soil, sediment, and aqueous sampling … acknowledgment of completion ... sop standard operating...

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REMOVAL SUPPORT TEAM 2 EPA CONTRACT EP-W-06-072

Mr. Keith Glenn, On-Scene Coordinator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region II Removal Action Branch 2890 Woodbridge Avenue Edison, NJ 08837

EPA CONTRACT NO: EP-W-06-072 TDD NO: T0-0027-0138 DOCUMENT CONTROL NO: RST 2-02-F-2353

March 29, 2013

SUBJECT: SITE-SPECIFIC UFP QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN - NEW METHODS CLEANERS SITE, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY

Dear Mr. Glenn,

Enclosed please find the Site-Specific UFP Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for the New Methods Cleaners Site located at 310 Prospect Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey. This plan covers the soil, sediment, and aqueous sampling event scheduled for April 1 through 13, 2013.

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call me at (603) 512-4350.

Enclosure:

Sincerely, Weston Solutions, Inc.

,t;;., Peter Lisichenko Removal Support Team 2 Site Project Manager/ Group Leader

cc: TDD No. T0-0027-0138

an employee-owned company

In Association with Scientific and Environmental Associates, Inc., H & S Environmental, Inc., and Avatar Environmental, LLC

SITE-SPECIFIC UFP QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

NEW METHODS CLEANERS SITE 310 PROSPECT STREET

TRENTON, MERCER COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

NON-TIME CRITICAL

Prepared By:

Removal Support Team 2 Weston Solutions, Inc.

Northeast Division Edison, New Jersey 08837

DC No.: RST 2-02-F-2353 TDD No.: TO-0027-0138

EPA Contract No.: EP-W-06-072

March 2013

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Site-Specific QAPP New Methods Cleaners Site

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TABLE OF CONTENTS CROSSWALK...................................................................................................................................1 QAPP Worksheet #1: Title and Approval Page .............................................................................4 QAPP Worksheet #2: QAPP Identifying Information ..................................................................5 QAPP Worksheet #3: Distribution List ..........................................................................................6 QAPP Worksheet #4: Project Personnel Sign-Off Sheet ..............................................................7 QAPP Worksheet #5: Project Organizational Chart ....................................................................8 QAPP Worksheet #6: Communication Pathways ..........................................................................9 QAPP Worksheet #7: Personnel Responsabilities and Qualifications Table ..............................9 QAPP Worksheet #8: Special Personnel Training Requirements Table ...................................10 QAPP Worksheet #9: Project Scoping Session Participants Sheet ............................................11 QAPP Worksheet #10: Problem Definition ..................................................................................13 QAPP Worksheet #11: Project Quality Objectives/Systematic Planning Process Statement .16 QAPP Worksheet #12: Measurement Performance Criteria Table ..........................................17 QAPP Worksheet #13: Secondary Data Criteria and Limitations Table ..................................22 QAPP Worksheet #14: Summary of Project Tasks .....................................................................23 QAPP Worksheet #15: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table................................................26 QAPP Worksheet #16: Project Schedule/Timeline Table ...........................................................35 QAPP Worksheet #17: Sampling Design and Rationale .............................................................36 QAPP Worksheet #18: Sampling Locations and Methods/SOP Requirements Table .............37 QAPP Worksheet #19: Analytical SOP Requirements Table.....................................................37 QAPP Worksheet #20: Field Quality Control Sample Summary Table ...................................38 QAPP Worksheet #21: Project Sampling SOP References Table ..............................................39 QAPP Worksheet #22: Field Equipment Calibration, Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection Table .................................................................................................................................................40 QAPP Worksheet #23: Analytical SOP References Table ..........................................................41 QAPP Worksheet #24: Analytical Instrument Calibration Table .............................................42 QAPP Worksheet #25: Analytical Instrument and Equipment Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection Table ..............................................................................................................................42 QAPP Worksheet #26: Sample Handling System ........................................................................43 QAPP Worksheet #27: Sample Custody Requirements ..............................................................44 QAPP Worksheet #28: QC Samples Table ...................................................................................46 QAPP Worksheet #29: Project Documents and Records Table .................................................55 QAPP Worksheet #30: Analytical Services Table .......................................................................56 QAPP Worksheet #31: Planned Project Assessments Table ......................................................57 QAPP Worksheet #32: Assessment Findings and Corrective Action Responses ......................58 QAPP Worksheet #33: QA Management Reports Table ............................................................59 QAPP Worksheet #34: Verification (Step I) Process Table ........................................................60 QAPP Worksheet #35: Validation (Steps IIa and IIb) Process Table .......................................61 QAPP Worksheet #36: Validation (Steps IIa and IIb) Summary Table ...................................62 QAPP Worksheet #37: Usability Assessment ...............................................................................63 ATTACHENENTS Attachment A: Site Location Map Attachment B: ERT SOPs

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LIST OF ACRONYMS ADR Automated Data Review ANSETS Analytical Services Tracking System AOC Acknowledgment of Completion ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials CEO Chief Executive Officer CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CLP Contract Laboratory Program CFM Contract Financial Manager CO Contract Officer COI Conflict of Interest COO Chief Operations Officer CRDL Contract Required Detection Limit CRTL Core Response Team Leader CRQL Contract Required Quantitation Limit CQLOSS Corporate Quality Leadership and Operations Support Services CWA Clean Water Act DCN Document Control Number DESA Division of Environmental Science and Assessment DI Deionized Water DPO Deputy Project Officer DQI Data Quality Indicator DQO Data Quality Objective EM Equipment Manager EDD Electronic Data deliverable ENVL Environmental Unit Leader EPA Environmental Protection Agency ERT Environmental Response Team FASTAC Field and Analytical Services Teaming Advisory Committee GC/ECD Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Detector GC/MS Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry HASP Health and Safety Plan HRS Hazard Ranking System HSO Health and Safety Officer ITM Information Technology Manager LEL Lower Explosive Limit MSA Mine Safety Appliances MS/MSD Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate NELAC National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference NELAP National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology OSC On-Scene Coordinator OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

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LIST OF ACRONYMS (Concluded) PARCCS Precision, Accuracy, Representativeness, Completeness, Comparability, Sensitivity PAH Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls PIO Public Information Officer PM Program Manager PO Project Officer PRP Potentially Responsible Party PT Proficiency Testing QA Quality Assurance QAL Quality Assurance Leader QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan QMP Quality Management Plan QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control QC Quality Control RC Readiness Coordinator RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RPD Relative Percent Difference RSCC Regional Sample Control Coordinator RST Removal Support Team SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act SEDD Staged Electronic Data Deliverable SOP Standard Operating Practice SOW Statement of Work SPM Site Project Manager START Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team STR Sampling Trip Report TAL Target Analyte List TCL Total Compound List TDD Technical Direction Document TDL Technical Direction Letter TO Task Order TQM Total Quality Management TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act UFP Uniform Federal Policy VOA Volatile Organic Analysis

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CROSSWALK

The following table provides a “cross-walk” between the QAPP elements outlined in the Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans (UFP-QAPP Manual), the necessary information, and the location of the information within the text document and corresponding QAPP Worksheet. Any QAPP elements and required information that are not applicable to the project are circled.

QAPP Element(s) and Corresponding Section(s) of UFP-QAPP Manual Required Information Crosswalk to

QAPP Section Crosswalk to QAPP

Worksheet No. Project Management and Objectives

2.1 Title and Approval Page - Title and Approval Page Approval Page 1 2.2 Document Format and Table of Contents 2.2.1 Document Control Format 2.2.2 Document Control Numbering System 2.2.3 Table of Contents 2.2.4 QAPP Identifying Information

- Table of Contents - QAPP Identifying Information

TOC Approval Page

2

2.3 Distribution List and Project Personnel Sign-Off Sheet 2.3.1 Distribution List 2.3.2 Project Personnel Sign-Off Sheet

- Distribution List - Project Personnel Sign- Off Sheet

Approval Page 3 4

2.4 Project Organization 2.4.1 Project Organizational Chart 2.4.2 Communication Pathways 2.4.3 Personnel Responsibilities and Qualifications 2.4.4 Special Training Requirements and Certification

- Project Organizational Chart - Communication Pathways - Personnel Responsibilities and Qualifications - Special Personnel Training Requirements

2

5

6

7

8

2.5 Project Planning/Problem Definition 2.5.1 Project Planning (Scoping) 2.5.2 Problem Definition, Site History, and Background

- Project Planning Session Documentation (including Data Needs tables) - Project Scoping Session Participants Sheet - Problem Definition, Site History, and Background - Site Maps (historical and present)

1

9

10

2.6 Project Quality Objectives and Measurement Performance Criteria 2.6.1 Development of Project Quality Objectives Using the Systematic Planning Process 2.6.2 Measurement Performance Criteria

- Site-Specific PQOs - Measurement Performance Criteria

3 11 12

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2.7 Secondary Data Evaluation - Sources of Secondary Data and Information - Secondary Data Criteria and Limitations

1 2

13

2.8 Project Overview and Schedule 2.8.1 Project Overview 2.8.2 Project Schedule

- Summary of Project Tasks - Reference Limits and Evaluation - Project Schedule/Timeline

4 14

15

16

Measurement/Data Acquisition

3.1 Sampling Tasks 3.1.1 Sampling Process Design and Rationale 3.1.2 Sampling Procedures and Requirements 3.1.2.1 Sampling Collection Procedures 3.1.2.2 Sample Containers, Volume, and Preservation 3.1.2.3 Equipment/Sample Containers Cleaning and Decontamination Procedures 3.1.2.4 Field Equipment Calibration, Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection Procedures 3.1.2.5 Supply Inspection and Acceptance Procedures 3.1.2.6 Field Documentation Procedures

- Sampling Design and Rationale - Sample Location Map - Sampling Locations and Methods/SOP Requirements - Analytical Methods/SOP Requirements - Field Quality Control Sample Summary - Sampling SOPs - Project Sampling SOP References - Field Equipment Calibration, Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection

5 17

18

19

20

21

22

3.2 Analytical Tasks 3.2.1 Analytical SOPs 3.2.2 Analytical Instrument Calibration Procedures 3.2.3 Analytical Instrument and Equipment Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection Procedures 3.2.4 Analytical Supply Inspection and Acceptance Procedures

- Analytical SOPs - Analytical SOP References - Analytical Instrument Calibration - Analytical Instrument and Equipment Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection

6

23

24

25

3.3 Sample Collection Documentation, Handling, Tracking, and Custody Procedures 3.3.1 Sample Collection Documentation 3.3.2 Sample Handling and Tracking System 3.3.3 Sample Custody

- Sample Collection Documentation Handling, Tracking, and Custody SOPs - Sample Container Identification - Sample Handling Flow Diagram - Example Chain-of- Custody Form and Seal

