attribution Error Overestimation of internal characteristics and
underestimation of the influence of situation
Self-serving bias = situational attribution
Belief in a Just World = dispositional attribution
SOCIAL INFLUENCE The process through which the real or
implied presence of others can directly or indirectly influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an individual
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
CONFORMITY
COMPLIANCE
OBEDIENCE
GROUP BEHAVIOR
CONFORMITY Is changing one’s own behavior to
match that of other people
1 2 3Find the matching line
Asch’s Experiment
COMPLIANCE Changing one’s behavior as a result of other
people directing or asking for a change
4 TECHNIQUES TO GAIN COMPLIANCE
Foot-in-the-Door Technique
Door-in-the-Face Technique
Lowball Technique
That’s-not-all-Technique
OBEDIENCE Changing of one’s own behavior at the
direct order from an authority figure
GROUP BEHAVIOR GROUPTHINK is the kind of thinking that
occurs when people place more importance on maintaining group cohesiveness than on assessing the facts of the problem with which group is concerned
GROUP POLARIZATION Tendency for members involved in a group
discussion to take somewhat more extreme positions than the initial inclination of other members
Group tends to intensify opinions
SOCIAL FACILITATION The positive influence of others on performance Increased arousal in presence of others resulting
to increased performance
SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT The negative influence of others on
performance Increased arousal in presence of others
resulting to decreased performance
SOCIAL LOAFING ‘loafers’ tend not to do well as well when other
people are working on the same task, but can do quite well when working on their own
SOCIAL INTERACTION
Positive and negative aspects of people relating to others
SOCIAL INTERCTION
PREJUDICE Negative attitude held by a person about the
members of a particular social group In-groups and out-groups “us” vs. “them”
DISCRIMINATION Treating people differently because of prejudice
toward the social group to which they belong
REALISTIC CONFLICT THEORY
Increasing prejudice and discrimination between the in-group and the out-group when those groups in conflict over a limited resource, such as land and available jobs
Example: “Illustrado” vs. “Indio”
THE SOCIAL SELF
SOCIAL COGNITION
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
Referring to the use of cognitive processes in relation to understanding the social world
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY A theory in which the formation of a person’s
identity within a particular social group is explained by
SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION
SOCIAL IDENTITY
SOCIAL COMPARISON
SOCIAL INTERACTION
Aggression
• When one has the intention to hurt or destroy another person whether verbally or physically
Altruism
• Helping someone without expectation of reward and often without fear of own’s safety
Attraction
• To have a desire for a relationship with someone
AGGRESSION
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
As a Human instinct
As a biological phenomenon (amygdala and testosterone) / learned behavior
Alcohol-influenced aggression?
ALTRUISM
Bystander Effect Refers to finding the likelihood of a bystander
to help someone in trouble decreases as the number of bystander increases.
Diffusion of Responsibility When a person fails to take responsibility for
either action or inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility
ATTRACTION: LIKING AND LOVING
RULES OF ATTRACTION
Proximity
Similarity
Physical Attraction
RECIPROCITY OF LIKING
Tendency to like people who like them
Complementary qualities
STERNBERG’S LOVE THEORY
LIKINGINTIMACY
INFATUATION
PASSION
CONSUMATE LOVE
EMPTYCOMMITMEN
T
FATUOUS
ROMANTIC COMPANIONATE
THANK YOU! ;)