social vulnerability
DESCRIPTION
Social Vulnerability. Sandy A. Johnson, Ph.D. 2006 Summer Colloquium on Climate & Health Boulder, CO. Definitions. Risk – probability that a negative outcome will occur Risk factor – increases probability of a negative outcome Vulnerability – Ability to mitigate risk. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Social VulnerabilitySandy A. Johnson, Ph.D.
2006 Summer Colloquium on Climate & Health
Boulder, CO
![Page 2: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definitions
• Risk – probability that a negative outcome will occur
• Risk factor – increases probability of a negative outcome
• Vulnerability – Ability to mitigate risk
“In a time of drastic change it is the learners who inherit the future. The learned usually find themselves equipped to live in a world that no longer exists.”
- Eric Hoffer
![Page 3: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Vulnerability
Physical Environment Socioeconomic
Sociocultural Political Environment
Agency
![Page 4: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Vulnerability
• Climate Pattern• Relationship of climate pattern to well-
being• Identification of vulnerable populations• Building sustainable adaptation
![Page 5: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Effects of climatic events on malaria incidenceAve. rainfall Event
Low Epidemic – El Nino high temp. and rainfall in cool dry, high altitude areas Pakistan (37)
Epidemic – high rainfall, arid/semiarid areas Kenya (6), Gujarat (3), Punjab (41)
Epidemic – high temp. and rainfall, tropical highlands w/little moisture deficit Africa (234, 184)
Epidemic – high rainfall with La Nina 1988, extend area of endemicity NE Venezuela (23)
Lapse in transmission – flooding; hot-wet areas, flooding washes away breeding sites in southern African (190) (24)
High Epidemic – drought, humid areas w/ponding of rivers in Sri Lanka (41), Colombia (39, 256), drought in Venezuela (36)
Source: Sutherst 2004
![Page 6: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Health
Resources
Lost work
Lost income
Lost resources
Health care expenses
Death rites
Increased poverty
DecreasedProductivity
Increased Poverty
Higher reproduction
Social welfareHealthcare
![Page 7: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Vulnerability
Resources
Risk
Exposure
![Page 8: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Mitigating health impacts
• Scale• Accurate identification of the vulnerable• (Mis)match of priorities• Communication• Sustainable, culturally competent strategy• Time perspective• Change in vulnerability over time• Ethical considerations
![Page 9: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Scale
• Population• Neighborhood• Household• Individual
![Page 10: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Identify the vulnerable
• National Vulnerabilities– Low income,
especially rural– Women– Haitians
• Vulnerabilities in La Altagracia– Sugarcane workers, but
less so than construction workers
– Construction workers– Permanent residents
near construction/tourist facilities
![Page 11: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Priority Mismatch
![Page 13: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Communication
• Know the audience• Frame the issue
– Cultural competency• Semantic networks• Priority match
• Appropriate messenger• Build trust• Positive communication
Source: Moser 2006, Rogers 1962
![Page 14: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sustainable, Culturally
Competent Strategy
![Page 15: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Time Horizons
To a man, a butterfly has but a short life. To a tree, a man’s life is but the blink of an eye.
Taoist adage
![Page 16: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Vulnerability in Flux
Time
Incidence
Sources: Aral 2002, Suthrest 2004
![Page 17: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Vulnerability in Flux
Construction Projects and Malaria Cases in the Dominican Republic
1985 to 1999
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Year
Case
s
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
Area
Und
er C
onst
ruct
ion
(m2)
No. of CasesArea (square meters)
![Page 18: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ethical Dimensions
• Who are the winners and who are the losers?
• Will desired outcomes be achieved? What are foreseeable consequences?
• Are we harming anyone?• Are we reducing suffering?• Who is driving the agenda?• Is the solution equitable and just?
![Page 19: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Louisiana’s Katrina Mortality, July 20, 2006Race Mortality based on 835 Total mortality is 1,577
African American - 451 (53%)
Caucasian 334 (39%)
Other 33 (4%)
Unknown 35 (5%)
GenderMale 432 (53%)
Female 421 (47%)
Age 0 - 15 7 (< 1%)
16 - 20 5 (< 1%)
21 - 30 13 (2%)
31 – 40 26 (3%)
41 - 50 75 (9%)
51 - 60 119 (14%)
61 - 75 196 (23%)
0ver 75 388 (45%)
Unknown 24 (3%)Source: State of Louisiana Dept. of Health and Hospitals
![Page 20: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Female Male AfricanAmerican
Caucasian
Proportion state
51% 45% 33% 66%
Proportion city
53% 46% 68% 28%
Female 47%Male 53%
African American 53%Caucasian 39%
Rate per 100,000 (Orleans Parish)
86 89 93 69Age over 50
145 per 100,000
![Page 21: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Source: Times Picayune, Oct. 2006
![Page 22: Social Vulnerability](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/56815e08550346895dcc5d88/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Tools
• Mixed methodologies
• Translational research
• Community-based Participatory Research / Participatory Action Research