7 27

26

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3.4 Quality Control Samples 3.4.1 Sampling Quality Control Samples 3.4.2 Analytical Quality Control Samples

- QC Samples - Screening/Confirmatory Analysis Decision Tree

5 28

3.5 Data Management Tasks 3.5.1 Project Documentation and Records 3.5.2 Data Package Deliverables 3.5.3 Data Reporting Formats 3.5.4 Data Handling and Management 3.5.5 Data Tracking and Control

- Project Documents and Records - Analytical Services - Data Management SOPs

6 29

30

Assessment/Oversight

4.1 Assessments and Response Actions 4.1.1 Planned Assessments 4.1.2 Assessment Findings and Corrective Action Responses

- Assessments and Response Actions - Planned Project Assessments - Audit Checklists - Assessment Findings and Corrective - Action Responses

8

31

32

33

4.2 QA Management Reports - QA Management Reports 4.3 Final Project Report - Final Report(s)

Data Review 5.1 Overview

5.2 Data Review Steps 5.2.1 Step I: Verification 5.2.2 Step II: Validation 5.2.2.1 Step IIa Validation Activities 5.2.2.2 Step IIb Validation Activities 5.2.3 Step III: Usability Assessment 5.2.3.1 Data Limitations and Actions from Usability Assessment 5.2.3.2 Activities

- Verification (Step I) Process - Validation (Steps IIa and IIb) Process - Validation (Steps IIa and IIb) Summary - Usability Assessment

9 34

35

36

37

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New Methods Cleaners Site Revision 00

QAPP Worksheet #1: Title and Approval Page

Title: Site-Specific Quality Assurance Project Plan Site Name/Project Name: New Methods Cleaners Site Site Location: 310 Prospect Street, Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey Revision Number: 00 Revision Date: Not Applicable

Weston Solutions, Inc. Lead Organization

Peter Lisichenko Weston Solutions, Inc. 1090 King Georges Post Road, Suite 201 Edison, NJ 08837 Email: [email protected] Preparer's Name and Organizational Affiliation

29 March 2013 Preparation Date (Day/Month/Year)

Site Project Manager:

(',- Peter Lisichenko/Weston Solutions, Inc. Printed Name/Organization/Date

QA Officer/Technical Reviewer:

hr Smita Sumbaly/Weston Solutions, Inc. Printed Name/Organization/Date

EPA, Region II On-Scene Coordinator (OSC):

Keith Glenn/BP A, Region II Printed Name/Organizationmate

EPA, Region II Quality Assurance Officer (QAO):

Printed Name/Organization/Date

Document Control Number: RST 2-02-2353

4

Signature

Signature

Signature

Signature


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QAPP Worksheet #2: QAPP Identifying Information Site Name/Project Name: New Methods Cleaners Site Location: 310 Prospect Street, Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey Operable Unit: 00 Title: Site-Specific Quality Assurance Project Plan Revision Number: 00 Revision Date: Not Applicable

1. Identify guidance used to prepare QAPP: Uniform Federal Policy for Quality Assurance Project Plans. Refer to CLP and ERT/SERAS Methods.

2. Identify regulatory program: EPA, Region II

3. Identify approval entity: EPA, Region II

4. Indicate whether the QAPP is a generic or a Site-specific QAPP.

5. List dates of scoping sessions that were held: March 15, 2013

6. List dates and titles of QAPP documents written for previous site work, if applicable: None

7. List organizational partners (stakeholders) and connection with lead organization: None

8. List data users: EPA, Region II (See Worksheet # 4 for individuals)

9. If any required QAPP elements and required information are not applicable to the project, then provide an explanation for their exclusion below: None

10. Document Control Number: RST 2-02-2353

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QAPP Worksheet #3: Distribution List [List those entities to which copies of the approved QAPP, subsequent QAPP revisions, addenda, and amendments are sent]

QAPP Recipient Title Organization Telephone Number Fax Number E-mail Address Document Control Number

Keith Glenn EPA, On-Scene Coordinator

EPA, Region II (732)-321-4454 (732) 906-6182 [email protected]

RST 2-02-2353

Peter Lisichenko Site Project Manager, RST 2

Weston Solutions, Inc.

(603) 512-4350 (732) 225-7037 [email protected]

RST 2-02-2353

Smita Sumbaly QA Officer, RST 2 Weston Solutions, Inc.

(732) 585-4410 (732) 225-7037 S.Sumbaly@westonsolutions. Com

RST 2-02-2353

Site TDD File RST 2 Site TDD File Weston Solutions, Inc. - - - RST 2-02-2353

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New Methods Cleaners Site Revision 00

QAPP Worksheet #4: Project Personnel Sign-Off Sheet

[Copies of this form signed by key project personnel from each organization to indicate that they have read the applicable sections of the site-specific QAPP and will perform the tasks as described; add additional sheets as required. Ask each organization to forward signed sheets to the central project file.]

Organization: Weston Solutions, Inc.

Telephone DateQAPP Project Personnel Title Number Signature Read

Keith Glenn EPA, Region II, On-Scene (732) 321-4454 Coordinator

Peter Lisichenko Site Project Manager, RST 2 (603) 512-4350

Timothy Benton HSO, RST2 (732) 585-4425 ~ ~ r.i?h

Smita Sumbaly QA Officer, RST 2 (732) 585-4410

Michael Garibaldi Field Personnel, RST 2 (732) 585-4419

Mark Conover Field Personnel, RST 2 (732) 585-4440

Bernard Nwosu Field Personnel, RST 2 (732) 585-4413

Joseph Bundens Field Personnel, RST 2 (732) 585-4409

~.

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QAPP Worksheet #5: Project Organizational Chart

Identify reporting relationship between all organizations involved in the project, including the lead organization and all contractor and subcontractor organizations. Identify the organizations providing field sampling, on-site and off-site analysis, and data review services, including the names and telephone numbers of all project managers, project team members, and/or project contacts for each organization.

Acronyms: SPM: Site Project Manager HSO: Health & Safety Officer

rdinator

EPA, Region IIOn-Scene Coordinator:

Keith Glenn

Weston Solutions, Inc.RST 2

Site Project ManagerPeter Lisichenko

EP-W-06-072

QA Officer:Smita Sumbaly

Weston Solutions, Inc., RST 2

Data Review:ESAT and ERT/SERAS Data

Validation Personnel

Field Team:Peter LisichenkoMike GaribaldiMark ConoverBernard NwosuJoseph Bundens

Weston Solutions, Inc., RST 2 2

Site HSO/Sampling Management

Peter LisichenkoWeston Solutions, Inc., RST 2

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QAPP Worksheet #6: Communication Pathways

Communication Drivers

Responsible Entity

Name

Phone

Number Procedure

Point of contact with EPA OSC Site Project Manager, Weston

Solutions, Inc., RST 2 Peter Lisichenko, SPM

(603) 512-4350 All technical, QA and decision-making matters in regard to the project (verbal, written or electronic)

Adjustments to QAPP Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc., RST 2

Peter Lisichenko, SPM

(603) 512-4350 QAPP approval dialogue

Health and Safety On-Site Meeting Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc., RST 2

Peter Lisichenko, SPM

(603) 512-4350 Explain/review Site hazards, personnel protective equipment and local hospital.

OSC: On-Scene Coordinator

QAPP Worksheet #7: Personnel Responsibilities and Qualifications Table

Name Title Organizational

Affiliation Responsibilities Education and Experience

Qualifications Keith Glenn EPA On-Scene Coordinator EPA, Region II All project coordination, direction and decision

making. NA

Peter Lisichenko Group Leader, RST 2 Weston Solutions, Inc. Implementing and executing the technical, QA and health and safety during sampling event and sample management.

13 years of field experience

Michael Garibaldi Field Team, RST 2 Weston Solutions, Inc. Sample Collection/Sample Management 14 years of field experience Mark Conover Field Team, RST 2 Weston Solutions, Inc. Sample Collection/Sample Management 3 years of field experience Bernard Nwosu Field Team, RST 2 Weston Solutions, Inc. Sample Collection/Sample Management 3 years of field experience Joseph Bundens Field Team, RST 2 Weston Solutions, Inc. Sample Collection/Sample Management 3 years of field experience *All RST 2 members, including subcontractor’s resumes are in possessions of RST 2 Program Manager, EPA Project Officer and Contracting officers.

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QAPP Worksheet #8: Special Personnel Training Requirements Table

Project

Function

Specialized Training By Title

or Description of Course

Training Provider

Training

Date

Personnel /

Groups Receiving Training

Personnel Titles / Organizational

Affiliation

Location of Training

Records / Certificates1 [Specify location of training records and certificates for samplers]

QAPP Training This training is presented to all RST 2 personnel to introduce the provisions, requirements, and responsibilities detailed in the UFP QAPP. The training presents the relationship between the site-specific QA Project Plans (QAPPs), SOPs, work plans, and the Generic QAPP. QAPP refresher training will be presented to all employees following a major QAPP revision.

Weston Solutions, Inc., QAO

As needed All RST 2 field personnel upon initial employment and as refresher training


Weston Solutions, Inc., EHS Database

Health and Safety Training

Health and safety training will be provided to ensure compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as established in 29 CFR 1910.120.

Weston Solutions, Inc., HSO

Yearly at a minimum

All Employees upon initial employment and as refresher training every year


Weston Solutions, Inc., EHS Database

Others FORMS II Lite, Scribe®, ICS 100 and 200, and Air Monitoring Equipment Trainings provided to all employees

Weston Solutions, Inc., QAO/Group Leader’s

Upon initial employment and as needed

Dangerous Goods Shipping Weston Solutions, Inc., HSO

Every 2 years

All team members are trained in the concepts and procedures in recognizing opportunities for continual improvement, and the approaches required to improve procedures while maintaining conformance with legal, technical, and contractual obligations. *All RST 2 members, including subcontractor’s certifications are in possessions of RST 2 HSO.

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QAPP Worksheet #9: Project Scoping Session Participants Sheet Site Name/Project Name: New Methods Cleaners Site Site Location: 310 Prospect Street, Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey Operable Unit: 00 Date of Session: March 15, 2013 Scoping Session Purpose: To discuss dates and logistics for April 2013 sampling event.

