‘soft’ factors that affect accessibility kit mitchell
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT
AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY
Kit Mitchell
![Page 2: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
All over the world, accessible
infrastructure and vehicles are
being introduced
![Page 3: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Footway, Malaysia
![Page 4: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Light controlled crossing with ramps
![Page 5: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ramp access to BRT – Quito, Equador
G. Menckhoff, World Bank
![Page 6: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Low floor bus, Malaysia
![Page 7: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Airport Express, Malaysia
![Page 8: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Delhi Metro
![Page 9: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
But these technical
improvements do not always
bring real improvements in
accessibility, in either
developed or developing
countries
WHY NOT?
![Page 10: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ACCESSIBILITY requires
KNOWLEDGE Information for users
FINANCE Money for fares
CAPABILITY Accessible infrastructure
Accessible vehicles
Accessible information
Trained personnel
Policies for accessibility
CONFIDENCE Reliability
![Page 11: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Above all, accessibility
needs providers to make the
passenger the top priority
![Page 12: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
When we see things that reduce
accessibility, it is not because
people are stupid, or do not care.
It is because accessibility is not
their top priority, or because they
lack knowledge or understanding.
![Page 13: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
MANAGEMENT POLICIES
ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR
BUREAUCRACY
STAFF TRAINING
![Page 14: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES (formal)
- Provide excellent service that
satisfies passenger needs
- Reliable and safe operation
- Profitable, financially responsible
- Satisfies local government aims
- Environmentally responsible
- Secure careers for staff
![Page 15: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MANAGEMENT MOTIVATION
(other than formal objectives)
- Short term reduction of cost
- Lack of funds for investment
- Staff convenience, easy life
- Management convenience
- Prestige, press coverage
- Response to political pressure
![Page 16: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Examples of consequences
Rules excluding disabled passengers ‘For their safety in the event of an emergency’
Provision of token services that have no real value
Failing to provide information in several forms or at all
![Page 17: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ROAD USER BEHAVIOUR
- Illegal use of reserved parking for people with disabilities
- Pavement parking
- Blocking bus stops
- Riding motorcycles or bicycles on footways
![Page 18: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The road is easier than the sidewalk
![Page 19: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pavement parking Viet Nam
![Page 20: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Footway and ramp blocked by parked vehicles
![Page 21: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Lack of enforcement
![Page 22: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Wheelchair forced to use road
![Page 23: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Why do the police allow this
behaviour?
Many reasons, but an important
factor is that they are not
supported by the local politicians.
We have to show economic or
political benefits of enforcement.
![Page 24: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
BUREAUCRACY
No time to inspect condition of
footways, so poor maintenance.
Do not have knowledge to
enforce technical standards.
Lack of continuity where contract
ended or ownership changes.
![Page 25: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Poor maintenance
![Page 26: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kerb ramp less than 70 cm wide
![Page 27: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Ramp blocked by flowerpot
![Page 28: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Lack of continuity of accessible footway at end of footway improvement contract
![Page 29: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pedestrian access to accessible light rail Footpath stops at the property boundary
![Page 30: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
STAFF TRAINING
Staff with the right attitude and
training are the biggest single
contributor to accessibility
- Desire to help passengers
- Disability awareness and skills
- Communication skills
![Page 31: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Disability awareness training
should start with the most senior
managers as they set the culture
of the organisation
Frontline staff need training to
communicate with people with
sensory impairments (hearing,
speech, vision)
![Page 32: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Operating staff need to
understand what causes
problems for passengers
As an example, bus drivers
need to stop close to the kerb
![Page 33: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Failing to stop close to the kerb
![Page 34: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Failing to stop close to the kerb
![Page 35: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
- Stops are often blocked by parked vehicles;
- Stops have railings that prevent passengers boarding and alighting;
- Geometry of stops in laybys makes it impossible for drivers to get close;
- Bus stop shelter roofs overhang kerb.
The reasons bus drivers stop away from the kerb are:
![Page 36: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Making transport easy for people
with disabilities to use makes it
easier for everybody.
Information for those with sensory
impairments helps strangers and
those who do not speak the local
language.
![Page 37: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Inclusive design and operation helps everyone
A pathway for all
![Page 38: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Easier and safer pedestrian
infrastructure means tourists will
not be deterred from visiting and
spending money.
![Page 39: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cruise ship passengers cross a busy
road between the harbour and town
![Page 40: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Providing accessible infrastructure and vehicles is relatively easy. Managerial, organisational and staff motivation problems are
much more difficult
I believe this is increasingly the main challenge we face
![Page 41: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Failing to stop close to the kerb
![Page 44: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Cycling through a bus boarding line
![Page 45: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Cycling through a bus boarding line
![Page 46: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Issues for taxi drivers
‘I can’t see a passenger in a wheelchair hailing me’
‘It hurts my back to push a wheelchair up the ramp’
‘Health and Safety means I can’t handle special equipment’
Training helps skill and motivation
![Page 47: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Motorcycle following a blind pedestrian
![Page 48: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Parking at bus stops
![Page 49: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Accessible metro or BRT surrounded
by inaccessible pedestrian routes
![Page 50: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Kerb ramp blocked by incense burner
![Page 51: ‘SOFT’ FACTORS THAT AFFECT ACCESSIBILITY Kit Mitchell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051401/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e341/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Pedestrian colonnades blocked