soft channel
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Nokia Siemens Networks
GSM/EDGE BSS, rel.
RG10(BSS), operatingdocumentation, issue 06
Feature description
Soft Channel Capacity in BSC
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the
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f Important Notice on Product SafetyElevated voltages are inevitably present at specific points in this electrical equipment.
Some of the parts may also have elevated operating temperatures.
Non-observance of these conditions and the safety instructions can result in personal
injury or in property damage.
Therefore, only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.
The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected
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In elektrischen Anlagen stehen zwangslufig bestimmte Teile der Gerte unter Span-
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zungen und Sachschden fhren.
Deshalb wird vorausgesetzt, dass nur geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal die
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Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Angeschlossene
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Table of ContentsThis document has 19 pages.
Summary of changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1 Overview of Soft Channel Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Requirements for Soft Channel Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Technical description of Soft Channel Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1 BSC radio network configuration with Soft Channel Capacity. . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Radio channel allocation with Soft Channel Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Interworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4 User interface of Soft Channel Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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List of FiguresFigure 1 Example of active traffic channel limits per BCSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figure 2 Example of cell capacity assurance algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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List of TablesTable 1 Maximum number of TCHs per BCSU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Table 2 Maximum number of simultaneously active TCHs per BCSU . . . . . . . . 10
Table 3 Number of active TCHs depending on the activation type . . . . . . . . . . 11
Table 4 Soft Channel Capacity interworking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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Soft Channel Capacity in BSC Summary of changes
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Summary of changesChanges between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document
issue contains all changes made to previous issues.
Changes made between issues 5-1 and 5-0
Information on allocation of HR TCH channels for low tariff users has been added to
interworkingin chapterTechnical description of Soft Channel Capacity.
Changes made between issues 5-0 and 4-0
Flexi BSC has been added to tables Maximum number of TCHs per BCSUand
Maximum number of simultaneously active TCHs per BCSUin chapterTechnical
description of Soft Channel Capacity.
Changes made between issues 4-0 and 3-1
Information on radio network recovery has been added to table Soft Channel Capacityinterworkingin chapterTechnical description of Soft Channel Capacity.
Changes made between issues 3-1 and 3-0
Information on Inter-System Direct Access has been removed from Technical descrip-
tion of Soft Channel Capacity in BSC, as it is no longer relevant.
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Overview of Soft Channel Capacity
1 Overview of Soft Channel CapacitySoft Channel Capacity increases the traffic channel (TCH) limit on the BSC2i and
BSC3i platforms. The existing limit of the number of TCHs per BSC is doubled. You can
configure all the radio traffic timeslots of all the half rate (HR) capable TRXs to dual rate
(DR) support. The overall traffic processing capacity of the BSC is not increased. The
traffic processing capacity of the BSC remains on the level defined in the BSC2i and
BSC3i product descriptions.
Soft Channel Capacity is a licence-based application software. Its use is controlled by a
capacity licence based on the number of TRXs. With one TRX licence, you can have
eight additional AMR HR channels. For more information on licensing, see Licence Man-
agement in BSC.
Benefits
With Soft Channel Capacity, you can fully utilise the AMR HR application software in the
existing networks without deploying more BSCs.
Related topics in Overview of Soft Channel Capacity
Requirements for Soft Channel Capacity
Technical description of Soft Channel Capacity
User interface of Soft Channel Capacity
Other related topics
Descriptions
Radio Channel Allocation
Traffic Reason Handover in BSC
RF Power Control and Handover Algorithm
Radio Network Recovery and State Management
GSM-WCDMA Interworking
Common BCCH Control in BSC
Enhanced Speech Codecs: AMR and EFR
Direct Access to Desired Layer/Band
GPRS/EDGE
HSCSD and 14.4 kbit/s Data Services in BSC
Wireless Priority Service
Trunk reservation
Product Description of BSC2i and BSCi High Capacity Base Station Controller Product Description of BSC3i High Capacity Base Station Controller
Instructions
BSS Transmission Configuration
Licence Management in BSC
Reference
Base Station Alarms (70007999)
1 Traffic Measurement
2 Resource Availability Measurement
109 Soft Channel Capacity Measurement
BSS Radio Network Parameter Dictionary
General Error Messages of System
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2 Requirements for Soft Channel Capacity
Software requirements
Soft Channel Capacity requires that AMR HR is in use.
