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Society 4.0 (R)Evolution of Society?

Concordia-Grundtvig Workshop IV

Karlsruhe, 5thMarch 2014

Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sabina Jeschke

Institute Cluster IMA/ZLW & IfU

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

RWTH Aachen University


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5th March 2014S. Jeschke

Outline

I. The Drivers: From Industry 4.0 to Everything 4.0

From Science Fiction,

its realization

over to its technological consequences

II. Consequences: Selected Impressions of a Society 4.0

Economy

Social Trends

Culture

Infrastructure & Mobility

Technology

III. Summary


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The fourth industrial (r)evolution

Industry 4.0 - Everybody and everything is networked

today

Information revolutionEverybody and everything is

networkednetworked

information as a huge brain

Digital revolutionDigital computing and

communication technology,

enhancing systems intelligence

around 1970

local

toglobal

local

toglobal

Weidmller, Vision 2020 - Industrial Revolution 4.0

Intelligently networked, self-controlling manufacturing systems

The first three industrial revolutions came about as a result of mechanisation,

electricity and IT. The introduction of the Internet of Things is ushering in a fourth

industrial revolution. Industry 4.0 will address and solve some of the challengesfacing the world today such as resource and energy efficiency, urban production

and demographic change. Henning Kagermann et.al., acatech, 2013

Vision of Wireless Next Generation System (WiNGS) Lab

at the University of Texas at San Antonio, Dr. Kelley

Power revolutionCentralized electric power

infrastructure; mass production

by division of labor

around 1900

1stindustrial revolutionMechanical production

systematically using the

power of water and steam

around 1750


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The Drivers.

Power revolutionCentralized electric power

infrastructure; mass production

by division of labor

1stindustrial revolutionMechanical production

systematically using the

power of water and steam

today

Digital revolutionDigital computing and

communication technology,

enhancing systems intelligence

Information revolutionEverybody and everything is

networkednetworked

information as a huge brain

Communication technologybandwidth and computational power

Embedded systemsminiaturization

Semantic technologiesinformation integration

around 1750 around 1900 around 1970

Towards intelligent and (partly-)

autonomous systems AND systems of systems

Watson

2011

Google Car

2012


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Cyber-Physical Systems

Towards complex and networkedsocial-technical systems

lets have a look

Communication Consumer Energy Infrastructure Health Care Manufacturing Military Robotics Transportation

[CAR2CAR, 2011] and [ConnectSafe, 2011]


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Not Restricted to Industry: Cyber Physical Systems in All Areas

Back to: The earth converted into a huge brain (Tesla 1926)

Integrating complex information from multiple heterogenous sources opens multiple possibilities of optimization:

e.g. energy consumption, security services, rescue services as well as increasing the quality of life

and more

Building

automation

Smart grid

Room

automation

Smart

environment

Smart

metering


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Outline



its realization



Economy

Social Trends

Culture


Technology

III. Summary


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Society 4.0 (R)Evolution of Society?

A New Agenda for Society in

! Culture

! Social Trends

! Smart World

! Technology

! Economy

Digital Culture

Individualization

Social & Cultural Disparities

Urbanisation

Demographic Change

New Consumption Patterns

Smart City/Mobility/Factory

Ubiquitous Intelligence

New Work World

Technology Convergence

Organic Computing

Energy Harvesting

Crowdsourcing

Hybrid Organizations

Knowledge Based Economy


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Creation of the fourth sector

Adress a variety of societal challenges New value-chain partnerships

around the globalized world

!

Complexity of management models

New business-modelsexamples:

Globalization, Personalization, Pay by

the hour,

Future outsourcing hotspots (defined by

specialization in niche markets):

Eastern and Central Asia

Latin America

Hybrid Organizations

!

(Open and Closed) innovation as a key

driver and competition factor

Data and knowledge based value

creation

New global knowledge elite

the creative class

Rising levels of education around the

world and lifelong-learning

Most innovative comapanies base on

User-driven connection of IT-services

(Salesforce.com)

Life-transforming products (Alexion)

Knowledge Based Economy

Economy in Society 4.0

, New Business Ecosystems and Knowledge Orientation


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Social Trends in Society 4.0

Urbanization,

Systematic approaches to design and management in cities through distributed intelligence

Cultures and people remain diverse and heterogeneous (becoming even more diverse)

Chances for new markets

Enhanced networks form a new basis for infrastructure

Urbanisation

!

