NATURAL RESOURCES

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What are resources?

Any material which is part of earth and satisfy human need and add value is called as resource.

Example:rocks,minerals,soil,,rivers,

plants & animal. Human is a resource because developing his

skill, he can develop other resource by adding value to the physical material .

Value are of 4 kind:

Economic value- production Legal value-clean air,water(quality) Aesthetic value- beauty of

nature(forest,mountain,lake) Ethical value-responsibility to

preserve(natural parks for future)

Types Of Resources

Natural Resources

Human Resources

Man-made Resources

But we discuss only on Natural Resources This Time .

Natural Resource

It is the form of matter/energy which is available in the earth and get used by living thing.

Eg:air,water,soil,minerals,fossil-fuel,wildlife.

Category Of Natural Resource

Renewable

non-Renewable

Renewable Resource

These are those resources which are renewed/replenished fastly and are not affected by human activity.

Renewable energy sources are more commonly used by developed nations.

Example:solar energy, water air biomass wood

solar energy

Hybrid Of Wind And Solar energy

Biomass Energy

Non-Renewable

These are those resources which are not renewed/replenished and are affected by human activity.

Over 85% of the energy used in the world is from non-renewable supplies

Most developed nations are dependent on non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels (coal and oil) and nuclear power.

Industrialized societies depend on non-renewable energy sources.

Example Of Non-Renewable Resource COAL OIL NATURAL GAS OIL SHALE AND TAR SANDS NUCLEAR POWER

Coal & Energy Security

COAL

Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel in the world with an estimated reserve of one trillion metric tons.

world's coal reserves exist in Eastern Europe and Asia considerable in United States .

Coal formed slowly over millions of years from the buried remains of ancient swamp plants

Formation Of Coal

Types of coal

Coal are formed due to differences in the pressure and temperature during formation.

Lignite coal.about 50% carbon , highest water 50%,low

amounts of smog-causing sulfur. Bituminous coal about 85% carbon and 3% water Anthracite coal almost 100% carbon ,hardest form of coal.

Use Of Coal

Coal is used to produce 50% of the electricity in the United States.

used for heating and cooking in less developed countries while rural areas of developed countries.

OIL

Crude oil or liquid petroleum, is a fossil fuel that is refined into many different energy products

e.g., gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heating oil

Formation Of Oil

Oil forms underground in rock such as shale, which is rich in organic materials. Wells are drilled into these oil reservoirs to remove the gas and oil.

About 25 percent of the oil recovers during primary stage

During secondary stage hot water is injected into the reservoir around the well

This water forces the remaining oil toward the area of the well from which it can be recovered

Tertiary method is used to recover as much oil as possible. This involves pumping steam, carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen gas into the reservoir to force the remaining oil toward the well.

Availability Of Oil

50 percent of the world's oil is found in the Middle East

Additional reserves occur in North America

NATURAL GAS

Natural gas is a mixture of gases methane ethane propane butane.

It is cleanest burning fossil fuel propane and butane are removed from the

natural gas and made into liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Natural gas is highly flammable and is odorless

natural gas is used primarily for heating, cooking, and powering vehicles

methane

Most of the world's natural gas reserves are found in Eastern Europe and the Middle East

Supply will last an estimated 100 years.

OIL SHALE AND TAR SANDS Oil shale and tar sands are the least utilized

fossil fuel sources. Oil shale is sedimentary rock with very fine pores that contain kerogen, a carbon-based, waxy substance.

If shale is heated to 490º C, the kerogen vaporizes and can then be condensed as shale oil, a thick viscous liquid

Tar sand is a type of sedimentary rock that is impregnated with a very thick crude oil

NUCLEAR POWER