Name Title Affiliation Phone # E-mail Address *Project Role Keith Glenn EPA OSC EPA, Region II 732-321-4454 Glenn.Keith@epa. epamail.gov OSC Peter Lisichenko Project Scientist Weston Solutions,

Inc. 603-512-4350 Peter.Lisichenko@Weston solutions.com Project Manager

Comments/Decisions: Sampling is scheduled to commence April 1 through 12, 2013 with a team of

three Weston Solutions, Inc., Removal Support Team 2 (RST 2) team members. In addition to RST 2, representatives from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Environmental Response Team (ERT) and Scientific, Engineering, Response & Analytical Services (SERAS) teams will be onsite working collaboratively on the investigation. A Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) will be employed to determine the location, concentration, and spread of a volatile organic compound (VOC) plume that had originated on the former New Methods Cleaners Site (the Site). Beginning at the Site (currently Bell Boy Cleaners), the team will extend its investigation to chase the extent of the plume which will most likely include adjacent properties of Barrett Paving and Power Magnetics. Soil and groundwater samples will be collected to confirm MIP readings, using direct push technologies to extract soil cores at depth and install temporary monitoring wells. The number of MIP borings is to be determined during the investigation but it is anticipated that up to four soil and groundwater samples will be collected per day. Sediment and surface water samples will also be collected at up to 10 locations in a creek that bisects the Site. The first 12 soil and groundwater samples collected will be submitted to ERT SERAS laboratory for target compound list (TCL) VOC analysis. All remaining samples will be submitted to an EPA Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) laboratory for TCL VOC analysis. RST 2 has been tasked with the following: log all subsurface soil cores and collect soil core samples; purge temporary wells; collect water quality measurements including; dissolved oxygen (DO), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and conductivity; and collect groundwater samples. Sediment and surface water samples will be collected at various locations along a creek near the Site. RST 2 will collect up to 40 soil samples, 40 groundwater samples, 10 surface water samples, and 10 sediment samples. In addition to the subsurface investigation, RST 2 will also conduct Hazardous Categorization (Haz-Cat) of approximately 20 to 30 unknown drums that had been identified at the Site. The Haz-Cat task will be conducted in Level B personal protective gear and is scheduled to commence towards the end of field operations.

Action Items: RST 2 Submitted the CLP request form for analytical services on March 21, 2013. RST 2 initiated the preparation of a site specific HASP on March 20, 2013.

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QAPP Worksheet #9: Project Scoping Session Participants Sheet (Concluded) Consensus Decisions: Sampling will commence on April 1, 2013. All samples collected will be

analyzed for TCL VOC. Analytical data for the soil, sediment and aqueous samples will be used to confirm the presence or absence of VOCs on the property.

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QAPP Worksheet #10: Problem Definition PROBLEM DEFINITION The sampling event at the Site scheduled from April 1 through 12, 2013 will involve the collection of soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater samples. All samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs to determine the presence or absence in on-site contaminants. In addition, a number of unknown drums have been identified on the Site and will need to be evaluated for Hazard Categorization.

SITE HISTORY/CONDITIONS The Site is located at 310 Prospect Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey. Various reports indicate that the Selesnick brothers purchased the property in 1969. The Site had been historically used as a vehicle service station and dry cleaning business. Although the service station was closed, the dry cleaning business was sold to New Methods Cleaners, Inc. in 1970. The property remained under ownership of the Selesnick brothers’ names. The Selesnicks started operating a Hellenizing business until the business was sold to various entities around 1985. New Methods Cleaners was re-named Bell Boy Cleaners in 1998 under new business ownership and the Hellenizing operation continued under Custom Helenizing or Sherman Leather and Dry Cleaning. The Hellenizing operations were focused in the eastern portion of the building. It was noted that chemicals containing tetrachloroethene (PCE) were used in all dry cleaning operations, including with the current operating entity. In 2002, the Selesnick brothers sold the property to Selesnick Property, LLC. In 1988, a spill occurred at the facility that prompted New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) to investigate the area. Their findings identified seven below ground storage tanks located behind the main building. One tank contained fuel oil while the other six tanks contained petroleum solvents. Soil samples were collected and results indicated elevated concentrations of VOCs and petroleum hydrocarbons. In 1989, all seven below ground storage tanks were removed from the facility under the direction of the NJDEP. As part of immediate remedial efforts associated with the contaminated soil, approximately 312 tons of contaminated soil were removed and disposed of by contractors hired by the owner/operator. In addition, monitoring wells were installed, and by 2008 a total of 12 monitoring wells had been installed at the facility. During the sampling activities on Monitoring Well-1 (MW-1), pure product was removed from the well for approximately 11-months with a submersible pump and sent to PCE equipment still in operation from the cleaners for purification and reuse. In 1991, Custom Helenizing installed a soil vapor extraction (SVE) system to remove contaminated soil-gas located underneath the building in the area of the dry cleaners and PCE equipment that had spilled material. Initially, the system contained a total of seven extraction points that moved media through a carbon adsorption system. All extraction points were generated approximately 8 feet in depth. Following several years and multiple remediation efforts, a total of 17 SVE wells were installed by 2006. Additional extraction wells were placed

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QAPP Worksheet #10: Problem Definition (Continued) outside, south-east of the building. However, by 2006 only three of the wells were operational. It is unclear when the additional wells were installed and for how long the SVE system was in operation, however documents outline a SVE monitoring program from 1993-1996. A 2006 document suggests that the system remained partially operational and PCE had been removed, lowering the concentrations in the media. Small spills of PCE continued inside the building due to dry cleaning operations. All PCE equipment had been replaced in the early 1980s but manual transfers caused spills in the early and mid-1990s. Secondary containment was added to all process equipment by 1995. In 1997, NJDEP issued a no further action letter to Michael Selesnick regarding the underground storage tanks that had been used to hold petroleum solvents. Throughout the 1990s, as additional monitoring and SVE wells were being installed, the property owner’s contractors and NJDEP collected numerous groundwater, soil, and surface water samples. In 2003, a groundwater remediation system was installed at the facility. Available documents indicate the following monitoring wells MW1, MW3, MW5, MW6, MW9, MW10, MW11, and MW12 are acting as the extraction wells for the system. Recovered groundwater was sent to a 1,000-gallon poly tank prior to oxidation in an ozonation tank. Air and ozone were introduced to the contaminated water under pressure to aid treatment. The effluent vapor was directed to the SVE system while the remaining water continued to a carbon absorption system. Water was then released to the sanitary sewer line of Trenton under a sewer use permit. By 2008, this system was no longer in operation. Also in 2003, NJDEP informed the property owner that 300-310 Prospect Street was to be included in the Trenton Brownfield Development Area. Several meetings were held with NJDEP officials, property owners, and property contractors. It does not appear that any additional work was conducted under the Brownfield program. In 2004, NJDEP submitted an Administrative Consent Order (ACO) to Custom Helenizing, New Methods Cleaners, and Slesnick Porperty LLC. In June 2004, the facility submitted a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) to NJDEP in lieu of the ACO. The MOA stated that the property owner would follow through with remediation techniques to delineate and address the contamination. In 2006 and 2007, contractors for the property owner generated and submitted Remedial Investigation Plans that included vapor intrusion investigations to NJDEP. In 2008, the property owner ceased paying taxes on the property and notified Bell Boy Cleaners, the only tenant that the Selesnicks were no longer going to assist in the remediation efforts at the facility and plan on abandoning the land. All contracts with the tenant were voided and no funds for rent have been obtained by Selesnick Property, LLC since this time. Bell Boy Cleaners continues to operate at the facility without a legal leasing agreement or informal arrangement with the property owner.

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QAPP Worksheet #10: Problem Definition (Continued) PROJECT DECISION STATEMENTS EPA will use the analytical data from this investigation to confirm the extent of VOC contamination and impact to soil, groundwater, sediment and surface water around the Site as basis for initiating an EPA Removal Action. Analytical results will be compared to NJDEP soil cleanup criteria (see Worksheet #15). The Hazardous Categorization will be used for disposal purposes of the drums located at the Site.

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QAPP Worksheet # 11: Project Quality Objectives/Systematic Planning Process Statement Overall project objectives include: Sampling will be conducted by RST 2 to confirm the presence of VOCs in soil, sediment, surface water or groundwater on the Site was well as adjacent properties. Hazardous Categorization will be used for disposal purposes of the drums located at the Site. Who will use the data? Data will be used by EPA, Region II OSC. What will the data be used for? Data from this sampling event will be used to assess potential risk to human health and to the environment. What types of data are needed? Sampling type and matrix: Soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater Type of Data: Definitive data Analytical Techniques: Field screening, off-site laboratory analyses Parameters: TCL VOCs Type of sampling equipments: Encore™ samplers, VOA vials, bladder pump and disposable poly scoops and aluminum pans. Access Agreement: EPA OSC has received signed access agreement. Sampling locations: On-site How much data are needed? Up to 40 soil samples, 40 groundwater samples, 10 surface water samples, and 10 sediment samples will be collected. In addition, up to 30 Hazardous Categorization samples will be collected. How “good” does the data need to be in order to support the environmental decision? Sampling/analytical measurement performance criteria for PARCC parameters will be established. Refer to Worksheet#12, criteria for performance measurement for screening and definitive data. Where, when, and how should the data be collected/generated? Soil samples will be collected from various buildings located at the Site, Barrett Paving, and Power Magnetics. Groundwater samples will be collected from temporary wells that will be installed during the sampling event and surface water and sediment samples will be collected from an adjoining creek. Haz-Cat samples will be collected from several unknown drums. The sampling event is scheduled to begin on April 1, 2013. All samples will be collected using methods outlined in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Who will collect and generate the data? The samples will be collected by RST 2 and analyzed by the ERT SERAS laboratory and a CLP laboratory. The analytical data generated by the EPA CLP laboratory will be validated by EPA’s Environmental Services Assistance Team (ESAT). How will the data be reported? All data will be reported by the assigned CLP laboratory and the ERT SERAS laboratory (Preliminary, Electronics, and Hard Copy format). The Site Project Manager will provide a Sampling Trip Report, Status Reports, Maps/Figures, Analytical Report, and Data Validation Report to the EPA OSC. How will the data be archived? Electronic data deliverables will be archived in the Scribe database. CLP and non-CLP data will be archived in EPA’s document control room.

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QAPP Worksheet #12A: Measurement Performance Criteria Table (Aqueous CLP)

(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 2.6.2) Complete this worksheet for each matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. Identify the data quality indicators (DQI), measurement performance criteria (MPC) and QC sample and/or activity used to assess the measurement performance for both the sampling and analytical measurement systems. Use additional worksheets if necessary. If MPC for specific DQI vary within an analytical parameter, i.e., MPC are analyte-specific, then provide analyte-specific MPC on an additional worksheet.

