Software Management

Linux Software Package File Extensions

Extension File

.rpm Software package created with the Red Hat Software Package Manager, used on Red Hat, Caldera, Mandrake, and SuSE distributions.

Software packages that are source code versions of applications, created with the Red Hat Software Package Manager.

.src.rpm

gzip compressed file (use gunzip to decompress)..gz

Extension File

bzip2 compressed file (use bunzip2 to decompress, also use the j option with tar, as in xvjf).

.bz2

A tar archive file, use tar with xvf to extract..tar

gzip compressed tar archive file. Use gunzip to decompress and tar to extract. Use the z option with tar, as in xvzf to both decompress and extract in one step.

.tar.gz

bzip2 compressed tar archive file. Extract with tar -xvzf..tar.bz2

tar archive file compressed with the compress command..tz

File compressed with the compress command (use the decompress command to decompress).

.Z

Debian Linux package..deb

RPM packages

[alaei@node65 ~]$ rpm -qa | grep vimvim-common-6.3.030-3vim-X11-6.3.030-3vim-minimal-6.3.030-3vim-enhanced-6.3.030-3

[alaei@node65 ~]$ rpm -Uvh emacs-21.2-18.i386.rpm

[root@node65 ~]$ rpm -e totem

upgrade,whether the package is already installed or not

verbose

makes rpm print a progress bar

Compiling Software

[alaei@node65 ~]$ ./configure

[alaei@node65 ~]$ make

[alaei@node65 ~]$ make install

Compilers in linux

gcc

g77 GNU project Fortran 77 compiler

gfortran GNU Fortran 95 compiler

the Intel(R) Fortran Compilerifort

GNU project C and C++ compiler

g95

f77

http://www.g95.org/

library: a collection of generally useful pre-compiled procedures, stored in a file, and arranged so that a linker can extract the ones needed by any particular program.

linker = link editor; a program which takes compiled program fragments and combines them into a complete program, ready for loading.

object file: a file produced by compiling a program or module, containing compressed assembly language ready for linking and loading.

Practical details

Source code, object code, compiling, and linking

#f77 circle.f

#./a.out

#f77 circle.f -o circle.x

#f77 circle1.f circle2.f

#f77 -c circle1.f circle2.f

#f77 circle1.o circle2.o

Using libraries under Unix

#f77 main.f -lblasthe -l option to link it together with your main program

#f77 main.f mysub.f -llapack -lblas

#f77 -c *.f

#ar rcv libmy_lib.a *.o

#ranlib libmy_lib.a

#rm *.o

#f77 main.f -L. -lmy_lib