software architecting and rup.pdf -
TRANSCRIPT
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Agenda� Introduction
�Architecture, Architect, Architecting
� Process precedents
�Rational Unified Process
�GS-Method
� RUP and Architecting
�Requirements
�Analysis and design
�Implementation
�Test
�Project management
�Configuration and change management
�Environment
� Summary
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Architecture, Architect, Architecting
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Architecture
� Architecture is the fundamental organization of a system embodied in
its components, their relationships to each other, and to the
environment, and the principles guiding its design and evolution.
[IEEE 1471]
� The software architecture of a program or computing system is the
structure or structures of the system, which comprise software
elements, the externally visible properties of those elements, and the
relationships among them. [Bass]
� [Architecture is] the organizational structure and associated behavior
of a system. An architecture can be recursively decomposed into
parts that interact through interfaces, relationships that connect parts,
and constraints for assembling parts. Parts that interact through
interfaces include classes, components and subsystems. [UML 1.5]
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An architecture defines structure
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An architecture defines behaviour
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An architecture is concerned with significant elements
� The element relates to some critical functionality of the
system
�E.g. monetary transactions
� The element relates to some critical property of the system
�E.g. reliability
� The element relates to a particular architectural challenge
�E.g. external system integration
� The element is associated with a particular technical risk
� The element relates to a capability that is considered to be
unstable
� The element relates to some key element of the solution
�E.g. login mechanism
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An architecture meets stakeholder needs� The end user is concerned with intuitive and correct behavior,
performance, reliability, usability, availability and security
� The system administrator is concerned with intuitive behavior,
administration and tools to aid monitoring
� The marketer is concerned with competitive features, time to market,
positioning with other products, and cost
� The customer is concerned with cost, stability and schedule
� The developer is concerned with clear requirements, and a simple and
consistent design approach
� The project manager is concerned with predictability in the tracking of the
project, schedule, productive use of resources and cost
� The maintainer is concerned with a comprehensible, consistent and
documented design approach, and the ease with which modifications can
be made
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An architecture comes in many forms
Enterprise Architecture
System Architecture
Software
Architecture
Application
Architecture
Technical
Architecture
Hardware
Architecture
Organizational
Architecture
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And …
� An architecture is part of a broader system
� An architecture embodies decisions based on rationale
� An architecture conforms to an architectural style
� An architecture is influenced by its environment
� An architecture influences organizational structure
� An architecture is present in every system
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Architect
� The architect is a technical leader
� The architect understands the software development process
� The architect has knowledge of the business domain
� The architect has technology knowledge
� The architect has design skills
� The architect has programming skills
� The architect is a good communicator
� The architect makes decisions
� The architect is a mentor
� The architect is aware of organizational politics
� The architect is a negotiator
� The architect role may be fulfilled by a team
“The life of a software
architect is a long and
rapid succession of
suboptimal design
decisions taken partly in
the dark.” [Kruchten]
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Architecting
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Architecting
� Architecting is a science
� Architecting is an art
� Architecting spans many disciplines
� Architecting involves many stakeholders
� Architecting is involved in tradeoffs
� Architecting considers reusable assets
� Architecting is both top-down and bottom-up
� Architecting changes emphasis over time
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The benefits of architecting
� Architecting addresses system qualities
� Architecting drives consensus
� Architecting ensures architectural integrity
� Architecting helps manage complexity
� Architecting provides a basis for reuse
� Architecting reduces maintenance costs
� Architecting supports impact analysis
� Architecting supports the planning process
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Documenting a software architecture
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Architecture description – Kruchten 4+1 views
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Architecture description – GS-Method
� Component modeling
� Operational modeling
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Architecture description – Siemens
Conceptual
View
Module
View
Execution
View
Code
View
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Architecture description – RM-ODP
Enterprise
Viewpoint
Information
Viewpoint
Computational
ViewpointEngineering
Viewpoint
Technical
Viewpoint
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Architecture description – Zachman framework
Data Function NetworkPerspectives
Abstractions
ScopePlanner
contextual
Enterprise ModelOwner
conceptual
System ModelDesigner
logical
People Time Motivation
Technology
Constrained ModelBuilder
physical
Detailed
RepresentationsSubcontractor
out-of-context
Functioning
Enterprise
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Agenda� Introduction
�Architecture, Architect, Architecting
� Process precedents
�Rational Unified Process
�GS-Method
� RUP and Architecting
�Requirements
�Analysis and design
�Implementation
�Test
�Project management
�Configuration and change management
�Environment
� Summary
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Process precedents
� Rational Unified Process
�A commercially-available offering (a product)
� GS-Method
�Used by IGS consultants
� Much commonality
�Deployed as web sites
�Fundamental concepts align as defined by the OMG’s Software
Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM)
�Engagement models / configurations for different classes of system
• Custom development, packaged applications, EAI
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IBM Software Group | Rational softwareIBM Software Group | Rational software
Agenda� Introduction
�Architecture, Architect, Architecting
� Process precedents
�Rational Unified Process
�GS-Method
� RUP and Architecting
�Requirements
�Analysis and design
�Implementation
�Test
�Project management
�Configuration and change management
�Environment
� Summary
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Top Ten Architectural Concerns
1. When is the architect first involved in a project?
2. What is the relationship of the architect to other project
roles?
3. What is the architect's role with respect to requirements?
4. What is the scope of an architecture?
5. How is an architecture described?
6. When and how does the architect come up with a first-cut
architecture?
7. How does the architect refine the architecture?
8. How and when does the architect consider reuse?
9. How does the architect enforce architecture integrity?
10.How does the architect know that the architecture is
stable?
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RUP Key Concepts: Disciplines
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RUP Key Concepts: Overview
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RUP Key Concepts: Iterations
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UML Models
� Model
�“A model is a complete description of a system from a particular
perspective” [RUP]
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RUP Disciplines
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Discipline: Requirements
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Workflow Detail: Manage the Scope of the System
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Use-Case Model
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Use Cases – Prioritised
1. Create Auction
2. Place Bid
3. Close Auction
4. Browse Auction Catalog
5. Create Account
6. Sign In
7. Manage Account
8. Sign Out
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Requirements: Architectural Concerns Addressed
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RUP Disciplines
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Discipline: Analysis and Design
AnalysisAnalysisAnalysis
DesignDesignDesign
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Workflow Detail: Perform Architectural Synthesis
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Workflow Detail: Define a Candidate Architecture
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Architectural Analysis – Key Abstractions
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Architectural Analysis – Analysis Mechanisms
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Architectural Analysis – Layers
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Analysis: Architectural Concerns Addressed
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Workflow Detail: Refine the Architecture
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Identify Design Mechanisms
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Identify Design Elements
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Identify Design Elements
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Describe Run-Time Architecture
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Describe Distribution
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Design: Architectural Concerns Addressed
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RUP Disciplines
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Discipline: Implementation
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Workflow Detail: Structure the Implementation Model
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Structure the Implementation Model
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Implementation: Architectural Concerns Addressed
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RUP Disciplines
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Discipline: Environment
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Workflow Detail: Prepare Guidelines for an Iteration
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Environment: Architectural Concerns Addressed
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RUP Disciplines
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Discipline: Test
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Discipline: Deployment
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Discipline: Configuration and Change Management
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Discipline: Project Management
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Summary
� Architectural concerns are addressed by activities from all
disciplines
� Architectural concerns are addressed throughout the project
lifecycle
�The architect’s involvement starts early in the process, during Inception
�Most of the “hard core” architecting occurs during Elaboration
�The architect’s role extends through Construction and Transition
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