Hardware requirements
Soft Channel Capacity requires BSC2i or BSC3i.
In BSC2, the existing limit on number of traffic channels per BSC is not changed.
TRXSIG capacity
The restrictions set by the TRXSIG capacity are also valid with Soft Channel Capacity.
You should not create more radio channels per TRX than recommended in BSS Trans-
mission Configuration.
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Technical description of Soft Channel Capacity
3 Technical description of Soft Channel
Capacity
3.1 BSC radio network configuration with Soft Channel
Capacity
With Soft Channel Capacity, the maximum number oftraffic channels (TCH) per BSC
signalling unit (BCSU) is doubled. The new numbers are shown in table Maximum
number of TCHs per BCSU.
With these new limits it is possible to configure all radio traffic timeslots to dual rate (DR)
support. Increasing the limits means that more TCHs can be created in the radio network
than are allowed to be activated simultaneously. This is extra TCH capacity.
3.2 Radio channel allocation with Soft Channel Capacity
Maximum number of simultaneously active traffic channels per BCSU
The limits of the number of simultaneously active traffic channels (TCH) per BCSU are
shown in table Maximum number of simultaneously active TCHs per BCSU.
The number of active TCHs per BCSU is maintained in the BSC. The radio resource
management part of the BSC controls the usage of TCHs. If the number of active TCHs
in the BCSU reaches the limit value, it is not possible to activate a new TCH in the TRXs
controlled by that BCSU until an active TCH has been released. Figure Example of
active traffic channel limits per BCSUgives an example of activeTCH limits per BCSU
in BSC2i.
BSC type Number of TCHs in the BCSU
BSC2i 1024
BSC3i 660 1760
BSC3i 1000/2000 3200
Flexi BSC 8000
Table 1 Maximum number of TCHs per BCSU
BSC type Number of simultaneously active
TCHs in the BCSU
BSC2i 512
BSC3i 660 880
BSC3i 1000/2000 1600
Flexi BSC 4000
Table 2 Maximum number of simultaneously active TCHs per BCSU
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Figure 1 Example of active traffic channel limits per BCSU
In the example, it is not possible to allocate a TCH in TRX 1 or in TRX 2. In BCSU 1 the
maximum number of TCHs is already activated. In BCSU 2 all the TCHs are already acti-
vated. It is possible to allocate a TCH only in TRX 3. If TRX 3 happens to be in usealready, it is not possible to allocate a TCH in the cell even if there were free channels
in TRX 1.
The principles of calculating the number of active TCHs are described in table Number
of active TCHs depending on the activation type.
Cell capacity assurance
The cell capacity assurance algorithm ensures that a sufficient number of TCHs can be
activated in each cell of the network at any time even if extra TCH capacity has beencreated in the radio network. This algorithm assures that the minimum number of the
calls that can be set up in each cell of the network at any time is equal to the number of
the created TCH timeslots in the cells, that is, the cell capacity assurance level is 100%.
Figure Example of cell capacity assurance algorithm describes the cell capacity assur-
ance algorithm.
Activation type Number of active TCHs
Full rate single slot CS call 1
Half rate single slot CS call 1
2-timeslot multislot CS data call 2
3-timeslot multislot CS data call 3
4-timeslot multislot CS data call 4
GPRS/EDGE territory timeslot 1
Dynamic SDCCH timeslot 1
CS connection of a DTM call 1
Table 3 Number of active TCHs depending on the activation type
BSC2i
BCSU 1: 600 TCHs created
512 TCHs active
BCSU 2: 500 TCHs created500 TCHs active
TRX 1
BTS 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
BCSU 1
BCSU 3
BCSU 2
BCSU 3: 600 TCHs created450 TCHs active
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Figure 2 Example of cell capacity assurance algorithm
The assured TCH capacity of BTS 1, 2, and 3 together is 18 TCHs. Only 6 TCHs are
currently active in those BTSs. The maximum number of simultaneously active TCHs in
BCSU 1 is 512. Of those, 500 are already active. Therefore, it is not possible to activate
a TCH in TRX 4 of BTS 4. The free resources of BCSU 1 must be saved for BTSs 1, 2,
and 3 to assure sufficient number of calls in each of the BTSs. In BTS 4, it is possible to
allocate a TCH only in TRX 5 at the moment.