Matrix Aqueous Analytical Group TCL Volatile Organics Concentration Level Trace/Low (ug/L)

Sampling Procedure1 Analytical Method/SOP2

Data Quality Indicators

(DQIs)

Measurement Performance

Criteria

QC Sample and/or Activity

Used to Assess


QC Sample Assesses Error for Sampling (S), Analytical

(A) or both (S&A)

SOM01.2 Precision (field)

Project-Specific %RPD

Field Duplicate S & A

Accuracy (field)

No analyte > CRQL*

Field Blank S & A

Precision (laboratory)

Project-Specific %RPD; List compound

specific RPD

Field Duplicate; MS/MSD**

S & A; A

Accuracy (laboratory)

List compound specific %R

***DMCs; MS/MSD**

A

1Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #21. 2Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #23. *Reference USEPA Region 2 SOP No. 33/Low/Medium VOA - Blank Type Criteria Table **Optional MS/MSD – Reference CLP SOM01.2, Exhibit D, Table 6 for Criteria ***Deuterated Monitoring Compounds (DMCs) – Reference CLP SOM01.2, Exhibit D, Table 5 for Criteria

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QAPP Worksheet #12B: Measurement Performance Criteria Table (Aqueous ERT SERAS)

(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 2.6.2) Complete this worksheet for each matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. Identify the data quality indicators (DQI), measurement performance criteria (MPC) and QC sample and/or activity used to assess the measurement performance for both the sampling and analytical measurement systems. Use additional worksheets if necessary. If MPC for specific DQI vary within an analytical parameter, i.e., MPC are analyte-specific, then provide analyte-specific MPC on an additional worksheet. Matrix Aqueous

Analytical Group TCL Volatile Organics

Concentration Level

Trace Low (ug/L)

Sampling Procedure1

Analytical Method/SOP2

Data Quality Indicators(DQIs)

Measurement Performance Criteria

QC Sample and/or Activity Used to

Assess Measurement Performance

QC Sample Assesses Error for Sampling

(S), Analytical (A) or Both (S&A)

ERT SERAS SOP #1806

Precision (Laboratory)

1,1-Dichloroethene (RPD ±14%) Trichloroethene (RPD ±14%)

Benzene (RPD ±11%) Toluene (RPD ±13%)

Chlorobenzene (RPD ±13%)

MS/MSD A

Accuracy/Bias (Field) Contamination <RL Trip Blank S & A

Accuracy (Laboratory) %R = Within control chart limits LCS A

Accuracy/Bias -50% to +100% Internal Standards A

Accuracy/Bias

1,1-Dichloroethene (%R=61-145%) Trichloroethene (%R=71-120%)

Benzene (%R=76-127%) Toluene (%R=76-125%)

Chlorobenzene (%R=75-130%)

MS A

Accuracy/Bias Contamination <RL Method Blank A

1Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #21 2Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #23

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QAPP Worksheet #12C: Measurement Performance Criteria Table (Solid CLP) (UFP-QAPP Manual Section 2.6.2) Complete this worksheet for each matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. Identify the data quality indicators (DQI), measurement performance criteria (MPC) and QC sample and/or activity used to assess the measurement performance for both the sampling and analytical measurement systems. Use additional worksheets if necessary. If MPC for specific DQI vary within an analytical parameter, i.e., MPC are analyte-specific, then provide analyte-specific MPC on an additional worksheet.

Matrix Soil/Sediment Analytical Group TCL Volatile Organics Concentration Level Low/Medium (ug/kg)

Sampling Procedure1 Analytical Method/SOP2

Data Quality Indicators

(DQIs)


Criteria

QC Sample and/or Activity

Used to Assess


QC Sample Assesses Error for Sampling (S), Analytical (A) or both

(S&A)

SOM01.2 Precision (field)

Project-Specific %RPD

Field Duplicate S & A

Accuracy (field)

No analyte > CRQL*

Field Blank S & A

Precision (laboratory)

Project-Specific %RPD; List compound

specific RPD

Field Duplicate; MS/MSD**

S & A; A

Accuracy (laboratory)

List compound specific %R

***DMCs; MS/MSD**

A

1Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #21. 2Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #23. *Reference USEPA Region 2 SOP No. 34/Trace VOA Trace VOA - Blank Type Criteria Table **Optional MS/MSD – Reference CLP SOM01.2, Exhibit D, Table 6 for Criteria ***Deuterated Monitoring Compounds (DMCs) – Reference CLP SOM01.2, Exhibit D, Table 5 for Criteria

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QAPP Worksheet #12D: Measurement Performance Criteria Table (Solid ERT SERAS)

(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 2.6.2) Complete this worksheet for each matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. Identify the data quality indicators (DQI), measurement performance criteria (MPC) and QC sample and/or activity used to assess the measurement performance for both the sampling and analytical measurement systems. Use additional worksheets if necessary. If MPC for specific DQI vary within an analytical parameter, i.e., MPC are analyte-specific, then provide analyte-specific MPC on an additional worksheet. Matrix Soil/Sediment


Concentration Level Low/Medium (ug/kg)

Sampling Procedure1


Data Quality

Indicators (DQIs)


QC Sample and/or Activity Used to Assess




ERT SERAS SOP #1807

Precision

1,1-Dichloroethene (RPD ±22%) Trichloroethene (RPD ±24%)

Benzene (RPD ±21%) Toluene (RPD ±21%)

Chlorobenzene (RPD ±21%)

MS/MSD A

Accuracy/Bias %R = Within control limits LCS A

Accuracy/Bias Contamination <RL Equipment Blank S & A

Precision RPD≤50% Field Duplicates S & A

Accuracy/Bias -50% to +100% Internal Standards A

Accuracy/Bias

1,1-Dichloroethene (%R=59-172) Trichloroethene (%R=62-137)

Benzene (%R=66-142) Toluene (%R=59-139)

Chlorobenzene (%R=60-133)

Matrix Spikes A

Accuracy/Bias Contamination <RL Method Blank A

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QAPP Worksheet #12D: Measurement Performance Criteria Table (Solid ERT SERAS) (Concluded)

(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 2.6.2) Complete this worksheet for each matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. Identify the data quality indicators (DQI), measurement performance criteria (MPC) and QC sample and/or activity used to assess the measurement performance for both the sampling and analytical measurement systems. Use additional worksheets if necessary. If MPC for specific DQI vary within an analytical parameter, i.e., MPC are analyte-specific, then provide analyte-specific MPC on an additional worksheet. Matrix Soil/Sediment


Concentration Level Low/Medium (ug/kg)

Sampling Procedure1


Data Quality

Indicators (DQIs)


QC Sample and/or Activity Used to Assess




ERT SERAS SOP

#1807 Accuracy/Bias

1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 (%R=70-121) Toluene-d8 (%R=84-138)

p-Bromofluorobenzene (%R=59-113%)Surrogates A

Completeness > 90% sampling completed > 90% laboratory analysis

Data Completeness Check S & A

1Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #21 2Reference number from QAPP Worksheet #23

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QAPP Worksheet #13: Secondary Data Criteria and Limitations Table Any data needed for project implementation or decision making that are obtained from non-direct measurement sources such as computer databases, background information, technologies and methods, environmental indicator data, publications, photographs, topographical maps, literature files and historical data bases will be compared to the DQOs for the project to determine the acceptability of the data. Thus, for example, analytical data from historical surveys will be evaluated to determine whether they satisfy the validation criteria for the project and to determine whether sufficient data was provided to allow an appropriate validation to be done. If not, then a decision to conduct additional sampling for the site may be necessary.

Secondary Data

Data Source (Originating Organization,

Report Title, and Date)

Data Generator(s) (Originating Org., Data Types,

Data Generation/ Collection Dates)

How Data May Be Used (if deemed usable during

data assessment stage) Limitations on Data Use

Information from previous NJDEP

investigation in 1988

USEPA TDD # TO-0027-0138, December 8, 2012. USEPA - December, 2012

Data used to establish contamination levels for clean up criteria

NA

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QAPP Worksheet #14: Summary of Project Tasks

Sampling Tasks: RST 2 is tasked with: logging all subsurface soil cores and collecting soil core samples; purging temporary wells and collecting water quality measurements including DO, pH, ORP, and conductivity; and collecting groundwater samples, sediment samples and surface water samples. RST 2 will collect up to 40 soil samples, 40 groundwater samples, 10 surface water samples, and 10 sediment samples. The first 12 soil and groundwater samples will be analyzed by the ERT SERAS laboratory for TCL VOCs. All remaining samples will be sent to an EPA CLP laboratory for TCL VOC analysis. In addition, RST 2 will collect up to 30 drum samples for Hazardous Categorization. Analysis Tasks:

Aqueous – TCL VOCs - SOMO1.2 (CLP); ERT SERAS SOP #1807 (ERT SERAS) Solid – TCL VOCs - SOMO1.2 (CLP); ERT SERAS SOP #1807 (ERT SERAS) Quality Control Tasks: All samples will be collected for Definitive Data QA Objective. Field duplicates and MS/MSD will be collected at a rate of one per 20 field samples. Data Management Tasks: Activities under this project will be reported in status and trip reports and other deliverables (e.g., analytical reports, final reports) described herein. Activities will also be summarized in appropriate format for inclusion in monthly and annual reports. The following deliverables will be provided under this project: Trip Report: A trip report will be prepared to provide a detailed accounting of what occurred during each sampling mobilization. The trip report will be prepared within two weeks of the last day of each sampling mobilization. Information will be provided on time of major events, dates, and personnel on-site (including affiliations). Maps/Figures: Maps depicting site layout, contaminant source areas, and sample locations will be included in the trip report, as appropriate. Analytical Report: An analytical report will be prepared for samples analyzed under this plan. Information regarding the analytical methods or procedures employed, sample results, QA/QC results, chain-of-custody documentation, laboratory correspondence, and raw data will be provided within this deliverable.

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QAPP Worksheet #14: Summary of Project Tasks (Continued) Data Review: A review of the data generated under this plan will be undertaken. The assessment of data acceptability or usability will be provided separately, or as part of the analytical report. Documentation and Records: All sample documents will be completed legibly, in ink. Any corrections or revisions will be made by lining through the incorrect entry and by initialing the error. Field Logbook: The field logbook is essentially a descriptive notebook detailing site activities and observations so that an accurate account of field procedures can be reconstructed in the writer's absence. Field logbook will be bound and paginated. All entries will be dated and signed by the individuals making the entries, and should include (at a minimum) the following

1. Site name and project number 2. Name(s) of personnel on-site 3. Dates and times of all entries (military time preferred) 4. Descriptions of all site activities, site entry and exit times 5. Noteworthy events and discussions 6. Weather conditions 7. Site observations 8. Sample and sample location identification and description* 9. Subcontractor information and names of on-site personnel 10. Date and time of sample collections, along with chain of custody information 11. Record of photographs 12. Site sketches * The description of the sample location will be noted in such a manner as to allow the reader to reproduce the location in the field at a later date. Sample Labels: Sample labels will clearly identify the particular sample, and should include the following: 1. Site/project number. 2. Sample identification number. 3. Sample collection date and time. 4. Designation of sample (grab or composite). 5. Sample preservation. 6. Analytical parameters. 7. Name of sampler. Sample labels will be written in indelible ink and securely affixed to the sample container. Tie-on labels can be used if properly secured.