New forms of residence, living and

participation (e.g. eGovernment)

Smart cities with massive impact on

mobility, working life and societies

New privacy challenges

Mega regions with mega corridors

Tight sensor networks for smart cities

Strong growth of megacities and urban

conglomerations

Greater structural problems in

rural areas


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Growing global population

but declining populations in the west Aging populations

Increasing migration streams

!

Information and experience distribution

over time and space

eLearning, Blended, Moocs,

3D-based communication/cooperation

In the European and high-wage

countries, new automation technology

contributes to bridging the gaps

Demographic Change

Shifts in consumer spending/preferences

Individualized products

Growing collaborative consumption

Catch-up consumption in newly

industrialised countries

!

Hybrid and virtual models

3D printing etc. change the living room

into a manufactury Production partly leaving the factory hall

Rapid prototyping

Small batch series, e.g. spare parts for old-

timers

New Consumption Patterns

Social Trends in Society 4.0

, Demographic Changes and New Consumption Patterns


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Individualism a global phenomenon

Few strong, many lose relationships

!

Complex biographies and identities

DIY economies

From mass markets to micro markets

Postponement production

Solving the scale scope dilemma of

production through Industry 4.0 etc.

Postponement exampleBenetton:

cost-effective mass customisation tool

to handle regular fluctuations under

normal circumstances (Tang 1996: 38)

Individualisation

Competing and merging value systems Growing polarisation of rich and poor

!

Revival of trends originated from former

phases of industrialization

Growing polarisation in skills through IT

based communication

Dominance of intelligence, intellect,

creativity and mental flexibility

Less secure up to precarious lifestyles

Social fragmentation across different

life situations

Reduction of jobs in low-wage sector

Social & Cultural Disparities

Culture in Society 4.0

, Individualization and Diversity


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Smart World in Society 4.0

Smart Infrastructures,

Smart City/Mobility/Factory

Big data aggregation and analysis

Process mining in factories, mobility

scenarios etc., condition monitoring

Closed-loop control system

!

Autonomous intelligent robots allow to

fabricate products on demand

Artificial intelligence New intense human robot interaction

Smart cities - vision of sustainability

Factory of the Future, Industry 4.0

Google Car, car-2-X communication

Energy infrastructuresmarter, low-carbon energy systems

Securityenhancing safety through autonomous intelligent systems

Efficiencye.g. a holistic approach improves overall transport, usage of road space, traffic routes etc.

Individualization through intelligent individualized production

Smart and autonomous systems enter the scene


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!

Creation of intelligent infrastructures

New interfaces and intelligent

environments

Transition towards cloud-based IT

Emergence of the internet of things

Breakthrougs in artificial intelligenceand robotics

Realization of Cyber Physical Systems

The scientific perspective: Its all about

making things intelligent. Intelligence/

AI is a cross-disciplinary challenge

Ubiquitous Intelligence

Highly flexible working practices

New ergonomical, managerial and

organisational patterns

!

Advances in automation

Collaborative methods of working

Enhanced human robot cooperation

Contribution to demographic Change

Digitalisation of the world of work New recruiting structures la Amazon

Active Sourcing 4.0

Robots outside fences/cages

Mobile robotics

New Working World

Smart World in Society 4.0

, Ubiquitous Intelligence and New Work World


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Technology in Society 4.0

Technology Convergence,

Technology Convergence

Miniaturization of components incl.

nanotechnological approaches and

metamaterials

Communication web-based

!

Everything talks with everything

Small devices

Flexible electronics

Smart materials

Embedded systems

Internet of Thingscontributions of

objects to a world wide intelligence

Biotechnology already entering all fields

New phase of miniaturization allows for new applications, reduction of material consumption Energy harvesting concept in everyday life

Integration of paradigms from nature

Enhanced biotechnology applications

VERYTHING in communication with everything


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Technology in Society 4.0

, Organic Computing and Energy Harvesting

Learning form nature: Natural paradigmsas key characteristics of innovation

in hardware, software, algorithms,

procedures, behaviour

!

