social psychology social cognition. person perception effects of physical appearance effects of...

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Obedience Obedience Stanley Milgram (1960s) Stanley Milgram (1960s)

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Page 1: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

ObedienceObedience

Stanley Milgram (1960s)Stanley Milgram (1960s)

Page 2: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Experimental Set-upExperimental Set-up

•one “subject” assigned to role of “learner”

•“teacher” provides punishment for errors

Page 3: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Milgram -ResultsMilgram -Results

•65% obeyed completely

Page 4: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Factors Influencing ObedienceFactors Influencing Obedience proximity of authorityproximity of authority legitimacy of authority figurelegitimacy of authority figure remoteness of victimremoteness of victim presence of role modelspresence of role models

Ethical IssuesEthical Issues deceptiondeception high levels of stresshigh levels of stress debriefingdebriefing real life analogues real life analogues

Hofling et al. (1966)Hofling et al. (1966) ““Officer Scott”Officer Scott”

Page 5: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

NormsNorms learned, socially based rules that prescribe what people should (or should not) do in different situationslearned, socially based rules that prescribe what people should (or should not) do in different situations

Institutional Norms:Institutional Norms: implicit or explicit rules for behaviour and beliefs that are applied to entire institutions or organizationsimplicit or explicit rules for behaviour and beliefs that are applied to entire institutions or organizations institutionalizationinstitutionalization Stanford Prison StudyStanford Prison Study

– Zimbardo (1972)Zimbardo (1972)

Page 6: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Bystander InterventionBystander Intervention

Kitty GenoveseKitty Genovese– New York, 1964New York, 1964

Page 7: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Bystander InterventionBystander Intervention LatanLatanéé & Darley & Darley

75

38

10

0

20

40

60

80

Alone 3 Naïve 1 + 2 Conf

Experimental Condition

Latané & Darley (1969)

Page 8: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Possible ExplanationsPossible Explanations Information Influence of Others’ Information Influence of Others’

InactionInaction Normative Influence of Others’ Normative Influence of Others’

Inaction & Evaluation AnxietyInaction & Evaluation Anxiety Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility

Page 9: Social Psychology Social Cognition. Person Perception Effects of Physical Appearance Effects of Physical Appearance First Impressions First Impressions

Deciding to InterveneDeciding to Intervene

Start

Do NotNotice

Do NotHelp

Not AnEmergency

Do NotHelp

Define AsEmergency

I Am NotResponsible

Do NotHelp

HelpTake

Responsibility

Notice