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QAPP Worksheet #14: Summary of Project Tasks (Concluded) Custody Seals: Custody seals demonstrate that a sample container has not been tampered with or opened. The individual in possession of the sample(s) will sign and date the seal, affixing it in such a manner that the container cannot be opened without breaking the seal. The name of this individual, along with a description of the sample packaging, will be noted in the field logbook. Assessment/Audit Tasks: No performance audit of field operations is anticipated at this time. If conducted, performance and system audit will be in accordance with the project plan. Data Review Tasks: All TCL VOC data will be validated by ESAT and ERT SERAS data validation personnel. Laboratory analytical results will be assessed by the data reviewer for compliance with required precision, accuracy, completeness, representativeness, and sensitivity.

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QAPP Worksheet #15A: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table

Matrix: Aqueous** (CLP) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Conc. Level: Trace/Low

Analyte CAS Number

NJAC Groundwater Quality Standards*

(ug/L)

Project Quantiation

Limit (ug/L)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 Trace

Quantitation Limits (ug/L)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 Low


Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 1000 NS 0.5 5 Chloromethane (Methyl Chloride) 74-87-3 -- NS 0.5 5Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 1 NS 0.5 5 Bromomethane 74-83-9 10 NS 0.5 5Chloroethane 75-00-3 -- NS 0.5 5 Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 2000 NS 0.5 51,1-Dichloroethene 75-35-4 1 NS 0.5 5 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 76-13-1 -- NS 0.5 5Acetone (2-Propanone) 67-64-1 6000 NS 5 10 Carbon Disulfide 75-15-0 700 NS 0.5 5 Methyl Acetate 79-20-9 7000 NS 0.5 5Methylene Chloride 75-09-2 3.0 NS 0.5 5 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 100 NS 0.5 5Methyl tert-Butyl Ether 1634-04-4 70 NS 0.5 5 1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 50 NS 0.5 5cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2 70 NS 0.5 5 2-Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) 78-93-3 300 NS 5 10 Bromochloromethane 74-97-5 -- NS 0.5 5 Chloroform 67-66-3 70 NS 0.5 51,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 30 NS 0.5 5 Cyclohexane 110-82-7 -- NS 0.5 5Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5 1 NS 0.5 5 Benzene 71-43-2 1 NS 0.5 51,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 2 NS 0.5 5 Trichloroethene 79-01-6 1 NS 0.5 5Methylcyclohexane 108-87-2 -- NS 0.5 5 1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 1 NS 0.5 5Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 1 NS 0.5 5 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5 1 NS 0.5 54-Methyl-2-Pentanone 108-10-1 -- NS 5 10 Toluene 108-88-3 600 NS 0.5 5trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-02-6 1 NS 0.5 5

For detailed references, see Footnotes below.

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QAPP Worksheet #15A: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table (Concluded) Matrix: Aqueous** (CLP) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Conc. Level: Trace/Low

Analyte CAS Number

NJAC Groundwater Quality Standards*

(ug/L)

Project Quantiation

Limit (ug/L)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 Trace


Analytical Method – SOM01.2 Low


1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 3 NS 0.5 5 Tetrachloroethene 127-18-4 1 NS 0.5 52-Hexanone 591-78-6 -- NS 5 10 Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 1 NS 0.5 51,2-Dibromoethane 106-93-4 -- NS 0.5 5Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 50 NS 0.5 5Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 700 NS 0.5 5Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7 1000 NS 0.5 5Styrene 100-42-5 100 NS 0.5 5Bromoform 75-25-2 4 NS 0.5 5Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 -- NS 0.5 51,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 1 NS 0.5 51,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 600 NS 0.5 51,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 75 NS 0.5 51,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 600 NS 0.5 51,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 0.02 NS 0.5 51,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 9 NS 0.5 51,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87-61-6 -- NS 0.5 5

*NJDEP N.J.A.C. 7:9C, Ground Water Quality Standards (GWQS) dated November 7, 2005. ** For surface water use NJDEP NJAC 7:9B Surface Water Quality Standards, October 2006.

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QAPP Worksheet #15B: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table

Matrix: Aqueous** (ERT SERAS) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Conc. Level: Trace/Low

Analyte CAS Number

Project Quantitation Limit

(µg/L) ERT SERAS Method 1806 Achievable Laboratory Limits

MDLs (µg/L)

Method QLs (µg/L)

MDLs1 (µg/L)

QLs (µg/L)

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 NS NS 5.00 1.51 5.00 Chloromethane 74-87-3 NS NS 5.00 0.943 5.00 Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 NS NS 5.00 1.05 5.00 Bromomethane 74-83-9 NS NS 5.00 1.63 5.00 Chloroethane 75-00-3 NS NS 5.00 1.17 5.00

Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 NS NS 5.00 1.39 5.00 Acetone 67-64-1 NS NS 20.0 8.95 20.0

1,1-Dichloroethene 75-35-4 NS NS 5.00 1.55 5.00 Methylene chloride 75-09-2 NS NS 5.00 1.52 5.00

Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 NS NS 5.00 1.23 5.00 Methyl tert-butyl ether 1634-04-4 NS NS 5.00 1.48 5.00

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 NS NS 5.00 1.44 5.00 1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 NS NS 5.00 1.51 5.00

2-Butanone 78-93-3 NS NS 5.00 2.43 5.00 2,2-Dichloropropane 594-20-7 NS NS 5.00 0.950 5.00

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2 NS NS 5.00 1.31 5.00 Chloroform 67-66-3 NS NS 5.00 1.41 5.00

1,1-Dichloropropene 563-58-6 NS NS 5.00 1.49 5.00 1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 NS NS 5.00 1.45 5.00

1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 NS NS 5.00 1.33 5.00 Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 NS NS 5.00 1.44 5.00

Benzene 71-43-2 NS NS 5.00 1.38 5.00 Trichloroethene 79-01-6 NS NS 5.00 1.40 5.00

1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 NS NS 5.00 1.16 5.00 Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 NS NS 5.00 1.18 5.00

Dibromomethane 74-95-3 NS NS 5.00 1.39 5.00

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QAPP Worksheet #15B: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table (Concluded)

Matrix: Aqueous** (ERT SERAS) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Conc. Level: Trace/Low

Analyte CAS Number

Project Quantitation Limit

(µg/L)

ERT SERAS Method 1806 Achievable Laboratory Limits

MDLs (µg/L)

Method QLs (µg/L)

MDLs1 (µg/L)

QLs (µg/L)

tert-Butylbenzene 98-06-6 NS NS 5.00 1.26 5.00 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 NS NS 5.00 1.36 5.00 sec-Butylbenzene 135-98-8 NS NS 5.00 1.32 5.00 p-Isopropyltoluene 99-87-6 NS NS 5.00 1.28 5.00 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 NS NS 5.00 1.16 5.00 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 NS NS 5.00 1.32 5.00 n-Butylbenzene 104-51-8 NS NS 5.00 1.26 5.00 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 NS NS 5.00 1.37 5.00 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 NS NS 5.00 1.29 5.00

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 NS NS 5.00 1.23 5.00 Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 NS NS 5.00 1.28 5.00 Naphthalene 91-20-3 NS NS 5.00 1.44 5.00 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87-61-6 NS NS 5.00 1.27 5.00

NS = Not Specified 1 Based on LOD Study dated 1/20/11 on system C

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QAPP Worksheet #15C: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table

Matrix: Solids ** (CLP) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Concentration Level: Low/Medium

Analyte CAS Number

NJDEP Soil Cleanup Criteria (mg/kg)*

Project Quantiation

Limit (mg/kg)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 (Low)

Quantitation Limits (mg/kg)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 (Medium) Quantitation Limits

(mg/kg) Residential Non-Residential

Impact to GW

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25 Chloromethane 74-87-3 520 1000 10 NS 0.005 0.25 Vinyl Chloride 75-01-4 2.0 7.0 10 NS 0.005 0.25 Bromomethane 74-83-9 79 1000 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25 Chloroethane 75-00-3 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25 Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25 1,1-Dichloroethene 75-35-4 8.0 150 10 NS 0.005 0.25 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 76-13-1 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25 Acetone 67-64-1 1000 1000 100 NS 0.01 0.5 Carbon Disulfide 75-15-0 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25Methyl Acetate 79-20-9 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25Methylene Chloride 75-09-2 49 210 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 1000 1000 50 NS 0.005 0.25Methyl tert-Butyl Ether 1634-04-4 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.251,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 570 1000 10 NS 0.005 0.25cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2 79 1000 1.0 NS 0.005 0.252-Butanone 78-93-3 1000 1000 50 NS 0.01 0.5 Chloroform 67-66-3 19 28 1.0 NS 0.005 0.251,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 210 1000 50 NS 0.005 0.25Cyclohexane 110-82-7 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5 2.0 4.0 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25Benzene 71-43-2 3.0 13 1.0 NS 0.005 0.251,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 6.0 24 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25Trichloroethene 79-01-6 23 54 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25Methylcyclohexane 108-87-2 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.251,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 10 43 -- NS 0.005 0.25Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 11 46 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5 4.0 5.0 1.0 NS 0.005 0.254-Methyl-2-Pentanone 108-10-1 1000 1000 50 NS 0.01 0.5

For detailed references, see Footnotes below.

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QAPP Worksheet #15C: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table (Concluded) Matrix: Solids ** (CLP) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Concentration Level: Low/Medium

Analyte CAS Number

NJDEP Soil Cleanup Criteria (mg/kg)*

Project Quantiation

Limit (mg/kg)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 (Low)

Quantitation Limits (mg/kg)

Analytical Method – SOM01.2 (Medium) Quantitation Limits

(mg/kg) Residential Non- Residential

Impact to GW

Toluene 108-88-3 1000 1000 500 NS 0.005 0.25trans-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-02-6 4.0 5.0 1.0 NS 0.005 0.251,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 22 420 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25Tetrachloroethene 127-18-4 4.0 6.0 1.0 NS 0.005 0.252-Hexanone 591-78-6 -- -- -- NS 0.01 0.5 Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 110 1000 1.0 NS 0.005 0.251,2-Dibromoethane 106-93-4 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.25Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 37 680 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 1000 1000 100 NS 0.005 0.25Xylenes (total) 1330-20-7 410 1000 67 NS 0.005 0.25Styrene 100-42-5 23 97 100 NS 0.005 0.25Bromoform 75-25-2 86 370 1.0 NS 0.005 0.25Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.251,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 79-34-5 34 70 1.0 NS 0.005 0.251,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 5100 10,000 100 NS 0.005 0.251,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 570 10,000 100 NS 0.005 0.251,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 5100 10,000 50 NS 0.005 0.251,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 -- -- -- NS 0.005 0.251,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 68 1200 100 NS 0.005 0.25

*New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) - Direct Contact Soil Cleanup Criteria, May 12, 1999. ** For sediment guidance values refer to the NJDEP Guidance for Sediment Quality Evaluations, November 1998.

