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SOIL CONSERVATION AND TECHNICS

Gururaj Amonkar457CE13015Civil Department5TH Sem

Introduction Why is soil conservation important? First let us look at the problem of soil erosion. Improve soil management Methods for soil consevation Contour plough Multiple cropping Ten technics to conserve soil Analysis of different methods Advantages & disadvantages Conclusion Referance Thank you

CONTAINS

INTRODUCTION

Soil conservation is a set of management strategies for prevention of soil being eroded from the Earth’s surface or becoming chemically altered by overuse, acidification, salinization, soil erosion or other chemical soil contamination to retain the fertility of soil.

A nation that destroys it soil destroys itself." - President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937

Why is soil conservation important?

First let us look at the problem of soil erosion.

Gully erosion occurs when small streams unite and create a stronger flow, cutting a channel down which water flows during or just after rain

Improve soil management

Practice: contour plowing reduced tillage or no tillage, using windbreaks to

reduce wind speeds at the land surface,

allowing soils to rest promote humus

production

Methods for soil conservation TERRACE FARMING: This method of farming uses "steps", called andenes,

that are built into the side of a mountain or hill. On each anden, various crops are planted, and when it rains, instead of washing away all of the nutrients in the soil, the nutrients are carried down to the next level. Additionally, these "steps" prevent a free flowing avalanche of water that would take plants with it and destroy the all of the crops on the hillside. This system also allowed them to build aqueducts, which carried water to each andenes

Contour plouging

Contour farming is the farming practice of ploughing across a slope following its elevation contour lines. The rows form slow water run-off during rainstorms to prevent soil erosion and allow the water time to settle into the soil. In contour ploughing, the ruts made by the plough run perpendicular rather than parallel to slopes, generally resulting in furrows that curve around the land and are level.

Multiple cropping

In agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same space during a single growing season.  In which a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested, in which the second crop is started amidst the first crop before it has been harvested. A related practice, companion planting, is sometimes used in gardening and intensive cultivation of vegetables and fruits.

Ten technics to conserve soil Plant trees

Terraces

No-till farming Contour ploughing

Crop rotation Soil pH

Water the soil

Salinity management Soil organisms Indigenous crops

05/02/2023Lamsal

Valuation method Description Strength and Weakness ExampleMarket based approaches

Interaction between consumers and producers with regards to the demand and supply of goods and services.

Standard, accepted economic techniques.Does not measure TEV.

Gross value of crop production.

Production function/change in productivity method

Estimate the economic value of ecosystem products or services that contribute to the production of commercially marketed goods

Single use systems easier.Multiple use production function approach aremore problematic.Risk of double counting

Soil fertility improves crop yield

Cost Based approach1) preventive expenditure approach

Environmental services can be valued by looking at how much it would cost to set in place measures to prevent the damage arising from their loss.

Easy, simple. Do not directly measure WTP for environmental goods and services

Flood control, siltation barriers

Analysis of different methods

05/02/2023Lamsal

Valuation method

Description Strength and Weakness

Example

ii)Damage avoided approaches

Environmental services help to avoid economic costs

Easy, simple. Do not directly measure WTP for environmental goods and services.

The costs of destruction to houses, roads, bridges and farms caused by flooding.

iii) Replacement or repair expenditure

Examining the potential costs of restoring or replacing productive assets lost or degraded due to project impacts or improper management.

Easy, simple. Do not directly measure WTP for environmental goods and services.

The benefits of implementing improved agricultural practices in upland soil areas can be reflected in the cost of replacing soil and nutrients that would be lost through erosion.

Cont...

Advantages Avoid annual soil disturbance

Once established low maintenance requirement to produce crop

Avoid erosion and desertification

reserve for native flora and fauna

Maintain soil fertility

DisadvantagesUnavailable for annual crop production

Possible weed competition

Often in applicable due to previous land distribuance

Labour intensive

Acceptable alternative must be available

No single method is enough for appropriate valuation of soil conservation due to its multidimensional role.

Cost based approaches and market based approaches are easy and simple but not capture the ecological, biological role of soil and people's willingness to pay.

Production function approaches which is complex and tedious for multiple output but gives accurate if data were put appropriately.

Conclusion

Here are some additional resources on the webhttp://www.hintze-online.com/sos/soils-online.htmlhttp://nscss.org/ssource.htmlhttp://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/~saxton/soilwatr/

Referance

Thank You