soil health update - eauthentication · biological soil health . nh nrcs soil health • cornell...
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Soil Health Update
Brandon R. Smith, Ph.D. State Agronomist
NH NRCS
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NRCS Soil Health Initiative
National Initiative
2011-2015 Strategic Plan
Physical Chemical
Biological
Soil Health
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NH NRCS Soil Health
• Cornell Soil Health Testing since 2008
• Use with new Seasonal High Tunnels
• Applicable to all cropping systems
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Soil Health Testing
• Sample Soil
• Measure Indicators
• Rate and Score
• Identify Management Decisions
• Plan NRCS practices – If Applicable
– NH 590 Table
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Physical: Aggregate Stability
• Soil Structure: Pore Space
• Infiltration
• Germination/Root Growth
Cover Crop (340) Reduce Tillage(345)
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Physical: Available H2O Capacity
• Water Storage
• Soil Type
• Stable Organic Matter
No-Till (329) Composting Facility (329)
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Physical: Compaction
• Surface (0-6”)
• Subsurface (6-18”)
• Infiltration and Rooting
Cover Crop (340) Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment
(548)
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Biological: Organic Matter
• Heart of Soil Health
• Impacts all Properties
• Stages of Decomposition
Forage & Biomass Planting (512) Cover Crop (340)
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Biological: Active Carbon
• Food Source for Microbes
• Living & Recently Dead OM
• Leading Indicator
Conservation Crop Rotation (328) Cover Crop (340)
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Biological: Mineralizable Nitrogen
• N Supply &
• Microbial Conversion
• Soil Ability to Use N
Forage & Biomass Planting (512) Cover Crop (340)
Organic Nitrogen
Plant Availabl
e
From: Southern Forages
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Biological: Root Diseases
• Broad Assessment
• Range of Root Diseases
• Nutrient and H2O Uptake
Cover Crop (340) Conservation Crop Rotation (328)
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Chemical: Soil pH and Nutrients
• pH in optimum range – pH controls nutrient availability
• Adequate but not excessive nutrients
• Timing, Placement, Form
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Managing Soil Health
GENERAL TOOLS
1. Adjusting pH and nutrients
2. Crop Rotation
3. Growing Cover Crops
4. Reducing or Modifying Tillage
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Soil Health Conservation Activity Plan