soil contamination effects on microbial life christian dresser- pittsburgh central catholic high...
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![Page 1: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School Grade 10
Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
Lead - poisonous paint can gradually come off buildings and contaminant soils
Mercury ndash poisonous generated from cement production coal fired plants etc
Acetone ndash used in fuel for cars and trains dissipates slowly in soil Arsenic ndash poisonous used in integrated circuits Barium ndash poisonous used in welding railroad tracks together Benzene ndash produced from coal found in exhaust Coal - carried via near by trains combustible Gypsum ndash used in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) drywall and
plaster composed of calcium sulfate
Soils
Soils are among the most precious though least appreciated resources for human kind
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
The world is facing a crisis of soil integrity erosion
salinization compaction Pollution
Soils
Soils near industrial urban or transportation centers are considered at high risk for soil pollution
Organic ndash bacteria viruses molds etc Inorganic ndash lead mercury acetone arsenic barium
benzene coal and gypsum
Lead Poisonous can cause blood and brain disorders Highly malleable and ductile 8 million tones produced annually Used in car batteries organ pipes and stained glass
windows Lead paint gradually sheds off buildings and contaminants
soils
Mercury Used in thermometers barometers and other scientific
apparatuses Poisonous can cause brain damage can be absorbed and
inhaled through the skin and mucous membranes Generated from cement production
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 2: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
Lead - poisonous paint can gradually come off buildings and contaminant soils
Mercury ndash poisonous generated from cement production coal fired plants etc
Acetone ndash used in fuel for cars and trains dissipates slowly in soil Arsenic ndash poisonous used in integrated circuits Barium ndash poisonous used in welding railroad tracks together Benzene ndash produced from coal found in exhaust Coal - carried via near by trains combustible Gypsum ndash used in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) drywall and
plaster composed of calcium sulfate
Soils
Soils are among the most precious though least appreciated resources for human kind
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
The world is facing a crisis of soil integrity erosion
salinization compaction Pollution
Soils
Soils near industrial urban or transportation centers are considered at high risk for soil pollution
Organic ndash bacteria viruses molds etc Inorganic ndash lead mercury acetone arsenic barium
benzene coal and gypsum
Lead Poisonous can cause blood and brain disorders Highly malleable and ductile 8 million tones produced annually Used in car batteries organ pipes and stained glass
windows Lead paint gradually sheds off buildings and contaminants
soils
Mercury Used in thermometers barometers and other scientific
apparatuses Poisonous can cause brain damage can be absorbed and
inhaled through the skin and mucous membranes Generated from cement production
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 3: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Soils
Soils are among the most precious though least appreciated resources for human kind
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
The world is facing a crisis of soil integrity erosion
salinization compaction Pollution
Soils
Soils near industrial urban or transportation centers are considered at high risk for soil pollution
Organic ndash bacteria viruses molds etc Inorganic ndash lead mercury acetone arsenic barium
benzene coal and gypsum
Lead Poisonous can cause blood and brain disorders Highly malleable and ductile 8 million tones produced annually Used in car batteries organ pipes and stained glass
windows Lead paint gradually sheds off buildings and contaminants
soils
Mercury Used in thermometers barometers and other scientific
apparatuses Poisonous can cause brain damage can be absorbed and
inhaled through the skin and mucous membranes Generated from cement production
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 4: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Soils
Soils near industrial urban or transportation centers are considered at high risk for soil pollution
Organic ndash bacteria viruses molds etc Inorganic ndash lead mercury acetone arsenic barium
benzene coal and gypsum
Lead Poisonous can cause blood and brain disorders Highly malleable and ductile 8 million tones produced annually Used in car batteries organ pipes and stained glass
windows Lead paint gradually sheds off buildings and contaminants
soils
Mercury Used in thermometers barometers and other scientific
apparatuses Poisonous can cause brain damage can be absorbed and
inhaled through the skin and mucous membranes Generated from cement production
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 5: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Lead Poisonous can cause blood and brain disorders Highly malleable and ductile 8 million tones produced annually Used in car batteries organ pipes and stained glass
windows Lead paint gradually sheds off buildings and contaminants
soils
Mercury Used in thermometers barometers and other scientific