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QAPP Worksheet #15D: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table

Matrix: Solids ** (ERT SERAS) Analytical Group: TCL VOCs Concentration Level: Low/Medium

Analyte CAS

Number

Project Action Limit

(µg/kg)

Project Quantitation

Limit (µg/kg)


MDLs (µg/kg)

MDLs1 (µg/kg)

MDLs1 (µg/kg)

RLs (µg/kg)

Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 -- NS NS 5.00 1.12 5.00 Chloromethane 74-87-3 -- NS NS 5.00 0.766 5.00 Vinyl chloride 75-01-4 900 NS NS 5.00 0.786 5.00 Bromomethane 74-83-9 -- NS NS 5.00 1.09 5.00 Chloroethane 75-00-3 -- NS NS 5.00 0.957 5.00 Trichlorofluoromethane 75-69-4 -- NS NS 5.00 0.974 5.00 Acetone 67-64-1 100,000 NS NS 20.0 0.97 20.0 1,1-Dichloroethene 75-35-4 100,000 NS NS 5.00 1.27 5.00 Methylene chloride 75-09-2 100,000 NS NS 5.00 2.88 5.00 Carbon disulfide 75-15-0 -- NS NS 5.00 1.37 5.00 Methyl tert-butyl ether 1634-04-4 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.620 5.00 trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 -- NS NS 5.00 0.843 5.00 1,1-Dichloroethane 75-34-3 26,000 NS NS 5.00 0.686 5.00 2-Butanone 78-93-3 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.641 5.00 2,2-Dichloropropane 594-20-7 -- NS NS 5.00 0.705 5.00 cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-59-2 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.724 5.00 Chloroform 67-66-3 49,000 NS NS 5.00 0.677 5.00 1,1-Dichloropropene 563-58-6 -- NS NS 5.00 0.728 5.00 1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2 3,100 NS NS 5.00 0.604 5.00 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 71-55-6 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.693 5.00 Carbon tetrachloride 56-23-5 2,400 NS NS 5.00 0.665 5.00 Benzene 71-43-2 4,800 NS NS 5.00 0.785 5.00 Trichloroethene 79-01-6 21,000 NS NS 5.00 0.685 5.00 1,2-Dichloropropane 78-87-5 -- NS NS 5.00 0.652 5.00

R2 - 000039


Revision 00

33

QAPP Worksheet #15D: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table (Continued)


Analyte CAS

Number


(µg/kg)


Limit (µg/kg)


MDLs (µg/kg)

MDLs1 (µg/kg)

MDLs1 (µg/kg)

RLs (µg/kg)

Bromodichloromethane 75-27-4 -- NS NS 5.00 0.522 5.00 Dibromomethane 74-95-3 -- NS NS 5.00 0.716 5.00 cis-1,3-Dichloropropene 10061-01-5 -- NS NS 5.00 0.625 5.00 trans-1,3-Dichloro-propene 10061-02-6 -- NS NS 5.00 0.700 5.00 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 79-00-5 -- NS NS 5.00 0.577 5.00 1,3-Dichloropropane 142-28-9 -- NS NS 5.00 0.633 5.00 Dibromochloromethane 124-48-1 -- NS NS 5.00 0.553 5.00 1,2-Dibromoethane 106-93-4 -- NS NS 5.00 0.687 5.00 Bromoform 75-25-2 -- NS NS 5.00 0.545 5.00 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 108-10-1 -- NS NS 5.00 0.498 5.00 Toluene 108-88-3 100,000 NS NS 5.00 1.87 5.00 2-Hexanone 591-78-6 -- NS NS 5.00 0.668 5.00 Tetrachloroethene 127-18-4 19,000 NS NS 5.00 0.755 5.00 Chlorobenzene 108-90-7 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.698 5.00 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro- ethane

630-20-6 -- NS NS 5.00 0.832 5.00

Ethylbenzene 100-41-4 41,000 NS NS 5.00 0.819 5.00 m,p-Xylene 108-38-3/

106-42-3 100,000 (Total Xylenes) NS NS 10.0 1.70 10.0

o-Xylene 95-47-6 100,000 (Total Xylenes) NS NS 5.00 0.888 5.00 Styrene 100-42-5 -- NS NS 5.00 0.888 5.00 Isopropylbenzene 98-82-8 -- NS NS 5.00 0.647 5.00

R2 - 000040


Revision 00

34

QAPP Worksheet #15D: Reference Limits and Evaluation Table (Concluded)


Analyte CAS

Number


(µg/kg)


Limit (µg/kg)


MDLs (µg/kg)

MDLs1 (µg/kg)

MDLs1 (µg/kg)

RLs (µg/kg)

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro- ethane

79-34-5 -- NS NS 5.00 0.723 5.00

1,2,3-Trichloropropane 96-18-4 -- NS NS 5.00 0.826 5.00 n-Propylbenzene 103-65-1 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.811 5.00 Bromobenzene 108-86-1 -- NS NS 5.00 0.907 5.00 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 108-67-8 52,000 NS NS 5.00 0.862 5.00 2-Chlorotoluene 95-49-8 -- NS NS 5.00 0.647 5.00 4-Chlorotoluene 106-43-4 -- NS NS 5.00 0.815 5.00 tert-Butylbenzene 98-06-6 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.939 5.00 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 95-63-6 52,000 NS NS 5.00 0.781 5.00 sec-Butylbenzene 135-98-8 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.710 5.00 p-Isopropyltoluene 99-87-6 -- NS NS 5.00 0.713 5.00 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 541-73-1 -- NS NS 5.00 0.563 5.00 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 106-46-7 13,000 NS NS 5.00 0.754 5.00 n-Butylbenzene 104-51-8 -- NS NS 5.00 0.832 5.00 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 95-50-1 100,000 NS NS 5.00 0.744 5.00 1,2-Dibromo-3 -chloropropane 96-12-8 -- NS NS 5.00 0.551 5.00

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 120-82-1 -- NS NS 5.00 0.929 5.00 Hexachlorobutadiene 87-68-3 -- NS NS 5.00 1.18 5.00 Naphthalene 91-20-3 -- NS NS 5.00 0.971 5.00 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 87-61-6 -- NS NS 5.00 0.867 5.00

NS = Not Specified 1 Based on LOD Study dated 4/28/11 for VOC Instrument “B”

R2 - 000041


Revision 00

35

QAPP Worksheet #16: Project Schedule/Timeline Table

Activities Organization

Dates (MM/DD/YY)

Deliverable Deliverable Due Date Anticipated Date(s)

of Initiation

Anticipated Date of Completion

Preparation of QAPP RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager

Prior to sampling date 3/29/2013 QAPP 3/29/2013

Review of QAPP RST 2 Contractor QAO and/or Group Leader

Prior to sampling date 3/29/2013 Approved QAPP 3/29/2013

Preparation of Health and Safety Plan

RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager

Prior to sampling date 3/26/2013 HASP 3/29/2013

Procurement of Field Equipment

RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager and/or Equipment

Officer

Prior to sampling date 3/28/2013 N/A NA

Laboratory Request RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager and/or QAO

Prior to sampling date 3/21/2013 CLP Request Form TBD

Field Reconnaissance/Access

RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager; or

EPA Region 2 OSC 3/15/2013 3/15/2013 N/A N/A

Collection of Field Samples RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager 4/1/2013 4/12/2013 N/A N/A

Laboratory Package Received EPA CLP Laboratory 4/24/2013 5/3/2013 Preliminary Data 5/3/2013

Validation of Laboratory Results EPA CLP Laboratory 5/15/2013 5/24/2013 Final Report 6/7/2013

Data Evaluation/ Preparation of Final Report

RST 2 Contractor Site Project Manager 4/15/2013 6/7/2013 Final Report 6/7/2013

R2 - 000042


Revision 00

36

QAPP Worksheet #17: Sampling Design and Rationale All sampling activities will be performed by RST 2 under the direction of the EPA On-Scene Coordinator (OSC). RST 2 will collect up to 40 soil samples, 40 groundwater samples, 10 surface water samples and 10 sediment samples including QA/QC samples. Each Soil and sediment sample will be collected in three encore™ samplers. Each surface water and groundwater sample will be collected in three 40ml VOA vails. Surface water samples will be collected directly from the creek. Prior to collecting groundwater samples three well volumes will be purged from the well, and in addition, water quality measurements including DO, pH, ORP, and conductivity will be documented every 5 minutes until the water quality parameters stabilize. The first 12 soil and groundwater samples will be analyzed for TCL VOCs by the ERT SERAS laboratory. All remaining samples will be submitted to an EPA CLP laboratory and analyzed for TCL VOCs. This sampling design is based on information currently available and may be modified onsite in light of field-screening results and other acquired information.

The following laboratories will provide the analyses indicated:

Lab Name/Location Sample Type Parameters

ERT/SERAS Laboratory 2890 Woodbridge Avenue

Edison, NJ (ERT SERAS Laboratory)

Solid/Aqueous TCL VOCs

Chemtech Consulting Group 284 Sheffield Street Mountainside, NJ

(CLP Laboratory)

Solid/Aqueous TCL VOCs

Refer to Worksheet #20 for QA/QC samples, sampling methods and SOP.

R2 - 000043


Revision 00

37

QAPP Worksheet #18: Sampling Locations and Methods/SOP Requirements Table

Matrix Sampling

Location(s) Units Analytical

Group(s) Concentration

Level

No. of Samples

(identify field duplicates)

Sampling SOP

Reference

Rationale for Sampling Location

Aqueous 50 ug/L TCL VOCs Trace/Low 1/20 samples per matrix

SOP# 2007 and 2013

To ascertain if groundwater and surface water have been impacted with VOCs

Solid 50 mg/kg TCL VOCs Low/Medium 1/20 samples per matrix

SOP# 2012 and 2016

To ascertain if soil and sediment have been impacted with VOCs

QAPP Worksheet #19: Analytical SOP Requirements Table

Matrix No. of Samples Analytical Group [Lab Assignment] Concentration Level

Analytical and Preparation Method/SOP

ReferenceSample Volume

Containers (number, size, and type)

Holding Time/ Preservation Requirements

Aqueous 50 TCL VOCs Trace/Low

SOM01.2 (CLP) SOP 1807 (ERT SERAS)

120 ml (3) 40 ml VOA vials w/Teflon lined septum

10 days/ 1:1 Hcl to pH < 2; Cool to 4°C

Solid 50 TCL VOCs Low/Medium

SOM01.2 (CLP) SOP 1807 (ERT SERAS)

15 grams (3) EnCore Samplers 48 hours (from time of

sample collection) Cool to 4°C

R2 - 000044


Revision 00

38

QAPP Worksheet #20: Field Quality Control Sample Summary Table

Matrix Analytical Group

Concentration Level

Analytical and Preparation

SOP Reference

No. of Sampling Locations

No. of Field

Duplicate Pairs

No. of Extra Volume

Laboratory QC (e.g., MS/MSD)

Samples1

No. of Rinsate Blanks

No. of Trip.