3.3 Interworking
The extra TCH capacity created in the radio network has effects on various operating
and application software in the BSC. The effects are described in table Soft Channel
Capacity interworking.
BTS 1: assured capacity6 TCHs2 active TCHs
BTS 2: assured capacity6 TCHs2 active TCHs
BSC2i
BTS 1: assured capacity6 TCHs2 active TCHs
BTS 3: assured capacity6 TCHs2 active TCHs
BCSU 1: 600 TCHs created500 TCHs active
BCSU 2: 500 TCHs created
490 TCHs active
TRX 1
BTS 1
TRX 3
BTS 3BCSU 1
TRX 2
BTS 2
TRX 5
TRX 4
BTS 4BCSU 2
BTS 4: TRX 4 assured TCHcapacity activated
Basic/application software Interworking
Congestion time The BSC starts the congestion time if the number
of idle channels in the BTS drops to zero. If extra
TCH capacity has been created in the BTSs, it is
possible to have the radio channel allocation
attempts rejected because of a lack of traffic
handling capacity in the BCSU even if the conges-
tion time is not shown in the statistics.
Table 4 Soft Channel Capacity interworking
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Intra-BTS handovers because of
GPRS/EDGE or high-speed circuit-
switched data (HSCSD)
Intra-BTS handovers are started for the single-slot
circuit-switched (CS) calls in the BSC to enable
the GPRS/EDGE territory upgrade or the HSCSDupgrade. The BSC starts these handovers based
on the number of idle channels in the BTSs. If
extra TCH capacity has been created in the BTSs,
it is possible to have handover attempts started
and rejected because of a lack of traffic handling
capacity in the BCSU although there are idle
channels in the BTSs.
For more information on GPRS/EDGE and
HSCSD, see EDGE System Feature Description
and HSCSD and 14.4 kbit/s Data Services in
BSC.
GPRS/EDGE margins The GPRS/EDGE territory upgrade and down-
grade decisions are based on the number of idletimeslots in the BTS. If extra TCH capacity has
been created in the BTS, the downgrade margin
does not work optimally. The GPRS/EDGE terri-
tory downgrade caused by the increasing CS
traffic is not started as early as without extra TCH
capacity. The effects can be reduced by setting
the BSC parameters free TSL for CS
upgrade (CSU) and free TSL for CS
downgrade (CSD) to maximum values.
Wireless Priority Service (WPS) WPS is application software in the BSC. The radio
channel allocation for the public (RCAP) algorithm
is based on the traffic load situation in the cell. The
BSC checks the cell resource usage based on theBSC parameters WPS priority capacity
(WPIC) and WPS preference capacity
(WPEC). If extra TCH capacity has been created
in the cell, it is possible that the round robin allo-
cation is invoked too late and no resources are
available for an incoming public user in the cell.
This situation can be avoided by reducing the
values of the WPIC and WPEC parameters and
increasing the value of the BSC parameter
public served count (PSC). The values of
the WPIC and WPEC parameters should be
reduced in relation to the amount of extra TCH
capacity in the network. If the number of TCHshas been doubled in the network, the values of the
parameters should be halved.
For more information, see Wireless Priority
Service under Feature descriptions/Value added
services and BSS Radio Network Parameter Dic-
tionary.
Basic/application software Interworking
Table 4 Soft Channel Capacity interworking (Cont.)
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Directed Retry for a queued WPS
user
The BSC checks the cell resource usage of the
target cells based on the BSC parameters WPS
priority capacity (WPIC) and WPSpreference capacity (WPEC). If extra TCH
capacity has been created in the cell, it is possible
that a Directed Retry handover for a queued WPS
user is started to a cell which actually is congested
and the WPS call setup is interrupted. This situa-
tion can be avoided by reducing the values of the
WPIC and WPEC parameters. The values of these
parameters should be reduced in relation to the
amount of extra TCH capacity in the network. If
the number of TCHs has been doubled in the
network, the values of the parameters should be
halved.
For more information, see Wireless Priority
Service under Feature descriptions/Value added
services and BSS Radio Network Parameter Dic-
tionary.
