PROKARYOTE vs EUKARYOTE4A compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Place the following in the appropriate spots in the Venn diagram Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles Ribosomes

DNA Cytoplasm Plasma membrane

Prokaryote Eukaryote

BIOMOLECULES : 9A compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Place the following into the correct box.Copy name and function onto your worksheet after your teacher has checked all your cards

1. Nucleic acids 2. Chain of monosaccarides(CH2O)n

3. Lipids

4. Protein5. Chain of nucleotides

Five carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

6. Peptide bond

7. Chain of Amino acids

Amino group, carboxyl group, central carbon, R-side chain

8. Structure, enzymatic catalysis, transport, storage, defense

Milk, eggs, fish

9. No bond;Polar head, non-polar tail

10. Glycosidic linkage11. No chain; Amphipathic

orientation (polar vs nonpolar)

12. Genetic information, code for making protein; Sequence of bases determines code, ATUCG

Deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid

13. Cell membrane, energy storage, signaling

Fat, hormones, cholesterol14. Phosphodiester bond

15. Structure, energy storage

Sugar, glucose, starch, cellulose

16. Carbohydrates

# _____________________________________ # _____________________________________

# _____________________________________ # _____________________________________

ENZYMES 9C identify and investigate the role of enzymes

True or False_____1. All enzymes are proteins_____2. Enzymes make chemical reactions in the body work faster_____3. Enzymes lower activation energy, so the reaction needs less energy to

perform_____4. Enzymes are reusable_____5. Enzymes can break molecules down (catabolism)_____6. Enzymes can build molecules (anabolism)

_____7. This is an example of an enzyme at work_____8. Enzymes only work on specific substrate that have the right “key”

Mini-Lab: Enzymes at work (10 minutes)Catalase in an enzyme found in peroxisomes that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (which can cause cellular or tissue damage) to water and oxygen. The formation of bubbles is a positive result.

Add hydrogen peroxide to potato juice. Add hydrogen peroxide to liver juice. Draw what you see on the test tubes below.

Which shows an enzymatic reaction to hydrogen peroxide? ____________________________________

Why did it not work on the other juice?

potato juice liver juice

TYPES OF TRANSPORT ACROSS SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANES 4 B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, transport of moleculesQuestions:

1. What is homeostasis? 2. How does the semi-permeable cell membrane help to maintain homeostasis?

Identify the process as osmosis, diffusion, active transport or facilitated diffusion. Then write the numbers of the activities below that describe the process.

Name of process _______________________

# _______________________

Name of Process _____________________

# _______________________

Name of Process _____________________

# _______________________

Name of process ________________________

# _______________________

1. Moves from high concentration to low concentration

2. Moves ions from low concentration to high concentration

3. Uses energy 4. Movement of specific molecules via carrier or transport proteins

5. Movement of small, lipid-soluble molecules

6. Movement of specific molecules via protein carriers or pumps

7. Moves water from high concentration to low concentration

8. Moves ions from high concentration to low concentration

9. Movement of water 10. Moves ions from high concentration to low concentration

= water = ion = energy = protein

TONICITY 4 B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, transport of molecules

Define the following type of solution environments:1. Hypertonic:

2. Hypotonic:

3. Isotonic:

Identify each picture as a cell in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic environment.

Mini-Lab: RaisinsHypothesize the type of environment each solution represents and explain why:

Saltwater =

Sugar water=

Distilled water =

Day 1:

Find the mass of 3 raisins. Place 1 raisin in saltwaterPlace 1 raisin in sugar waterPlace 1 raisin in distilled water

Day 2: Find the mass of the 3 raisinsPlot the masses on a graph at 0 Hours and 24 hoursIdentify the type of environment represented by saltwater, sugar water, distilled water.

Raisins Mini-lab results here

Mass of raisin (g)

0 24Time Hours

After Lab: Describe the environment. Explain your reasoning.

Saltwater =

Sugar water=

Distilled water =

CELL RESPIRATION VS PHOTOSYNTHESIS9B compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of energy and matter

In saltwater

In sugar water

In distilled water

4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including energy conversions

PHOTOSYNTHESIS Mitochondria

Chloroplast Produce sugars and oxygen

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O Produce carbon dioxide and water

6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Plants

Animals Plants

Glucose sugar combusts with oxygen Carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy

Carbon dioxide + water + solar energy Sunlight reacts carbon dioxide and water

CELL RESPIRATION

CELLULAR ORGANELLES: meeting the needs or prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells for 4-4.3 billion years

Instructions: Match possible candidate organelles from an employment pool to a possible “job”. Jobs may not be available to all organelles. If no job is available, write” N/A”

Chloroplasts: Job # ________Cytoplasm: Job # _______Cytoskeleton: Job # _______Golgi apparatus: Job # ________Lysosome: Job # ________

Mitochondria: Job # ________Nucleus: Job # ________Ribosome: Job # ________Vacuole: Job # ________

JOB # 1

Looking for a great opportunity to lead? Do you enjoy making decisions for others and directing projects? We are seeking a full managerial position as a control center for the cell. Should have experience in reading and de-coding DNA.

JOB # 2

Enjoy working with your hands and building something that matters? Can you read and follow instructions to build the right product for the right job? Then join our team and build something great. Positions available at the RER as well as free agencies within the cytoplasm.

JOB # 3

Looking for personnel familiar with combustion processes involved in energy production. We have a long history of a great symbiotic relationship with the cell and want to maintain that working relationship. Must be willing to work long hours to provide energy for the everyday needs of our customers.