Blanks

No. of PE Samples

Aqueous TCL VOCs Trace/Low

SOM01.2 (CLP) SOP 1807 (ERT

SERAS)

50 3 3 10 10 NR

Solid TCL VOCs Low/Medium

SOM01.2 (CLP) SOP 1807 (ERT

SERAS)

50 3 3 10 10 NR

NR – not required

R2 - 000045


Revision 00

39

QAPP Worksheet #21: Project Sampling SOP References Table

Reference Number Title, Revision Date and/or Number Originating

Organization Equipment Type Modified for

Project Work? (Y/N)

Comments

SOP # 2007 Groundwater Well Sampling EPA - ERT Water Level Indicator,

Bailer, Submersible Pump or Similar, Water Meters

N -

SOP # 2009 Drum Sampling; Rev 0.0 November 1994 EPA - ERT Drum Thief or Coliwasa N -

SOP# 2012 Soil Sampling from the Compendium of ERT Soil Sampling and Surface Geophysics Procedures. EPA - ERT Stainless steel bowls, scoops

and augers N -

SOP# 2013 Surface Water Sampling from Compendium of ERT Surface Water and Sediment Sampling Procedures January 1991

EPA - ERT Flags, stainless steel bowls, scoops and augers, dredge,

coring device N -

SOP# 2016 Sediment Sampling from Compendium of ERT Surface Water and Sediment Sampling Procedures January 1991

EPA - ERT Flags, stainless steel bowls, scoops and augers, dredge,

coring device N -

R2 - 000046


Revision 00

40

QAPP Worksheet #22: Field Equipment Calibration, Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection Table

Field Equipment

Calibration Activity

Maintenance Activity

Testing/ Inspection Activity

Frequency Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action

Responsible Person

SOP Reference

Haz-cat Kit NA NA NA NA NA

NA Site Personnel

MultiRAE Plus PID

Calibrate with Zero air; span gas of 100 ppm Isobutylene

Check/ replace battery/ Clean tip or bulb if necessary

Bump Test

Prior to day’s activities; anytime anomaly suspected

+/- 5 units

Replace battery, or Replace Unit

Equipment Vendor and

TVA – 1000B (PID/FID Combo)

Annual Manufacturer calibration

Check calibration date on tag or stiker.. Need rechargeable ni0Cd battery

NA Prior to day’s activities; anytime anomaly suspected

FID: Zero = <5000 counts Span counts = 175-250 per ppm methane PID: Zero = <2000 counts Span counts = 3500-6000 per ppm isobutylene (RESPONSE FACTORS)

Check batteries, bulb, and filters. Service if needed

Equipment Vendor

YSI or equivalent Calibrate with standard solutions

NA NA Prior to day’s activities; end of day’s activities; anytime anomaly suspected

pH Meter +/- 0.1 units

Clean probe, replace battery, replace membrane, replace probe

Contractor Project Leader

Dissolved Oxygen

± 3%

Specific Conductivity

± 1%

Temperature ± 0.1 °C Turbidity ± 2 NTU

Temperature ± 0.1 °C Turbidity ± 2 NTU

Water Level Indicator or Interface Probe

NA NA Visual inspection

Prior to day’s activities

No defects noted Replace Contractor Project Leader

R2 - 000047


Revision 00

41

QAPP Worksheet #23: Analytical SOP References Table

Reference Number

Title, Revision Date, and/or

Number

Definitive or Screening Data Analytical Group Instrument

Organization Performing

Analysis

Modified forProject Work? (Y/N)

SOM01.2

USEPA Contract Laboratory Program Statement of Work for Multi-Media,

Multi-Concentration Organic Analysis,; October 2006

Definitive TCL VOCs GC/MS CLP Laboratory N

ERT SERAS SOP 1807

Routine Analysis of VOCs in Water and Soil/Sediment by GC/ECD , Rev 2.0,

01/23/06 / Definitive TCL VOCs GC/MS ERT SERAS Laboratory N

R2 - 000048


Revision 00

42

QAPP Worksheet #24: Analytical Instrument Calibration Table

Instrument Calibration Procedure

Frequency of Calibration Acceptance Criteria Corrective Action

(CA)Person Responsible

for CA SOP Reference

GC/MS See SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP

1807

Initial calibration: upon award of the contract, whenever the laboratory takes corrective action which may change or affect the initial calibration criteria (e.g., ion source cleaning or repair, column replacement, etc.), or if the continuing calibration acceptance criteria have not been met. Continuing calibration: Once every 12 hours.

Initial calibration/ Continuing calibration: relative response factor (RRF) greater than or equal to minimum acceptable response factor listed in procedure; %RSD must be less than or equal to value listed in procedure.

Initial calibration: inspect system for problems (e.g., clean ion source, change the column, service the purge and trap device), correct problem, re-calibrate. Continuing calibration: inspect system, recalibrate the instrument, reanalyze samples.

ERT SERAS Laboratory and CLP laboratory GC/MS Technician

SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807

QAPP Worksheet #25: Analytical Instrument and Equipment Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection Table

Instrument/ Equipment

Maintenance Activity

Testing/Inspection Activity Frequency Acceptance

Criteria Corrective Action Responsible Person SOP Reference1

GC/MS See SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807 Methods; as per instrument manufacturer’s recommendations

See SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807 Methods; as per instrument manufacturer’s recommendations

See SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807 Methods; as per instrument manufacturer’s recommendations

Acceptable re-calibration; see SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807

Inspect the system, correct problem, re-calibrate and/or reanalyze samples.

ERT/SERAS Laboratory GC/MS Technician

SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807

1 Specify the appropriate letter or number form the Analytical SOP References table (Worksheet #23)

R2 - 000049


Revision 00

43

QAPP Worksheet #26: Sample Handling System SAMPLE COLLECTION, PACKAGING, AND SHIPMENT Sample Collection (Personnel/Organization): RST 2 Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc., Region II Sample Packaging (Personnel/Organization): RST 2 Site Project Manager and sampling team members, Weston Solutions, Inc., Region II Coordination of Shipment (Personnel/Organization): RST 2 Site Project Manager, sampling team members, Weston Solutions, Inc., Region II Type of Shipment/Carrier: FedEx or Hand-Delivery SAMPLE RECEIPT AND ANALYSIS Sample Receipt (Personnel/Organization): CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories Sample Custody and Storage (Personnel/Organization): CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories Sample Preparation (Personnel/Organization): CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories Sample Determinative Analysis (Personnel/Organization): CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories SAMPLE ARCHIVING Field Sample Storage (No. of days from sample collection): Samples will be shipped via FEDEX or hand-delivered to the CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories within 24 hours (1day) after last sample is collected. Sample Extract/Digestate Storage (No. of days from extraction/digestion): As per analytical methodology; see Worksheet #19 SAMPLE DISPOSAL Personnel/Organization: Sample Technicians, CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories Number of Days from Analysis: Up to 60 days until analysis and QA/QC checks are completed; as per analytical methodology; see Worksheet #19.

R2 - 000050


Revision 00

44

QAPP Worksheet #27: Sample Custody Requirements

Sample Identification Procedures: Each sample collected by Region II RST 2 will be identified by the property where it was collected, the matrix of the sample collected, the location, the sample number, and the sample type. Properties were labeled on a numerical basis i.e. P0001, P0002, etc. The matrix identifier will be as follows: GW – Groundwater, SW – Surface Water, SS – Soil Sample, and SD – Sediment Sample. The sample number is listed as a three digit numerical number. The sample type will be designated as follows: 01 – Field Sample, 02 – Duplicate Sample. Trip blank samples will be identified as TB-{DATE}. Rinsate blank samples will be designated as RB-{DATE}:

e.g. P0001-GW001-001-01 – Property 0001-Groundwater sample location 001-sample 001-Field Sample. Location of the sample collected will be recorded in the project database and site logbook. A duplicate sample will be identified in the same manner as other samples and will be distinguished and documented in the field logbook. Field Sample Custody Procedures (sample collection, packaging, shipment, and delivery to laboratory): Each sample will be individually identified and labeled after collection, then sealed with custody seals and enclosed in a plastic cooler. The sample information will be recorded on chain-of custody (COC) forms, and the samples shipped to the appropriate laboratory via overnight delivery service or courier. Chain-of-custody records must be prepared in Scribe to accompany samples from the time of collection and throughout the shipping process. Each individual in possession of the samples must sign and date the sample COC Record. The chain-of-custody record will be considered completed upon receipt at the laboratory. A traffic report and chain-of-custody record will be maintained from the time the sample is taken to its final deposition. Every transfer of custody must be noted and signed for, and a copy of this record kept by each individual who has signed. When samples are not under direct control of the individual responsible for them, they must be stored in a locked container sealed with a custody seal. Specific information regarding custody of the samples projected to be collected on the weekend will be noted in the field logbook. The chain-of-custody record should include (at minimum) the following: 1) Sample identification number; 2) Sample information; 3) Sample location; 4) Sample date; 5) Sample Time; 6) Sample Type Matrix; 7) Sample Container Type; 8) Sample Analysis Requested; 9) Name(s) and signature(s) of sampler(s); and 10) Signature(s) of any individual(s) with custody of samples. A separate chain-of-custody form must accompany each cooler for each daily shipment. The chain-of-custody form must address all samples in that cooler, but not address samples in any other cooler. This practice maintains the chain-of-custody for all samples in case of mis-shipment.

R2 - 000051


Revision 00

45

QAPP Worksheet #27: Sample Custody Requirements (Concluded)

Laboratory Sample Custody Procedures (receipt of samples, archiving, and disposal): A sample custodian at the laboratory will accept custody of the shipped samples, and check them for discrepancies, proper preservation, integrity, etc. If noted, issues will be forwarded to the laboratory manager for corrective action. The sample custodian will relinquish custody to the appropriate department for analysis. At this time, no samples will be archived at the laboratory. Disposal of the samples will occur only after analyses and QA/QC checks are completed.

R2 - 000052


Revision 00

46

QAPP Worksheet #28A: QC Samples Table (UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions.

