SOCIAL SCIENCES. 1ST ESO UNIT 3. THE GREEK WORLD-GLOSSARY

UNIT 3. GLOSSARY

THE GREEK WORLD

3.1. THE GREEK WORLD: THE POLEIS

- POLIS (plural POLEIS, from Greek: “City”)): In Ancient Greece, a city state with independent government and its surroundings.

- OLIGARCHY: (From Greek: OLIGOS: “a few”+ ARCHE: To govern, to lead) A FORM OF GOVERNMENT formed by a small group of people (aristocrats= high class), who control and govern a city-state in n Ancient Greece..

- ARISTOCRAT: a member of the ARISTOCRACY, people in the highest class in the Greek society. (From Greek; ARISTOS: “the best ones”+ KRATOS: POWER)

- DEMOCRACY: (From Greek: DEMOS: “The people”, and KRATOS: “power”)A FORM OF GOVERNMENT in which the population or the people can vote to choose the officials that will govern the city.

- ACHAEANS AND DORIANS: Peoples which migrated from the north to Greece and that integrated into the existing population.

- ACROPOLIS: the upper part of Greek cities. (From Greek, AKROS:”upper, high” and POLIS “city”)

- AGORA (FROM ANCIENT GREEK, AGOREIN: “TO GET TOGETHER”): public square in every city-state in ancient Greece, located in the lower part, where the street market and the public buildings were located. (The word AGORAFOBIA comes from this word, meaning fear to open spaces).

- HOPLITES: A heavily armed foot soldier in ancient Greece. Citizen – soldiers in ancient Greece.

THE ACROPOLIS OF ATHENS WITH THE

PARTHENON

SOCIAL SCIENCES. 1ST ESO UNIT 3. THE GREEK WORLD-GLOSSARY

3.2 and 3.3. THE GREEK COLONIES/ DEMOCRACY IN ATHENS.

COLONY: A Greek city founded by Greek immigrants outside of Greek territory. The most important colonies were Syracuse, in Sicily, Naucratis, in Egypt, Massalia in France or Emporion in Spain (Gerona).SCARCITY: shortage of something. METROPOLIS (from Greek, METROS, mother, and POLIS, city-state): the city-state of origin of the people who migrated from Greece. (E.g.: Syracusa was founded by people from Sparta, so Sparta is the METROPOLIS of Syracuse)METICS: Citizens who lived in Greece, but they were from another country. They couldn’t participate in politics. PARTHENON: Temple in the Acropolis of Athens dedicated to the Goddess ATHENA, Goddess of wisdom.

6.1: THE GREEK AND ROMAN GODS

PANTHEON: all the gods and goddesses that form the religion of a polytheistic civilization (from Greek, PAN= all and THEOS= God.)LIGHTING AND SCEPTRE: symbols of the god ZeusTRIDENT: symbol of the god Poseidon.CERVERUS: the dog of Hades, guardian of the entrance of the underworld. SHEAF OF SPIKES: symbol, along with the sickle, of the goddess Demeter.BOW AND ARROWS: symbol of the Goddess ArtemisTHR LYRE: musical string instrument, symbol of the god ApolloWINGED SCEPTRE and WINGED SANDALS: symbols of the god Hermes.

6. 4. GREEK ARCHITECTURE

CLASSICAL ORDERS: the three types of decoration of the Greek temples, depending on the capital: DORIC, IONIC AND CORINTHIANCAPITAL: architectonical upper element of a column, crowding the SHAFT.SHAFT: the central, long part of a column. It can be FLUTED, with grooves, or BLANK, with no decoration. PEDESTAL: the lower part of a column on which the shaft rests. ENTABLATURE: the upper part of a temple, between the column and the pediment, usually decorated with sculptures in the FREEZE. FREEZE; the central part of the entablature, decorated with sculptures.

SOCIAL SCIENCES. 1ST ESO UNIT 3. THE GREEK WORLD-GLOSSARY

3.4. DAYLY LIFE IN ANCIENT GREECE

GYNAECEUM: (FRON GREEK GUNÉ: “WOMAN”) The room in the Greek house reserved for women. ANDRON: (FROM GREEK, ANDROS: “MAN”), the room in the Greek house reserved for men. CHITON: (pron. KITAN) the basic garment of ancient Greece worn usually knee-length by men and full-length by women.HIMATION: Heavy cloak worn by Greeks. PEPLOS: A long tunic gathered at the waist with a belt and pinned at the shoulders with brooches.

PEPLOS HIMATIONCHITON

SOCIAL SCIENCES. 1ST ESO UNIT 3. THE GREEK WORLD-GLOSSARY

UNIT 13, LESSON 3. GREEK ARCHITECTURE.

THE CLASSICAL ORDERS:

WRITE ON THE DIAGRAM THE PARTS OF THE FAÇADE AND THE ELEMENTS OF EACH CAPITAL. OF THE THREE ORDERS:

DORIC IONIC CORINTHIAN

PEDESTAL, SHAFT, ENTABLATURE, PEDIMENT, CAPITAL.

SOCIAL SCIENCES. 1ST ESO UNIT 3. THE GREEK WORLD-GLOSSARY

THE PARTHENON: INDICATE THE MAIN PARTS AND ELEMENT OF A GREEK TEMPLE

FREEZE, CELLA, PERISTYLE, COLUMNS, PLINTH AND CORNICE