apparatuses Poisonous can cause brain damage can be absorbed and
inhaled through the skin and mucous membranes Generated from cement production
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 6: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mercury Used in thermometers barometers and other scientific
apparatuses Poisonous can cause brain damage can be absorbed and
inhaled through the skin and mucous membranes Generated from cement production
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 7: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Acetone Component of paints and varnishes Used to dissolve many plastics Solvent can depress the central nervous system Dissipates slowly in soil Used in fuel for cars and trains
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 8: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Arsenic Poisonous metalloid with many allotropic forms Used in pesticides herbicides insecticides and various
alloys Used in integrated circuits Exposure to high level can cause multi-system organ failure
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 9: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Coal Carrieddelivered via near by trains Largest source of fuel for the generation of
electricity World consumption use is 62 billion tons annually Used to produce syngas a mixture of carbon
monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H2) Combustible sedimentary rock
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 10: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Barium Used in rat poison making bricks and glass
making Extremely poisonous effects the nervous
system Used in welding rail tracks together
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 11: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Benzene
Component of cigarette smoke and found in exhaust
Produced from coal Used to make polymers and plastic Serious health effects including multi -
organ cancer and even death
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 12: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Experimental Soil Samples Industrial Soil ndash located near trains and a cement
factory possibly exposed to the inorganic contaminants such as lead mercury and gypsum
Non-Industrial Soil ndash not located near trains nor a cement factory most likely not exposed to inorganic contaminants
Control Soil ndash store-bought potting soil not exposed to any inorganic contaminants
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 13: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cement
Made by heating limestone with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to 1450deg C
The resulting hard substance called clinker is ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
Basic ingredient of concrete mortar and grout
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 14: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Soil
Broken rock particles that have been altered by chemical and environmental conditions weathering and erosion
Altered by interactions between the lithosphere hydrosphere atmosphere and biosphere
Potting soil contains peat moss composted bark sand and perlite
It also contains vermicompost for water retention
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 15: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gypsum Composed of calcium sulfate CaSO4 2H2O Occurs as twinned crystals and transparent
cleavable masses called selenite Deposited in lakes oceans and hot springs Used in drywall plaster soil conditioner fertilizer
blackboard chalk and OPC
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 16: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
E Coli Escherichia coli (E coli) ndash very common found in
intestinal tract of most mammals There are many strains of E coli most are non-
pathogenic Pathogenic strains can cause illness and death in
humans Frequently studied in biology ndash ubiquitous simple
structure easily manipulated in the laboratory
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 17: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of soil componentscontaminants on the survivorship of Ecoli
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 18: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Null Hypothesis
The addition of soil to Ecoli suspensions will not significantly affect survivorship
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 19: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Materials 500 grams of sterilized soil from an industrial site (railroad tracks and
cement factory) 500 grams of sterilized soil from a non-industrial site 500 grams of sterilized control soil (store bought) Sterile Dilution Fluid (SDF) (10mM KH2PO4 10mM K2HPO4 1mM MgSO4
01mM CaCl2 100mM NaCl) 3 tubes for the 3 different soil extracts ( 300mL SDF and 500 g soil for
each tube) 14 tubes for the low and high concentrations of the extracts (Low- 89mL
SDF 10mL extract High ndash 99mL extract) Ecoli bacteria (1 mL in each of the 14 tubes (107 cellsmL) ) 56 LB Agar plates ( 8 for each concentration) Sterile Pipettes LB media (yeast extract (05 ) NaCl (1) tryptone (15)) Bunsen burner Ethanol Autoclave Klett Spectrophotometer
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 20: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Procedure 1 E Coli was grown overnight in sterile media 2 A sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh
media in a sterile sidearm flask 3 The culture was placed in a shaking water bath until a
