sociology unit 1 sociological perspective vocabulary
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Sociology Unit 1
Sociological Perspective Vocabulary
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Sociology
• Definition: – Social science that studies human society and
social behavior.
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Social Interaction
• Definition: – How people relate to one another and influence
each other’s behavior.
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Society
• Definition: – A group of mutually interdependent people who
have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and have a feeling of unity.
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Sociological Perspective
• Definition: – A viewing of the behavior of groups in systematic
ways.
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Social Sciences
• Definition: – Related disciplines that study various aspects of
human social behavior.
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Class Conflict
• Definition:– Conflict between entire classes over the
distribution of a society’s wealth and power.
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Auguste Comte
• Definition: – Considered the father of sociology. He proposed
using the scientific method to study society.
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Herbert Spencer
• Definition:– Used Darwin’s theory of evolution to describe the
nature of society. He believed the best aspects of society, and the fittest societies, would survive over time (“survival of the fittest”).
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Karl Marx
• Definition: – German sociologist who believed that the
structure of society is influenced by how its economy is organized. He felt that conflict is the primary cause of social change.
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Emile Durkheim
• Definition:• French sociologist interested in the functions of
different elements of society in maintaining social order
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Max Weber
• Definition– German sociologist interested in groups within
society and the effect of society on the individual.
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positivism
• Definition: – Used by Auguste Comte, it is the idea of applying
the scientific method to the social world.
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Structural-functional approach
• Definition: – A framework for building theory that sees society
as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
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Social-conflict approach
• Definition: – A framework for building theory that sees society
as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change.
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Symbolic-interaction approach
• Definition: – A framework for building theory that sees society
as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
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Gender-conflict approach
• Definition: – A point of view that focuses on inequality and
conflict between men and women
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Race-conflict approach
• Definition: – A point of view that focuses on inequality and
conflict between people of different racial and ethnic categories.