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1. What is software ?

Software is often divided into two categories:

systems software : Includes the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function.

applications software : Includes programs that do real work for users. For example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category of applications software.

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/software.html

2. What is open source software ?

Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is available in source code form for which the source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are provided under a software license that permits users to study, change, and improve the software. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software )

3. Give 2 examples of open source software .

a.) Operating system

- LINUX ( July 5 , 2010 ) , (Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers . ) (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux )

- Ubuntu ( April 29 , 2010 ) , (is a computer operating system based on the

Debian GNU/Linux distribution and is distributed as free and open source software with additional proprietary software available. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_(operating_system)

b.) Application software

- GNOME ( September 29 , 2010 ) (a desktop environment , a graphical user interface that runs on top of a computer operating system , composed entirely of free and open source software. It creating software development frameworks, selecting application software for the desktop, and working on the programs that manage application launching, file handling, and window and task management. ) , (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME )

- Openoffice.org ( June 4 , 2010 ) an open-source application suite whose main components are for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, and databases. It is available for a number of different computer operating systems, is distributed as free software and is written using its own GUI toolkit. It supports the ISO/IEC standard Open Document Format (ODF) for data interchange as its default file format, as well as Microsoft Office formats among others. As of November 2009[update], OpenOffice.org supports over 110 languages.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org

c.) Utility program

- AutoHotkey ( September 25 , 2009 ) (a free, open source macro-creation and automation software utility which allows users to automate repetitive tasks. ) , (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoHotkey )

4. What is proprietary software ?

Computer programs that are exclusive property of their developers or publishers, and cannot be copied or distributed without complying with their licensing agreements. Almost all commercial (shrinkwrapped) software is proprietary, but many excellent new programs (such as Apache web server, Linux operating system, and StarOffice office suite) are non-proprietary (and free). (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/proprietary-software.html )

5. Give 1 examples of proprietary software .

a.) Operating system

- Microsoft Windows 7 ( July 22 , 2009 ) , (a version of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs ) , (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7 )

b.) Application software

- Adobe photoshop ( June 30 , 2010 ) , (a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. ) , (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop )

c.) Utility program

- Norton Antivirus ( 31 August 2010 )

developed and distributed by Symantec Corporation, provides malware prevention and removal during a subscription period. It uses signatures and heuristics to identify viruses. Other features include e-mail spam filtering and phishing protection.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_AntiVirus

6. What is operating system ?

An operating system is a program designed to run other programs on a computer. A computers operating system is its most important program. It is considered the backbone of a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners.

The operating system of a large computer system has even more work to do. Such operating systems monitor different programs and users, making sure everything runs smoothly, without interference, despite the fact that numerous devices and programs are used simultaneously. An operating system also has a vital role to play in security. Its job includes preventing unauthorized users from accessing the computer system.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-operating-system.htm

7. What is application software ?

An application program (sometimes shortened to application) is any program designed to perform a specific function directly for the user or, in some cases, for another application program. Examples of application programs include word processors; database programs; Web browsers; development tools; drawing, paint, and image editing programs; and communication programs. Application programs use the services of the computer's operating system and other supporting programs. The formal requests for services and means of communicating with other programs that a programmer uses in writing an application program is called the application program interface (API).

http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid92_gci507192,00.html

8. What is open source operating system ?

Open-source means that you can get the source code of the software for free (source code is the code of the program written in a certain programing language). Operating system is the software that you use to operate your PC (like Windows or Linux) (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_an_open-source_operating_system )

9. What is open source application software ?

An open source application software is something for which the source code is available for download and anybody can modify it and release subsequent versions of the same provided they mention the version of the source using which they modified. (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_open_source_application_software )

10. Explain the latest ICT hardware and software.a) Hardware

Pixma iP2700 photo printer ( February 1 , 2010 )

It promises grain-free printing at resolutions of up to 4800 x 1200 dpi and can print 10 x 15cm borderless photos in approximately 55 seconds. It also includes two software packages to correct underexposed images and for combining sections of web pages into single documents. Printing a 10x15cm borderless photo in approximately 55 seconds, the PIXMA iP2700 uses Canons ChromaLife 100+ system to give enhanced longevity and improved print quality to ensure that images stay vibrant, colourful and fresh-looking for as long as possible.

Photolab-quality print speed: 10X15cm borderless photo in approx. 55 seconds

ISO speed approximately 7.0IPM black, 4.8IPM colour

4800 X 1200dpi, 2pl Photolab-quality

ChromaLife 100+ for long lasting, beautiful photos

Advanced software with Easy-WebPrint EX

Pigment Back Ink for crisp, sharp text

Unique new compact design

http://www.dpreview.com/news/1002/10020102canonip2700.asp

b) Software

Microsoft Office 2010 ( June 15 , 2010 )

A productivity suite for Microsoft Windows and the successor to Microsoft Office 2007. Office 2010 includes extended file format support , user interface updates and a refined user experience. With the introduction of Office 2010, a 64-bit version of Office is available, although not for Windows XP or Windows Server 2003. Office 2010 does not support Windows XP Professional x64 Edition.

On April 15, 2010 , Office 2010 was released to manufacturing, with those Volume Licensing customers who have Software Assurance being able to download the software from April 27, 2010. The suite became available for retail as well as online purchase on June 15, 2010.

Office 2010 marks the debut of free online versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote, which work in popular web browsers (Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Safari, but not Opera). A new edition of Office, Office Starter 2010, replaced the low-end home productivity software, Microsoft Works.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2010

11. What is pervasive computing ?

Pervasive computing is the trend towards increasingly ubiquitous (another name for the movement is ubiquitous computing), connected computing devices in the environment, a trend being brought about by a convergence of advanced electronic - and particularly, wireless - technologies and the Internet. Pervasive computing devices are not personal computers as we tend to think of them, but very tiny - even invisible - devices, either mobile or embedded in almost any type of object imaginable, including cars, tools, appliances, clothing and various consumer goods - all communicating through increasingly interconnected networks.

http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci759337,00.html

12. Examples of pervasive computing

a.) Humancomputer interaction (HCI)

the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. It is often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral sciences, design and several other fields of study. Interaction between users and computers occurs at the user interface (or simply interface), which includes both software and hardware, for example, general-purpose computer peripherals and large-scale mechanical systems, such as aircraft and power plants.

b. )

13. What is hardware ?

Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners.The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals.

http://www.techterms.com/definition/hardware

Conclusion

The improvement of development in ICT not only helps us through by resolve our daily life faster, easier but also have create a paperless enviroment naturally good for our future.

Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so usersare free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified orunmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interactwith computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computerwill grant your wish.