soil classification. what is soil? testing the soil bearing capacity settling characteristics...
TRANSCRIPT
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Soil Classification
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What is Soil?
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Testing the Soil
Bearing Capacity
Settling Characteristics
Drainage
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Site Planning
Function of Structure
Site Profile (Contour Map)
Geological Information
Soils Sample Data
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Soil Samples
Samples Represent the Site
Taken about 1’-2’ below surface
Boring samples are taken at various locations and depths below the surface (subsurface) for deep foundations.
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Unified Soil Classification System
Coarse-Grained Soils
Fine Grained Soils
Highly Organic Soils
Professional Development Lesson ID Code: 8006
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Unified Soil Classification System
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Sieve Sizes
Silt and clay can pass through the #200 sieve.
Gravels range from 3” down to the size of peas.
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Grain Size
Click here to open the Grain Size Chart.
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Gravel Identification
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Sand Identification
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Graded SoilWell-Graded Soils-have a good representation of all particle sizes from the largest to smallest
Poorly-Graded Soils- two typesUniformly-has soil particles nearly the same size.Gap-Graded- contains both large and small particles but the graduation
continuity is broken by the absence of some particle sizes.
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Clean vs. Dirty Graded Soil
Clean: contains little or no fines (<5%)
Dirty: contains an appreciable amount of fines ( >12%)
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Clay or Silt?
Dry Strength – crushing characteristics
Dilatancy – reaction to shaking
Toughness – consistency near plastic limit
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Grain Shape
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Soil Color* Can vary with moisture content* May indicate the presence of certain chemical
or impurities* Dark brown /black may indicate organic
material.* Gray, olive green indicate inorganic soils.* Gray-blue or gray-yellow indicates poor
drainage.* Red or yellow may indicate iron oxides.* White to pink may indicate considerable
silica, calcium carbonate, or aluminum compounds.
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PlasticityAtterberg Limits:
Plastic Limit-lowest moisture content at which soils can be rolled into 1/8” diameter
thread without breaking.
Liquid Limit- minimum moisture content at which soil will flow when a small shear or cutting force is applied.
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Soil Groups
Soil Type Gradation Liquid Limit
Gravel- G
Sand-S
Silt-M
Clay-C
Organic O
Peat- Pt
Well Graded- W
Poorly Graded - P
LL over 50- H
LL under 50 -L