Bionics enters design and technology

Decentralisation of complex scenarios

Peer2peer designs in technology,

symmetrical actor-network concepts

Swarm intelligence

Bionic Learning NetworkFESTO

Sustainability and Resource-efficience in

architecture, automotive lightweight,

Organic Computing

Using residual energy from the

environment

Multiple kinds of energy harvesting:

photovoltaic, kinetic, thermoelectric

!

Examples: wireless autonomous sensors

and other devices, biomedical implants

from environment and machines up

to human energy harvesting

Indefinitely operation of sensor nodes

Besides others: Mani Srivastava

Professor of Electrical Engineering &

Professor of Computer Science, Circuits and

Embedded Systems, UCLA

Energy Harvesting


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Outline



its realization



Economy

Social Trends

Culture


Technology

III. Summary

S


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Summary

Society 4.0Evolution of Interconnected Consciousness

Up to now

Community

Global

awareness

Focus on own community

Community- System

Version 4.0

Regulation and hierachy

State Centric

Networking as central aspect

Social MarketCollective and awareness

Connected Eco-System

Scharner: From Ego-system to Eco-system

Economies: How to Build Collective Leadership

Capacity (2012)

S


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Science Technology

Society

Adapted from [CPS Summit, 2008]

How can we provide people and society

with Cyber-Physical Systems they can

trust?

24/7 availability, 100% reliability,

100% connectivity, instantaneous response,

store anything and everything forever

Expectations

Young to old, able and disabled, rich

and poor, literate and illiterate,

Diversity

Summary

Not only science

(How) can we build systems that interface between

the cyber world and the physical world? Ideally, with

predictable, or atleast adaptable behavior.Boundaries are unknown and always changing

Complex systems are unpredictable

Challenges

Individual private levels,

context-situative

Privacy

S


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Summary

Cybernetics as a way to handle complex systems

Comprehensive scientific methodology at IMA/ZLW & IfU

Founder: Norbert Wiener et.al. in the

1940s

No requirements to the type of system

gr.: [kybernts]

helmsmanship

Central principle:

System-oriented approach

Back coupling and circular causality of self-

adjusting systems

History present

Industry 4.0

Cyber Physical Systems

Short innovation cycles

Enhancement of control engineering towards complex and heterogeneous systems

S


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21stCentury

Learning

Paradigms

Life Long

Learning24/7 access to

information

Artificial

Intelligence

Operations

research

Neuro-

sciences

Innovation

Networked,

interdependent

Creativity

Soft Skills

Interdisci-

plinarity

The innovation and development of Cyber-Physical Systems will

require computer scientists and network professionals to work

with experts in various disciplines . This, [], will

revolutionize how universities educate engineers and scientists.[Rajkumar, Cyber-Physical Systems: the next computing revolution, 2010]

Summary

Leading to new models in science and education

In the 2nd industrial revolution,

we have been networking the

resources of power.

In the 4th industrial revolution,we will network the resources of

intelligence.

[S. Jeschke, EuMW, 2013]

Communi-

cation

Cooperation

Language

Skills

Dealing with

Diversity

Biological

inspired systems

Personalized

Adaptive &

flexible

Changing

rolesAbstraction

Dealing with

Uncertainty

Expanding

Literacies

Multiple,

hybrid


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Thank you for your Attention!

Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Sabina Jeschke

Head of Institute Cluster IMA/ZLW & IfU

phone: +49 [email protected]

Co-authored by:

Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Thiele

Research Group Knowledge Engineering

phone: +49 241-80-91168

[email protected]

Markus Kowalski M.Sc.

Research Group Knowledge Engineering

phone: +49 241-80-91186

[email protected]

www.ima-zlw-ifu.rwth-aachen.de


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References

[Alberti, 2011] Elisa Alberti, Smart Mobility Vision ReportDeliverable of the Project Smart Metropolitan Areas Realised

Through Innovation & People, 2011

[BMI, 2011] Federal Ministry of the Interior, Demography Report - Federal Government Report on the Demographic

Situation and Future Development of Germany, Rostock, 2011.

