Socio-economic deprivation index of the Czech Republic - construction

Tomášková HanaŠlachtová HanaPolaufová PavlaŠplíchalová Anna

Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Czech Republic

This study was realized within the Project Nr. NR 8480-3 funded by the Czech Ministry of Health - Construction of Socio-economic Deprivation Indices for Analysis of Routinely Collected data on Health Status of Population with the Possibility of Using the GIS

NRL for GI S in Public HealthNRL for GI S in Public Health

Final set of factors for the construction of index:

Material factors - ownership of accommodation (including recreational), car, phone and density of housing; Social factors - proportion of basic education, unemployed and singles (men, women).

Two methods were used for creating the deprivation index based on:

1/ Townsend index that was calculated as a sum of Z-scores of specific factors (INDEX1).

2/ MATDEP and SOCDEP that use standardized score (INDEX2).

Methods for analysis and presentation of data:

•Pearsons correlation coefficient was applied for analysis of relationship between indices.

•Software Stata v. 9

•The GIS (Geographical Information System – software ArcView v. 9.0) was used for presentation of enumeration districts deprivation.

The deprivation indices were firstly constructed on the Moravian region census enumeration districts level.

FactorNumber

of EDMean

(X)

Standard deviation

(s)Min. Max.

MF1 – other than family

houses (%)4 840 65.78 36.27 0 100

MF2 - dwelling area (m2) 4 839 17.88 3.72 4 49

MF3 - no car (%) 4 840 49.67 12.40 0 100

MF4 - no phone (%) 4 840 24.91 11.48 0 100

MF5 - no weekend cottage (%) 4 840 82.95 14.25 0.84 100

SF1 - unemployment (%) 4 901 15.93 9.34 0 100

SF2F - single women (%) 4 899 54.28 8.60 0 100

SF2M – single men (%) 4 889 52.16 8.16 0 100

SF3 – basic education (%) 4 903 26.50 9.67 0 98.1

Table - Basic characteristics of selected factors on ED level

INDEX1 Z-score is based on individual observations (X), arithmetic mean of all observations (X) and standard deviation (s). The calculation of Z-score is based on formula

and creation of INDEX1 is based on formula:

s

XXZ

25.14

95.82

48.11

91.24

40.12

67.49

72.3

88.17

27.36

78.651 54321 MFMFMFMFMF

INDEX

67.9

50.26

16.8

16.52

60.8

28.54

34.9

93.15 3221

SFSFSFSF MŽ

Positive/negative value of Z-score indicates that the observation is higher/lower than average value.

INDEX1 measures both affluence and deprivation.

INDEX2 This index was constructed using method MATDEP and SOCDEP index. The values of specific factors for each enumeration district were divided by maximum value of all ED for specific factor. INDEX2 was prepared separately for material deprivation (INDEX2mat)

and for social deprivation (INDEX2soc).

These sub-indices were based on corresponding material and social factors. The resulting INDEX2 was sum of these two sub-indices.

100100100)

491(

1002 54321 MFMFMFMFMFmatINDEX

1.981001001002 3221 SFSFSFSFsocINDEX MŽ

socINDEXmatINDEXINDEX 222

-20

-10

010

2030

2 4 6 8INDEX2

INDEX1 Fitted values

Relationship between INDEX1 and INDEX2

Regression and correlation analysis was used for the analysis of relationship between indices. Correlation was high, especially between INDEX1 and INDEX2 (r = 0.95)

INDEX1 INDEX2 INDEX2mat

INDEX1 1.00

INDEX2 0.95 1.00

INDEX2mat 0.82 0.95 1.00

INDEX2soc 0.90 0.77 0.53

Table - Correlation matrix - ED (n = 4838)

INDEX1 = 7.37 INDEX2 - 32.11r = 0.9544

Verification of indices

The Moravian region is determined by the districts: Bruntal, Frydek-Mistek, Novy Jicin, Karvina, Opava, Ostrava and Karvina - 6.9% of the territory of the Czech Republic

Districts INDEX1 INDEX2

Bruntál, Karvina, Ostrava 0.53 – 1.80 4.50 – 4.52

Novy Jicin, Frydek-Mistek, Opava -1.79 – -0.50 4.08 – 4.24

Bruntal – isolated mountain areaOstrava and Karvina - slow-down in coal mining and heavy industry Frydek-Místek - rapid progress in building of new housing Opava and Novy Jicin – the best situation

Conclusion

• Analysis of indices' values of the Moravian districts showed that these indices were able to give the real information of the study areas' socio-economic deprivation. Of course the indices have some limitations. The most serious is actuality of indices in the period beetween census.

• Correlation between both indices was high (r = 0.95). INDEX1 provides the information on level of deprivation in more detail.

• In the next phases both indices (INDEX1, INDEX2) and two their sub-indices (INDEX2mat, INDEX2soc) were calculated on the all districts of the Czech Republic and used for analysis of association between socio-economic deprivation and selected health indicators.

Thank you for your attention !!!