JOB # 4

Custodial crew needed to help maintain a functional and efficient office. Your job will be to help break down old parts for recycling and removal of foreign objects from the building. Must provide your own digestive enzymes.

JOB # 5

Are you strong? Are you tough? Do you have cellulose? Well come along and be our own special cell body guard. You can find us in plants, Algae, Bacteria, Fungi and some Archaea, any of these company offices will welcome you to the job but unfortunately this won’t be available in animal cells.

JOB # 6

Needed: shipping personnel in a fast paced and busy city. Job duties: modify, package, and apply address labels to products for shipping. Offices are modularly stacked to expedite shipping.

CELLS vs VIRUSES

4C compare the structures of viruses to cells, describe viral reproduction, and describe the role of viruses in causing diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza

INFECTIONS: BACTERIA or VIRUSIdentify which infections below could be treated with an antiviral (AV) and which would be treated with an antibiotic (AB).

_____1. Botulism_____2. Chicken pox_____3. Cholera_____4. Common cold_____5. Heliobacter

pylori

_____6. Herpes_____7. HIV/ AIDS_____8. HPV_____9. Influenza_____10. Measles_____11. Plague

_____12. Rabies_____13. salmonella_____14. Smallpox_____15. Strep throat_____16. Tuberculosis

What is a vaccine? Which from the list above have vaccines available for prevention?

TRUE OR FALSE_____1. Most bacteria are harmless, and some are beneficial (ex. L. acidophilus and

E. coli that help aid in human digestion)._____2. Most viruses do cause disease_____3. Viruses are not specific about the cells they attack_____4. All viruses eventually enter a lytic stage and burst in order to spread.

STRUCTURES and PROCESSES Plasma membrane Capsid Genetic material Ribosomes Replication Growth and

development

Response to stimuli Evolution Cell cycle Mitosis/ Meiosis/

Binary fission Copying

mechanism

Lysogenic cycle Lytic cycle Requires host cell

CELLS Both VIRUSES

VIRAL REPLICATION

Place events in viral replication in the correct or, 1- 5______a) Assembly – Cellular activity of the host cell help assemble new viruses until

the host cell is filled with new viruses. ______b) Attachment – A virus comes attaches to host cell (lock and key

attachement)______c) Entry –DNA or RNA is injected into host cell. ______d) Release – When assembling is complete, the virus particles release enzymes

that digest the host cell wall. The new virus particles released go to infect new cells where the cycle is repeated.

______e) Replication – When inside a cell, the virus takes over and instructs the host cell to make more viral DNA and proteins

Lytic or Lysogenic?

_____________________: when the virus releases its DNA, the cell is tricked into making new viruses and dies after the new viruses burst out. The cell dies and there are new viruses made in the process.

_____________________: the viral DNA becomes part of the original DNA, and the cell lives and reproduces with the viral DNA.

Draw and label the stages of the lytic cycle

Draw and label the stages of the lysogenic cycle

CELLULAR REPRODUCTION

MITOSIS: the M phaseThe drawings A-E show stages of mitosis in an plant cell.

Which of the drawings A -E shows

_____1._____2. prophase _____3. metaphase _____4. anaphase

_____5. telophase _____6. cytokinesis

Identify the cells (by number) in the onion root tip which are in the following stages of mitosis:

_____1. Interphase_____2. Prophase_____3. Metaphase

_____4. Anaphase_____5. Telophase

Mini-lab: Draw and identify the stages shown at each microscope lab station. Explain what is occurring during the stage. Determine the kingdom of the organism shown.

DNA REPLICATION: the S phaseWrite the base sequence for a DNA strand that would complement the DNA strand below.

1. 3’ A A T T C G C C G G T A T T A G A C G T T 5’

2. 3’ T A T C C C G G A G A G G T C C A A T G C 5’

3. 3’ A T C G G G G A A T T A C C C G T T A A 5’

4. 3’ T A C T C G G G G C G C A T C C A A G A G 5’

5. 3’ T A C G A T C G A T A G C T A G C T A G C 5’

6. 3’ T A C A C G T A T C T T G G C T A G C T A 5’

Explain what is occurring in the diagram above. Be specific and use proper terminology. Minimum 10 sentences.

5A describe the stages of the cell cycle, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication and mitosis, and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms

CELL CYCLEDIRECTIONS: Use the phases below to label the cell cycle diagram on the right. Then, place the number for each event listed in the appropriate phase of the diagram.

Interphase M phase G1 S

G2 Prophase Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Cytokinesis

CELL EVENTS:1. the cellular organelles and cytoplasm, including important proteins

and other biomolecules, are duplicated2. DNA is replicated3. Double checking that no errors have been made during DNA

replication4. Time between mitotic division where cell grows and develops in

preparation of the next cell division5. DNA molecules progressively shorten and condense by coiling, to

form chromosomes. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus are no longer visible

6. spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the the chromosomes at the equatorial plate

7. The spindle fibres shorten and the centromere splits, separated sister chromatids are pulled along behind the centromeres.

8. The chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles. Nuclear envelope reform before the chromosomes uncoil. The spindle fibres disintegrate

9. It is the process of splitting the daughter cells apart. A furrow forms and the cell is pinched in two. Each daughter cell contains the same number and same quality of chromosomes.

10. Cellular division

Explain the importance of the cell cycle in terms of growth and repair within organisms.

What condition can develop if the cell cycle regulation checkpoints fail to control cell growth? _______________________________

How does this condition cause problems for the organism?