[Gleich, 2010] Gleich et al., PricewaterhouseCoopers AG Wirtschaftsprfungsgesellschaft, European Business School

Geschftsmodellinnovationen - Neue Wege am Markt beschreiten, 2010.

[Grimme, 2012] Grimme-Institut, Gesellschaftg fr Medien, Bildung und Kultur, Im Blickpunkt: Crowd Sourcing

Marl, 2012.

[Malone, 2013] Thomas W. Malone, MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, The future of work: How can we create more

intelligent organizations? 2013.

[ISI, 2006] Steffen Kinkel, Gunther Lay, Fraunhofer Institut System- und InnovationsforschungTechnologietrendsinder Produktion, Karlsruhe, 2006.

[PTIDES] http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/Data/101935.html; last visited on 22thFebruary 2013

[WBCSD, 2010] World Business Council for Sustainable Development; Vision 2050 Neue Agenda fr Unternehmen,

2010.

[Weller, 2013] Ingo Weller, Digitalisierung und Vernetzung: Chancen und Potentiale fr Mitarbeiter und Human Resource

Management, Presentation at the conference Mnchener Kreis - Fachtagung Oktober 2013

Mnchen, 2013.

[VDI, 2011] Wolfgang Luther et al., VDI Technologiezentrum, Nanotechnologie in der Natur Bionik im BetriebDsseldorf, 2011.

[VDI, 2012] VDI Positionspapier, Zukunft der Bionik - Interdisziplinre Forschung strken und Innovationspotenziale

nutzen, 2012.

[Z_punkt] Z_punktThe foresight company, MEGATRENDS update.

Scientific challenges and achievements


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IOTCPS


Two worlds coming together

Physical world

InternetManufacturing process

Material behavior Service-oriented

Things

SemanticsUnique Identifier

Embedded Systems

Simulation

Automation

Cyber-physical Digital world

Closed Systemcontrollable and partly predictable by simulation

Open Systemdifficult to control or to predict system behavior



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IOTCPS


Two worlds coming together

Closed Systemcontrollable and partly predictable by simulation

Open Systemdifficult to control or to predict system behavior

!Timed communication and

information exchange

! Well-known and controlledinteraction between participants

! Time delayed communication

! Interaction between unknownparticipants

!Dynamic

(continuously changing)!Static

(changes are controlled)

Beyond traditional technical systems:Systems of distributed intelligence

VS

Summary


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Summary

Research on an Interdisciplinary Sandwich with Changing Paradigms

IOTCPS

Physical world Cyber-physical Digital world

SchedulabilityReactivity

Diagram adopted from R. Alur, Uni. Penn

Semantic technologies -

representing the field

of artificial intelligence

information integration

Communication technology

bandwidth andcomputational power

Embedded systems

miniaturization

Material

beyond nature

Time Concepts in

Computer

Sciences

Living with

Uncertainty

Bottom up vs.

Top downBionic Principles

@ ABB

Summary


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Summary

Challenges of Cybernetics

!Cybernetics - Management of UncertaintyHandling of uncertainties resulting from internal processes, changing environment and highly

time-dependent processes is a core issue in organizational and system design.

Experimental approach

1. Starting experiments,

2. Tight result sensorics,

3. If necessary: fast re-adjusting

on the way to a learning system

Analysis of interdependencies

Multiple recurrence levels

Iterative feedback loops

Self-regulation

Renunciation from a master plan

Enabling culture!

Culture of fault tolerance!

Digital Natives change the world


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5th March 2014

4.0

changes

http://androidworld.nl/ http://www.smartplanet.com/

http://www.moviegod.de/http://www.hoerbuecher-

blog.de/

how we

communicate with

our environment.

http://www.moviepilot.de/http://www.visori3d.com/

http://www.moviepilot.de/ http://tecnoblogtic.wordpress.com/

how we perceive

our environment.

http://www.forbes.com/

http://www.mercedes-benz.com/

how we (and

our environment)

move.

http://www.imcdb.org/

http://hqwallpapers.org/

how we shape

our environment.

http://www.zeitnews.de/

http://www.ingenieur.de/

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/

http://lava360.com/

Digital Natives change the world

Today, science fictiontomorrow reality?

society 4 0 kit 5march2014

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