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Choithram School North CampusSo. Science

FA - 1Disaster

Submitted to- Our So. Science teacher

Submitted by-Manan Jain

Class –IX [old class – VIII ACDC]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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For this project I would like to thank my So. Science teachers Rita mam & Vivek Sir as they had providedus a lot of efforts . I would also like to thank our principal MRS. Nalini S.V. Pathak as she gave us a golden opportunity to show our talent. I would also like to thank my parents as they provided me with all the necessary materials needed for the project.

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DISASTER & MANAGEMENT

Dictionary meaning of "disaster" may be taken as: "a

sudden accident or natural event that causes great

damage or loss of life“.

The biggest problem with the

disasters is the

suddenness and swiftness with

which they arrive.

Earthquakes, industrial accidents, oil-spills, forest-fires,

terrorist activities etc. are some of the more commonly

encountered disasters

What is a DISASTER?

Some types of disasters are as follows:Natural disasters: These are primary natural

disastersEarthquake VolcanoesFloodsTornadosTsunami [MY TOPIC] Man Made : These are mostly caused due to certainhuman activities. Nuclear LeaksChemical LeaksOil spills

India and Natural DisastersIndia is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.

Over 65% land area vulnerable to earthquakes;

70% of land under cultivation prone to drought;

5% of land (40 million hectares) to floods;

8% of land (8,000 km coastline) to cyclones.

A Major Disaster occurs every 2-3 years;

50 million people affected annually

1 million houses damaged annually along with human, social and other losses

During 1985-2003, the annual average damage due to natural disasters has been estimated at 70 million USD

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOISource: Ministry of Agriculture, GOI: BMTPC, Ministry of Urban Development, GOI

Tsunami 2004

They ALL survived !!!

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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea earthquake that occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on December 26, 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake was caused by subduction and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean.

About tsunami 2004

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It killed more than 225,000 people in eleven countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters high. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand were hardest hit.

More about tsunami 2004

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With a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3, it is the second largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph. This earthquake had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8.3 and 10 minutes. Since 1900 the only earthquakes recorded with a greater magnitude were the 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake (magnitude 9.5) and the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake in Prince William Sound (9.2).

Some more facts and figures

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Why most people did not get a warning?

Scientists didn’t warn people to go away because maybe they were not sure about the earthquake and then the people discuss badly their names and it could cause to them, an unemployment.

The countries would have lack of tourism.

Because of other country’ s benefits.

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The Tsunami’s TollDeaths: >210,000

Indonesia: 166,000Thailand: 5,000Sri Lanka: 30,000India: 10,000

Damage: >$7 billionIndonesia: $4.4 billionIndia: $1.5 billionSri Lanka: $900 million

Aid Donations: >$6.5 billionGovernment pledges: $5.3 billionPrivate donors: $1–2 billion

TSUNAMI WHAT IS A TSUNAMI…?

A tsunami is a wave train, or series of waves, generated in a body of water by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces the water column. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and even the impact of cosmic bodies, such as meteorites, can generate tsunamis.

The following are natural signs of tsunami: Feel the earth shake. A large undersea earthquake may be felt prior to tsunami by an ongoing shaking of the ground in coastal regions. However, you may not feel an earthquake if the source is far away.

See the ocean drop. As tsunami approach the shoreline, the sea level may, but not always, recede/drop dramatically before returning as a fast-moving wall of water.

Hear an unusual roaring sound. A roaring sound may precede the arrival of tsunami.

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DURING TSUNAMI:

Climb to higher ground as soon as warning of a tsunami is released

Stay away from the beach - if you can see the wave, you are too close to escape it.

Do not assume that one wave means the danger is over - the next wave may be larger than the first.

Stay out of the area and do not return until authorities say it is safe to do so

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AFTER TSUNAMI:Help injured or trapped persons and give first aid where appropriate.

Stay out of damaged buildings.

Shovel mud while it is still moist to give walls and floors an opportunity to dry.

Enter home with caution, checking for electrical shorts and live wires

The Myths

It Can’t Happen to Us.

The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the Victims will Die anyway.

There is Nothing We Can Do.

PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENTDisaster Preparedness

Disaster impact

Disaster Response

Rehabilitation

Disaster Mitigation

Disaster Management Cycle

RESPONSEResponse measures are usually those which

are taken immediately prior to and following disaster impact.

Typical measures include :Implementation of plansActivation of the counter-disaster systemSearch and RescueProvision of emergency food, shelter, medical

assistance etc.Survey and assessmentEvacuation measures

RecoveryRecovery is the process by which communities and

the nation are assisted in returning to their proper level of functioning following a disaster.

Three main categories of activity are normally regarded as coming within the recovery segment:

RestorationReconstructionRehabilitation

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PREVENTION & MITIGATIONPrevention : Action within this segment is designed to

impede the occurrence of a disaster event and/or prevent such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities or key installations.

Mitigation : Action within this segment usually takes the form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some countries regard the development and application of building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the category of mitigation.

Disaster preparedness

Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and materials

Evaluation from past experiences about risk Location of disaster prone areas Organization of communication, information

and warning system Ensuring co-ordination and response

mechanisms Development of public education

programme Co-ordination with media National & international relations Keeping stock of foods, drug and other

essential commodities.

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Conclusions

• The Tsunami caused by the Sumatra EQ killed >300,000 people because there was no Warning System.

Source region for Sumatra Tsunami extends from Banda Aceh through the Nicobar Islands.

We need a method for estimating size of great earthquakes within a time frame useful to the Tsunami Warning System.

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What can be done to reduce the loss of life and damage if another tsunami occurs in the same area?

Inform to all people the fact. Go somewhere safer. Go to a high place to protect yourself from

the flooding. Example: on the roof of your house, or to

a high mountain.

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SOME GLIMPSES OF THE DISASTER…

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THANK YOU