software (systems and application)
TRANSCRIPT
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Software: Systems and Application Software
Chapter 4
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware.
◦ Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software.
◦ Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of several popular operating systems.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
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Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage.
◦ Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives.
◦ Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
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Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff.
◦ Outline the evolution of programming languages.
The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life.
◦ Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
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Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer
Documentation - describes program functions
Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs
Applications software - helps users solve particular problems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
An Overview of Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Importance of Software in Business
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals
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Operating Systems
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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Perform common hardware functions Provide a user interface Provide hardware independence Manage system memory Manage processing Control access to system resources Manage files
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Operating Systems
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
The Role of the Operating System
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Accept keyboard input Store data on disks Send data to output devices
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Common Hardware Functions
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Command-based interfaces Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
User Interface
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Hardware Independence
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Memory Management
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Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor
Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor
Scalability (Flexibility) - easy adaptation to more users or tasks
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Processing Tasks
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Protection against unauthorized access Logins and passwords
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Access to System Resources
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Netware Windows NT Server 4.0 Windows 2000 Server Unix Red Hat Linux Mac OS X Server
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Workgroup Operating Systems
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IBM’s OS/390 HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive
with integrated POSIX) IBM’s z/OS Linux
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Enterprise Operating Systems
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Windows CE.NET Mobil Linux Windows XP Embedded Handheld PC Pocket PC Palm OS
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Consumer Appliance Operating Systems
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Utility Programs
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Types and Functions of Applications Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Sources of Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software
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Personal Application Software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal and Application Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Personal and Application Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Word Processing
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Spreadsheet Analysis
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Database Applications
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Graphics Programs
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
On-Line Information Systems
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Software Suite
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Major Components of Leading Software Suites
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Groupware Collaborative computing software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Workgroup Application Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Group Scheduling
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Examples of Enterprise Application Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Enterprise Application Software
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors
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Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax
Different languages have different characteristics
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Programming Languages
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Machine language ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange)
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
First-Generation Languages
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Assembly languages Assemblers Symbolic language
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Second-Generation Languages
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Third-Generation Languages
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4GLs Programs tell the CPU the desired results,
not how to get them Examples: SQL, SAS
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Fourth-Generation Languages
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5GLs Uses a visual or graphical development
interface to create source language Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and
Visual C++
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Fifth-Generation Languages
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Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data
Encapsulation - group items into an object
Polymorphism - one procedure can work with multiple objects
Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets attributes of that class
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Programming Languages
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Object-Oriented Programming Languages
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Software bugs Open source software Software licensing Software upgrades Global software support Antitrust issues for software
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Software Issues & Trends
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Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
How to Deal with Software Bugs
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Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware
Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware
Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks
Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity
Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition
Summary