BSC-initiated Traffic Reason
Handover (BSC-initiated TRHO)
BSC-initiated TRHO is a part of Advanced Multi-
layer Handling application software in the BSC.
The BSC checks the traffic load situation in the
serving cell based on the parameterAMH upper
load threshold (AUT). If the traffic load of the
serving cell exceeds the AUT parameter, the BSC
tries to hand over calls to other, less loaded cells.
If extra TCH capacity has been created in the
serving cell, the handovers are started later than
without extra capacity. It is possible that the cell isalready congested but the handovers are not
started because of the extra TCH capacity. The
effects can be minimised by reducing the value of
the AUT parameter.
The load of the target cell in the BSC TRHO
attempt is checked based on the value of the
parameterAMH max load of target cell
(AML). If the traffic load in the target cell is below
the value of the AML parameter, the call is handed
over to the target cell. The aim is to avoid making
handovers from one congested cell to another. If
extra TCH capacity has been created in the target
cell, the handover can be made to a cell which
already is almost congested. The effects can be
minimised by reducing the value of the AML
parameter. The values of the AUT and AML param-
eters should be reduced in relation to the amount
of extra TCH capacity in the network. If the
number of TCHs has been doubled in the network,
the values of the parameters should be halved.
For more information, see RF Power Control and
Handover Algorithm.
Basic/application software Interworking
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MSC-initiated TRHO The BSC reports the number of idle TCHs in the
cells to the MSC. If extra TCH capacity has been
created in the cell, it is not necessarily possible toallocate all the reported idle channels of a cell
simultaneously. As a consequence, the MSC may
start handovers from one congested cell to
another.
For more information, see Traffic Reason
Handover in BSC.
Direct Access to Desired
Layer/Band (DADL/B)
DADL/B is application software in the BSC. When
DADL/B is activated, the BSC checks the traffic
load situation in the accessed cell based on the
BTS parameterBTS load threshold (BLT).
If the traffic load of the accessed cell exceeds the
value of the BLT parameter, the BSC tries to direct
the call to another layer or band of the network. Ifextra TCH capacity has been created in the
accessed cell, the calls are not directed to another
layer or band as early as without extra TCH
capacity. The effects can be minimised by
reducing the value of the BLT parameter. The
value of the BLT parameter should be reduced in
relation to the amount of extra TCH capacity in the
network. If the number of TCHs has been doubled
in the cell, the value of the parameter should be
halved.
For more information, see Direct Access to
Desired Layer/Band.
Basic/application software Interworking
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Technical description of Soft Channel Capacity
Load distribution between the
BTSs of the segment
The load distribution between different BTSs in a
segment is controlled with the BTS parameter
BTS load in SEG (LSEG). For each call, theBSC checks the resource usage of each BTS of
the target segment based on the LSEG parameter.
The BSC then decides to which BTS the call is
directed. The aim is to keep the load of each BTS
within the limit that the LSEG parameter defines. If
extra TCH capacity has been created in the
segment, the calls are not directed, for example,
to a non-BCCH layer of the segment as early as
without extra TCH capacity. The effects can be
minimised by adjusting the value of the LSEG
parameter. The value of the LSEG parameter
should be reduced in relation to the amount of
extra TCH capacity in the network. If the number
of TCHs has been doubled in the BTS, the valueof the parameter should be halved. However, if
the value of the LSEG parameter has already been
set to a low value (about 10% or lower), there is
not necessarily any need to change the value. In
this case the load distribution between layers in
the segment works well also with the extra TCH
capacity.
For more information on the load distribution
between the BTSs of the segment, see Common
BCCH Control in BSC.
Dynamic SDCCH reconfiguration The last idle TCH timeslot of a cell is not supposed
to be reconfigured to the stand-alone dedicatedcontrol channel (SDCCH). In case of the last idle
TCH timeslot the FACCH call setup is applied.
However, if extra TCH capacity has been created
in the cell, it is possible that the dynamic SDCCH
reconfiguration causes temporary TCH conges-
tion in the cell.
For more information on Dynamic SDCCH, see
chapterDynamic SDCCHin Radio Channel Allo-
cation.
Basic/application software Interworking
Table 4 Soft Channel Capacity interworking (Cont.)