density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached This represents a cell density of approximately 108 cellsmL
4 The culture was diluted in SDF to a concentration of approximately 103 cellsmL
5 Soils from 3 different sites were sterilized in an autoclave for 45 minutes
6 500 g of each sterilized type of soil were weighed 7 500 g of each type of soil were added to 300mL of SDF
creating a soil extract
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 21: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Procedure - ConcentrationsLow
ConcentrationIndustrial Non-
IndustrialControl Soil
SDF 89mL 89mL 89mLExtract 10mL 10mL 10mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
High Concentration
Industrial Non-Industrial Control Soil
SDF 00mL 00mL 00mLExtract 99mL 99mL 99mLEcoli 01mL 01mL 01mL
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 22: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Procedure Contrsquod
11 01mL of the E Coli cell culture was added to each test tube yielding a final volume of 100mL and a cell density of approximately 107 cells mL
12 The solution in each tube was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes
13 After vortexing to evenly suspended cells 01mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on LB-Agar plates
14 The plates were incubated at 37 degrees Celsius overnight
15 The resulted colonies were counted Each colony is assumed to have arisen from 1 cell
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 23: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Data Ave Small Ave Large Ave Total
Non ndash Industrial Low
24 31 55
Non ndash Industrial High
11 9 20
Industrial Low 15 16 32Industrial High 21 16 37
Control Dirt Low
8 13 22
Control Dirt High
22 14 36
Control SDF 16 14 29
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 24: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Total Average of Colonies Counted
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05
plt05plt05
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Soils and Concentrations
Col
onie
s C
ount
edP-value = 0000184 plt05 = Significant
plt 05
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 25: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dunnet Test Results Variables t value Interpretation
Control Dirt Higha = 05 n = 8 a = 01
12227 Not SignificantNot Significant
Control Dirt Lowa = 05 n = 65 a
= 01
10417 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Higha = 05 n = 7 a =01
13344 Not SignificantNot Significant
Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 8 a = 01
23666 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Higha = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
13504 Not SignificantNot Significant
Non-Industrial Lowa = 05 n = 75 a
= 01
39529 SignificantNot Significant
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 26: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Conclusion
In my hypothesis I stated that the E coli grown in the simple SDF fluid would have the greatest survival rate
Through the experiment this was proven wrong
The E Coli grown in a low concentration of the non-industrial soil had the greatest survival rate while the E Coli grown in the simple SDF solution (control) had the fifth highest survival rate
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 27: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conclusion
Through the experiment there was a Rejection of the Null hypothesis The soil contaminants did have effects on the survivorship of EColi
In comparison with the control SDF through a Dunnetrsquos test the survivorship of the EColi in the Non-Industrial Low was significant to the survivorship of the EColi in the control SDF
This was the only concentration that was significant which was proven in the Dunnetrsquos test
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 28: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Future Implications More soils from different locations could be tested The soils could be tested on the survivorship of yeast More LB agar plates could be used for each type of soil Different concentrations of the soil extracts could be tested
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-
![Page 29: Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life Christian Dresser- Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School, Grade 10](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649dfe5503460f94ae6626/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
References Dr John Wilson biostatistician University of Pittsburgh httpenwikipediaorgwikiLead httpenwikipediaorgwikiMercury httpenwikipediaorgwikiAcetone httpenwikipediaorgwikiArsenic httpenwikipediaorgwikiBarium httpenwikipediaorgwikiBenzene httpenwikipediaorgwikiCoal httpenwikipediaorgwikiCement httpenwikipediaorgwikiGypsum httpenwikipediaorgwikiSoil httpenwikipediaorgwikiE Coli httpwwwepagovebtpagespollsoilcontaminantshtml httpwwwecywagovprogramshwtrdemodebrispages2dwinsoilhtml httpwwwegrmsuedu~envirotoolscgi-binsoilphp3
- Soil Contamination Effects on Microbial Life
- Common Inorganic Soil Contaminants
- Soils
- Soils (2)
- Lead
- Mercury
- Acetone
- Arsenic
- Coal
- Barium
- Benzene
- Experimental Soil Samples
- Cement
- Soil
- Gypsum
- E Coli
- Purpose
- Null Hypothesis
- Materials
- Procedure
- Procedure - Concentrations
- Procedure Contrsquod
- Data
- Slide 24
- Dunnet Test Results
- Conclusion
- Conclusion (2)
- Future Implications
- References
-