Medieval PeriodSOCIAL SCIENCE III

COURSE OUTLINE FOR THE 3RD QTR (SOCIAL SCIENCE III)

MIDDLE AGES FEUDALISM CHIVALRY THE CHURCH as a powerful institution▪ REFORMS AND CRUSADES

THE RENAISSANCE THE REFORMATION INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION *

PROJECTS

CAF SEGREGATION PROJECT, as usual.

A surprise project which will be formally introduced in class after the long break.

MIDDLE AGES

Middle Ages Franks Monastery Secular Carolingian

Dynasty Charlemage Lord Fief

Vassal Knight Serf Manor Tithe Chivalry Tournament troubadour

MEDIEVAL EUROPE

This period of history in Europe succeeded the fall of the great Roman Empire.

Medieval Europe – new institutions emerged to replace those of the fallen Roman Empire. They were fragmented unlike the

civilizations in China and Southwest Asia.

GERMANIC FORCES ATTACK ROMAN EMPIRE

ROMAN EMPIRE

GERMANIC TRIBES

BROUGHT WITH

DISRUPTION OF TRADE Business collapsed as a

result of recurring invasions.

DOWNFALL OF CITIES Romans abandoned

cities as centers of administration.

POPULATION SHIFTS From city to countryside

(URBAN to RURAL)

THEM

DECLINE OF LEARNING Germanic invaders: NO

READ, NO WRITE.

LOSS OF A COMMON LANGUAGE Latin began to be

fragmented▪ FRENCH▪ SPANISH▪ Other Roman based

languages

EMERGENCE OF GERMANIC KINGDOMS

Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces.

Church is the only institution which survived the fall of the Roman Empire. The Church provided order

and security. Important part in the

Medieval History of Europe.

CHANGES OCCURRED DURING THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

ROMAN SOCIETY

Loyalty to the public government

Written law

GERMANIC SOCIETY

Family ties and personal loyalty

Unwritten rules and traditions

CHRISTIANITY IN A ROMAN REGION

FRANKS are a Germanic people who held power in the Roman province of Gaul. Their first king was named Clovis who

was said to have brought Christianity to this region.

The Church in Rome welcomed Clovis’s conversion and supported his military campaigns against other Germanic peoples. This marked the beginning of an alliance

between two powerful forces/ institutions, the Kingdom and the Church.

SPREADING OF CHRISTIANITY IN GERMANIC REGIONS

POLITICS Church and King converted many

Germanic people.

MISSIONARIES – borders of the Roman Empire

FEAR OF COASTAL ATTACKS BY MUSLIMS

MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS

BENEDICT

Wrote a book on practical set of rules for monasteries.

MONASTERY- religious communities that the Church built to adapt to rural conditions.

SCHOLASTICA

Adapted the same rules for women.

An example of a monastery

POPE’S EXPANSION OF POWER

SECULAR means worldly, power involved in politics.

Gregory the Great broadened the authority of the papacy.

CENTRAL THEME: Churchly kingdoms ruled by a Pope

A SECULARIZED POPE

POPE’S PALACE- center of the Roman government.

Church revenues for raising armies, repairing roads, helping the poor.

Negotiating peace treaties with invaders (ex. Lombards)

Pope being the Mayor of Rome

CHANGES IN THE POWER

OF THE POPE

CLOVIS AND HIS DESCENDANTS

Roman Empire was divided. England = seven

tiny kingdoms. Franks = controlled

Gaul, the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms.

Clovis- first king of Gaul. ▪ Started and

strengthened the Merovingian Dynasty.

Major Domo= mayors of the palace. Became the most

powerful person in the kingdom.

In charge of the royal households and estates (official responsibility)

Commanded armies and made policies.

CHARLES MARTEL

Extended Franks’ reign to the North, South, and East of Gaul.

Also defeated a Muslim raiding party from Spain at the Battle of Tours.

PEPIN THE SHORT

Succeeded Charles Martel.

Supported the Church in their fight against the Lombards (invading Central Italy).

“King by the Grace of God.”

Started the Carolingian Dynasty.

CHARLEMAGNE

Pepin the Short left two successors, Carloman and Charles.

CHARLES- would eventually be known as Charlemagne. A tall, bold man who stood 6’4” Einhard says he was “the most potent prince with

the greatest skill and success in different countries during the forty-seven years of his reign.”

Doubled the area of his father’s reign His conquests helped spread Christianity Is the first German “Roman Emperor”. WHY WAS IT HISTORIC?

CHARLEMAGNE’S POWER

Limited the authority of the nobles

Regularly visited every part of his kingdom.

Judged cases, settled disputes, rewarded followers.

Encouraged learning English, German,

Italian, and Spanish scholars

Opened a palace school for the children at the court.

Monasteries opened schools that trained monks and priests

CHARLEMAGNE’S HEIRS

Louis the Pious – devoutly a religious man

Lothair

Charles the Bald

Louis the German

TREATY OF VERDUN- divided Charlemagne’s empire into 3 kingdoms.

ASSIGNMENT

FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE MAP OF CHARLEMAGNE’S EMPIRE.

TAKE HOME QUIZ QUESTIONS WHAT IS FEUDALISM? WHERE DOES

FEUDALISM BASE ITS POWER? DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE PRESENT IN THIS PERIOD.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FEUDALISM THAT EXISTED IN JAPAN AND CHINA WITH THE ONE THAT EXISTED IN EUROPE.

DRAW THE TYPICAL MANOR THAT EXISTED DURING THIS ERA.