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Related topics
Overview of Soft Channel Capacity
GSM-WCDMA Inter-System
Handover (ISHO)
ISHO from a GSM to a WCDMA RAN cell for
speech calls is started on the basis of the traffic
load in the serving GSM cell. The load in theserving cell is checked with the handover param-
etermin traffic load for speech call
(LTSC). The handover is not started until the load
in the serving cell exceeds the threshold. If extra
TCH capacity has been created in the serving cell,
the handovers to the WCDMA RAN cell are not
started as early as without extra TCH capacity.
The effect can be minimised by reducing the value
of the LTSC parameter. The value of the LTSC
parameter should be reduced in relation to the
amount of extra TCH capacity in the network. I f
the number of TCHs has been doubled in the cell,
the value of the parameter should be halved.
For more information on ISHO, see GSM-
WCDMA Interworking.
Trunk Reservation Trunk Reservation does not work optimally if extra
TCH capacity has been created in the BSC. The
trunk reservation algorithm takes into account all
the created radio interface TCHs. If extra TCH
capacity has been created in the BSC, the trunk
reservation algorithm cannot ensure that there is
always capacity available for the priority user in a
cell.
For more information, see Trunk Reservation.
Radio network recovery In a recovery situation, either al l timeslots of the
TRX are reconfigurated or the user defined traffic
timeslots of the TRX are returned, depending on
the BTS configuration. This means that the
number of TCHs per BCSU can change.
For more information, see Radio Network
Recovery and State Management.
Priority based voice quality without
MMI
Soft Channel capacity does not prevent the use of
TCH/H for a low tariff user.
Basic/application software Interworking
Table 4 Soft Channel Capacity interworking (Cont.)
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User interface of Soft Channel Capacity
4 User interface of Soft Channel Capacity
MML commands
Transceiver Handling(command group ER)With the ERM command, you can modify the full rate (FR) radio timeslots to dual rate
(DR) support.
Base Station Controller Parameter Handling(command group EE)
With the EEI command, you can check the number of real TCHs under BCSUs.
Licence and Feature Handling(command group W7)
With the W7I command, you can check the status of the licence.
With the W7M command, you can modify the status of the licence.
For more information on the command groups and MML commands, see MML com-
mands.
Error codes
SOFT CHANNEL CAPACITY LICENCE EXCEEDED
With this error code, the BSC informs you that the maximum amount of soft channels
in the BSC is exceeded.
AMOUNT OF SOFT CHANNELS IN BSC EXCEEDS AMR HR LICENCE CAPACITY
With this error code, the BSC informs you that there are more soft channels config-
ured in the BSC than the AMR HR licence allows.
SOFT CHANNEL CAPACITY FEATURE IS NOT IN USE IN BSC
With this error code, the BSC informs you that Soft Channel Capacity is not in use
in the BSC.
For more information, see Licence Management in BSCand General Error Messages
of System.
Alarms
7746 CH CONGESTION IN CELL ABOVE DEFINED THRESHOLD
Soft Channel Capacity introduces a field to this alarm.
For a more detailed description of the alarm, see Base Station Alarms (70007999).
Counters
The following counters to Soft Channel Capacity Measurement are introduced:
109000 PEAK BUSY TCH PER BCSU
109001 AVE BUSY TCH PER BCSU
109002 AVE BUSY TCH PER BCSU DENOMINATOR
109003 TOTAL TCH BUSY TIME PER BCSU
Also the following counter is added to Traffic Measurement:
001216 TCH REQ REJ DUE TO LACK OF RES PER BCSU
When Soft Channel Capacity is active and extra TCHs have been created in a cell, it is
possible that a radio channel allocation attempt is rejected because of the lack of BCSU
capacity even if there are free radio TCHs in the cell. In this case, the existing Traffic
Measurement and Resource Availability Measurement counters are updated as if the
radio channel allocation attempt was rejected because of a lack of radio resources. The
following counters are an exception:
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Soft Channel Capacity in BSC User interface of Soft Channel Capacity
Id:0900d8058058fcdb
002026 TOTAL CHANNEL BUSY TIME
002044 FULL RATE radio CONGESTION TIME
002045 HALF RATE radio CONGESTION TIME
These counters do not show congestion time unless all the radio TCHs of the cell havebeen occupied.
For more information, see the following measurements:
1 Traffic Measurement
2 Resource Availability Measurement
109 Soft Channel Capacity Measurement
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