society understanding its foundations and its complexities
TRANSCRIPT
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SOCIETY
UNDERSTANDING ITS FOUNDATIONS AND ITS
COMPLEXITIES
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1. CULTURE
• Material• Non-Material
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2. NORMS
The Social Behaviors we most commonly expect to
encounter
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LEVELS OF NORMS
1) Morés2) Customs3) Folkways
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NEGATIVE RESPONSES FOR FAILURE TO CONFORM TO
NORMS
•Sanctions•Stigma
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SOCIETIES ARE DIVERSE
Encounters between diverse social groups lead to social
responses that may be positive or negative in their
impact
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CULTURE SHOCK
Encountering Behavior so different from the norm it is
difficult to understand or accept
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CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Analysis in which judgment emerges finding behavior that is acceptable in one
society may not be acceptable in others
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ETHNOCENTRIC COMPARISON AND JUDGMENT
Comparing cultures using one’s own culture as the standard for comparison
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BLAME ANALYSISA Product of Culture Shock, Relativism and Ethnocentric
Judgment
Blaming Those Who are Visible and Different
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All of the Preceding are essential to understanding
the Development of Society, and understanding
processes ofSocialization
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SOCIALIZATION
The process(es) of learning to be a member of society;
a social performer
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THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
• Lifelong• Complex
• Product of Numerous and Diverse Variables
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VARIABLES OF THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
1.INDIVIDUAL2.AGENCY
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INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS OF SELF
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• Gender• Age• Race
• Ethnicity• Unique Individual
Experience
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AGENCY
Structural Forces with Authority and Power
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•LAW ENFORCEMENT•FAMILY
•EDUCATION SYSTEM•LAW – GOVERNMENT / DMV•CORPORATE STRUCTURES
•MASS MEDIA•RELIGION
•HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
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STRATIFICATION – DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO MEASURABLE
LAYERS
•CLASS
•STATUS
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STRATIFICATION AND CLASS
The Measurable Division of Society
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Two Primary Questions to Address:
• Why does stratification occur?
• How does stratification occur?
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SOCIO-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Slavery
• Caste
• Estate System
• Social Class System
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ECONOMICALLY BASEDSOCIAL CLASS
POSITION WITHIN THE SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM IS:
• FLUID• ACHIEVED• ECONOMICALLY BASED• LARGE SCALE AND IMPERSONAL
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THE REALITY OF SOCIAL CLASS
CLASS DIVISIONS ARE REAL, ARE POWERFUL IN THEIR SOCIAL IMPACT, AND ARE MEASURED BY:
1. INCOME2. PERSONAL WEALTH
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DIVISION BY INCOME
INCOME CHANGE SINCE 1999:
1. WEALTHIEST 1% SAW INCOME RISE AVG. OF 9%
2. BOTTOM 20% SAW INCOME DECLINE 2.5%3. MIDDLE 20% SAW INCOME RISE 1.3%
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DIVISION BY INCOME
INCOME GAP SINCE 1999:
1. TOP 20% EARNED 7x THAT OF POOREST 20%
2. WEALTHIEST EXPERIENCING INCOME GROWTH AT DOUBLE THAT OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
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DIVISION BY INCOME
1. TOP 1% EARNED 21.2% OF INCOME (1/100 EARNED 1/5 OF INCOME)
2. TOP 10% EARNED 46.44% OF INCOME
3. BOTTOM 50% EARNED 12.83% OF INCOME
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DIVISION OF WEALTH
• DATA TAKEN FROM FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD
• CONCENTRATION OF WEALTH AMONG A SMALL NUMBER OF FAMILIES
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SOCIAL MOBILITY
1. VERTICAL MOVEMENT IS ANTICIPATED AND EXPECTED
2. INTRAGENERATIONAL3. INTERGENERATIONAL
• MOVEMENT IS BASED ON STRUCTURE AND EXCHANGE
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THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVESON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
• Conflict Theory – Economically Based; Class System Dominates Based on Control Systems
• Functional Theory – Based on Social Imbalance, beginning with Industrialization
• Symbolic Interaction Theory – Based on and Perpetuated by Perceivable Differences; Weber introduces concept of Status as Mitigator of Power of Social Class