soft 2004 overview of cryogenic technology for the thermonuclear fusion p. dauguet, m. bonneton, p....
TRANSCRIPT
SOFT 2004
OVERVIEW OF CRYOGENIC TECHNOLOGY FOR THE THERMONUCLEAR FUSION
P. DAUGUET, M . BONNETON, P. BRIEND, F. DELCAYRE, B . HILBERT, A . RAVEX
Air Liquide – Advanced Technology Division – France
Paper Summary
• Needs of the Thermonuclear Fusion programs in terms of Cryogenics
• Example : KSTAR cryogenic system prestudy
• Pictures of cryogenic equipments for Thermonuclear Fusion programs : IPR (India)
Needs of the Thermonuclear Fusion programs in terms of Cryogenics
• Cooling power at different temperatures for :
• Thermal shields : 80 K
• Superconducting Magnets : 4,5 K
• Cryopumps : 3,8 K
• Storage systems (LN2, LHe)
• Distribution systems (valves boxes, vacuum insulated transfer lines)
• Cryopumps
Example list
PROJECT Date Type of material / studies
ITER 1993-1994 Design study of Cryopump prototype’s testing on HELITEX facility at KFK
NET TEAM (ITER) 1997-1999 Design, manufacturing, installation and testing of prototype cryopump
FZK (ITER) 1999-2000 Test facility (cryostat) for cryopump model test
IPR (SST-1 TOKAMAK) 1998-2002 Design, manufacturing, installation and testing of refrigeration system (650 W at 4.5 K + 200 l/h)
W7-X 1996-1997 Preliminary study of the cryogenic system
KBSI (KSTAR) 1999 Preliminary study of the cryogenic system
W7X 2002 Preliminary study of the thermal shields
KBSI (KSTAR) 2002-2003 Engineering Design of the thermal shields
IPR (NBI of STT-1) 2002-2003 Design, manufacturing and installation of refrigeration system for Neutral beam injector (NBI) 110 W at 3,8 K.
KBSI (KSTAR) 2003-2004 Engineering Design of the cryogenic system
CEA (ITER) 2003-2004 Helium Refrigerators operating scenario study
ExampleKSTAR Cryogenic System Prestudy
KSTAR Cryogenic System Operating modesNormal operating modes
•Idle (14 hrs/day)
• Ramp (1hr/day)
• Shot / Stand-by (8 hrs/day)
• De-Ramp (1hr/day)
• Idle (14 hrs/day)• Baking mode (1/week)
00 08 09 17 18 24
TF
Co
il C
urr
ent
(kA
)
Plasma Experiments35
-35
0
70 sec shot per 20 minutes350 sec shot per 1 hour
• Idle Mode (18 ~ 08) • Operational State (09 ~ 17)
Process Cryogenic system diagram
Gas Storage
Cold Box
Distribution Valve Box
Compression Station
Liquid Helium Storage
Transfer lines
Oil removal system
Process Total refrigeration power vs Operating mode
Operating mode Shot/stand-by
Idle Ramp/ Deramp
Thermal Shields 18 kW 18 kW 18 kW
Isothermal Refrigeration@ 4.4K
5.5 kW 2.6 kW 4.8 kW
Liquid Helium to Current Leads
23 g.s-1 19 g.s-1 20 g.s-1
Total [email protected]=(dH–T0dS) 4.5/300
9 kW 5.7 kW 8 kW
Time/day 8 hrs/day 14 hrs/day 2 hrs/day
Process Refrigerator Design Mode
Operating mode Shot/stand-by Idle
Total Ref. Power 7 kW 7 kW
Liquid Helium production
2 g.s-1 32 g.s-1
% Refrigeration 97 % 54%
Liquid Helium to Current Leads
23 g.s-1 19 g.s-1
Liquid Helium storage
-21 g.s-1 +13g. s-1
(+5000 liter/day)
Process Helium Balance
Gas Storage
Cold Box
Distribution Box
Compressor Station
LHe Storage +/- 5000 liters
Transfer lines
To C.L.
Shot/stand-by mode
Refrigeration
ProcessPFD
Cold box components :
• HX 12 sections / 3 blocks
• LN2 precooler
• 6 cryogenic Turbo-expanders
• Cold adsorbers (80K / 20 K)
T1
ProcessPFD 300K-20K
HPMPLP
300K
80K
55K
22K
HX01
HX04
HX06
HX08
T1
T2
T3
T4
80K Adsorber
LN2 Precooler
ProcessPFD 20K-4.4K HPMPLP
HX09
HX10
HX12
LHe Storage
12K
22K
4.5K
Thermal damper 4.4K
20K Adsorber
To Current leads
To / from S.C. Bus
T5
T6
HEAT LOADS :
•TF, PF, CS coils /struct.
•DB : circulators, valves, piping
•Transfer lines
Overall Cryogenic System
COLD BOX
DISTRIBUTION BOX CRYOSTAT
CURRENTLEADS
• Thermal damper, • Heat exchangers, • Circulators,• Valves.
• Cycle heat exchangers,• Expansion turbines,• Adsorbers,• Valves.
LIQUID HELIUM DEWAR
COMPRESSION STATION
BUFFER CAPACITY
• Cycle compressors,• Oil removal system,• Control valves.
HELIUM INVENTORYMANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Compressor,• Balloon,• Purifier,• Helium gas storage.
Pure heliumImpure helium
Vacuum insulatedtransfer line
TL1
TL3
TL2
TL
TL4
Pictures of cryogenic equipments for Thermonuclear Fusion programs :
IPR (INDIA)
Compressors Cold box
Purifier, cryogenic lines and dewar 2500L
Valve box of Tokamak
PHOTO SHOW
Conclusion
As partners to fusion programs
Cryogenic industries provide :– Feasability studies and,
– Equipments
like :– N2 and He refrigerators
– Storage and distribution systems
– Cryopumps …