Matrix Aqueous Analytical Group TCL VOCs

Concentration Level Trace (ug/L)

Sampling SOP(s) 2007, 2013

Analytical Method/SOP Reference SOM01.2 and ERT SERAS SOP 1807

Sampler’s Name RST 2

Field Sampling Organization Weston Solutions, Inc.

Analytical Organization CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

No. of Sample Locations 50

Lab QC Sample: Frequency/ Number

Method/SOP QC Acceptance Limits

Corrective Action

Person(s) Responsible for Corrective Action

Data Quality Indicator

(DQI) Measurement Performance Criteria

Method Blank 1 every 12 hours

No analyte > CRQL* Suspend analysis unit source recertified

EPA CLP RAS Laboratory GC/MS Technician

Accuracy No analyte > CRQL*

Matrix Spike (Not Required)

1 per < 20 samples; if requested

1,1-Dichloroethene 61-145 %R Flag outliers EPA CLP RAS Laboratory GC/MS Technician

Accuracy 1,1-Dichloroethene 61-145 %R Benzene 76-127 %R Benzene 76-127 %R Trichloroethene 71-120 %R Trichloroethene 71-120 %R Toluene 76-125 %R Toluene 76-125 %R Chlorobenzene 75-130 %R Chlorobenzene 75-130 %R

Matrix Spike Duplicate (Not Required)


1,1-Dichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Flag outliers EPA CLP RAS Laboratory GC/MS Technician

Precision 1,1-Dichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Benzene 0-11 %RPD Benzene 0-11 %RPD Trichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Trichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Toluene 0-13 %RPD Toluene 0-13 %RPD Chlorobenzene 0-13 %RPD Chlorobenzene 0-13 %RPD

Deuterated Monitoring Compounds

all samples Vinyl chloride-d3 65-131 %R

Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples


Accuracy Vinyl chloride-d3 65-131 %R

Chloroethane-d5 71-131 %R Chloroethane-d5 71-131 %R

*with the exception of methylene chloride, 2-butanone and acetone which can be up to 2 times the CRQL, or in some situations may require these compounds be up to 4 times the CRQL.

R2 - 000053

Site-Specific QAPP New Methods Cleaners Site Revision 00

47

QAPP Worksheet #28A: QC Samples Table (Continued)

(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions.









Lab QC Sample: Frequency/ Number Method/SOP QC Acceptance Limits Corrective

Action Person(s) Responsible for Corrective Action



Deuterated Monitoring Compounds [cont’d]

all samples 1,1-Dichloroethene-d2 55-104 %R Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet recovery limits


Accuracy 1,1-Dichloroethene-d2 55-104 %R 2-Butanone-d5 49-155 %R 2-Butanone-d5 49-155 %R Chloroform-d 78-121 %R Chloroform-d 78-121 %R 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 78-129 %R 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 78-129 %R Benzene-d6 77-124 %R Benzene-d6 77-124 %R 1,2-Dichloropropane-d6 79-124 %R 1,2-Dichloropropane-d6 79-124 %R Toluene-d8 77-121 %R Toluene-d8 77-121 %R

trans-1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 73-121 %R trans-1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 73-121 %R

2-Hexanone-d5 28-135 %R 2-Hexanone-d5 28-135 %R 1,4-Dioxane-d8 50-150 %R 1,4-Dioxane-d8 50-150 %R

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane-d2 73-125 %R 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane-d2 73-125 %R

R2 - 000054


48

QAP P Worksheet #28A: QC Samples Table (Continued)

(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions.

Matrix Aqueous

Analytical Group TCL VOCs













[cont’d]

all samples

1,2-Dichlorobenzene-d4 80-131 %R

Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet recovery limits


Accuracy


Internal Standards all samples 60-140% Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples


Accuracy + 40 % of response area, + 20 sec retention time shift

R2 - 000055


49


(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions. Matrix Aqueous Analytical Group TCL VOCs

Concentration Level Low (ug/L)







Lab QC Sample: Frequency/ Number

Method/SOP QC Acceptance Limits

Corrective Action

Person(s) Responsible for Corrective Action


(DQI)


Method Blank 1 every 12 hours

No analyte > CRQL* Suspend analysis unit source recertified






Accuracy 1,1-Dichloroethene 61-145 %R Benzene 76-127 %R Benzene 76-127 %R Trichloroethene 71-120 %R Trichloroethene 71-120 %R Toluene 76-125 %R Toluene 76-125 %R Chlorobenzene 75-130 %R Chlorobenzene 75-130 %R




Precision 1,1-Dichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Benzene 0-11 %RPD Benzene 0-11 %RPD Trichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Trichloroethene 0-14 %RPD Toluene 0-13 %RPD Toluene 0-13 %RPD Chlorobenzene 0-13 %RPD Chlorobenzene 0-13 %RPD


all samples Vinyl chloride-d3 65-131 %R Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; see asterisk below


Accuracy Vinyl chloride-d3 65-131 %R

Chloroethane-d5 71-131 %R Chloroethane-d5 71-131 %R

*with the exception of methylene chloride, 2-butanone and acetone which can be up to 2 times the CRQL.

R2 - 000056


50


(UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions. Matrix Aqueous Analytical Group TCL VOCs













all samples 1,1-Dichloroethene-d2 55-104 %R Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; *up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet recovery limits


Accuracy 1,1-Dichloroethene-d2 55-104 %R 2-Butanone-d5 49-155 %R 2-Butanone-d5 49-155 %R Chloroform-d 78-121 %R Chloroform-d 78-121 %R 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 78-129 %R 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 78-129 %R Benzene-d6 77-124 %R Benzene-d6 77-124 %R 1,2-Dichloropropane-d6 79-124 %R 1,2-Dichloropropane-d6 79-124 %R Toluene-d8 77-121 %R Toluene-d8 77-121 %R trans-1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 73-121 %R trans-1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 73-121 %R 2-Hexanone-d5 28-135 %R 2-Hexanone-d5 28-135 %R 1,4-Dioxane-d8 50-150 %R 1,4-Dioxane-d8 50-150 %R 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane-d2 73-125 %R 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane-d2 73-125 %R

R2 - 000057


51

QAPP Worksheet #28A: QC Samples Table (Concluded) (UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions.














all samples


Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; *up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet recovery limits


Accuracy


Internal Standards all samples 60-140% Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples


Accuracy + 40 % of response area, + 20 sec retention time shift

R2 - 000058


52

QAPP Worksheet #28B: QC Samples Table (UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions. Matrix Solid Analytical Group TCL VOCs

Concentration Level Low/Medium (mg/kg)







Lab QC Sample:

Frequency/ Number Method/SOP QC Acceptance Limits Corrective Action Person(s) Responsible

for Corrective Action Data Quality

Indicator (DQI) Measurement Performance

Criteria Method Blank 1 every 12

hours No analyte > CRQL* Suspend analysis unit

source recertified EPA CLP RAS Laboratory GC/MS Technician





Accuracy 1,1-Dichloroethene 59-172 %R Trichloroethene 62-137 %R Trichloroethene 62-137 %R Benzene 66-142 %R Benzene 66-142 %R Toluene 59-139 %R Toluene 59-139 %R Chlorobenzene 60-133 %R Chlorobenzene 60-133 %R




Precision 1,1-Dichloroethene 0-22 %RPD Trichloroethene 0-24 %RPD Trichloroethene 0-24 %RPD Benzene 0-21 %RPD Benzene 0-21 %RPD Toluene 0-21 %RPD Toluene 0-21 %RPD Chlorobenzene 0-21 %RPD Chlorobenzene 0-21 %RPD


all samples Vinyl chloride-d3 68-122 %R Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet necessary limits (Section 11.3.4, Page D45/SOM01.2)


Accuracy Vinyl chloride-d3 68-122 %R Chloroethane-d5 61-130 %R Chloroethane-d5 61-130 %R

*with the exception of methylene chloride, 2-butanone & acetone which can be up to 2 times the CRQL. (USEPA CLP Nat’l Functional Guidelines, Final, July 2007)

R2 - 000059


53

QAPP Worksheet #28B: QC Samples Table (Continued) (UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions. Matrix Solid Analytical Group TCL VOCs









Action

Person(s) Responsible for

Corrective Action

Data Quality Indicator (DQI) Measurement Performance Criteria


all samples 1,1-Dichloroethene-d2 45-132 %R Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet necessary limits (Section 11.3.4, Page D45 of SOM01.2)


Accuracy 1,1-Dichloroethene-d2 45-132 %R 2-Butanone-d5 20-182 %R 2-Butanone-d5 20-182 %R Chloroform-d 72-123 %R Chloroform-d 72-123 %R 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 79-122 %R 1,2-Dichloroethane-d4 79-122 %R Benzene-d6 80-121 %R Benzene-d6 80-121 %R 1,2-Dichloropropane-d6 74-124 %R 1,2-Dichloropropane-d6 74-124 %R Toluene-d8 78-121 %R Toluene-d8 78-121 %R trans-1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 72-130 %R trans-1,3-Dichloropropene-d4 72-130 %R 2-Hexanone-d5 17-184 %R 2-Hexanone-d5 17-184 %R 1,4-Dioxane-d8 50-150 %R 1,4-Dioxane-d8 50-150 %R 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane-d2 56-161 %R 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane-d2 56-161 %R

R2 - 000060


54

QAPP Worksheet #28B: QC Samples Table (Concluded) (UFP-QAPP Manual Section 3.4) Complete a separate worksheet for each sampling technique, analytical method/SOP, matrix, analytical group, and concentration level. If method/SOP QC acceptance limit exceed the measurement performance criteria, the data obtained may be unusable for making project decisions. Matrix Solid Analytical Group TCL VOCs








Lab QC Sample: Frequency/ Number Method/SOP QC Acceptance Limits Corrective Action Person(s) Responsible

for Corrective Action Data Quality

Indicator (DQI) Measurement Performance Criteria


all samples 1,2-Dichlorobenzene-d4 70-131 %R Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet necessary limits (Section 11.3.4, Page D45/VOC of SOM01.2)


Accuracy 1,2-Dichlorobenzene-d4 70-131 %R

Internal Standards all samples 50-200% of area, + 30 sec retention time shift

Check calculations and instruments, reanalyze affected samples; up to 3 DMCs per sample may fail to meet necessary limits (Section 11.3.4, Page D45/VOC of SOM01.2)


Accuracy 50-100% of area, + 30 sec retention time shift

R2 - 000061


55

QAPP Worksheet #29: Project Documents and Records Table

Sample Collection Documents and Records

Analysis Documents and Records

Data Assessment Documents and Records Other

• Site and field logbooks • Boring logs • Well construction

diagrams • Drum logs • COC forms • Well Data Sheets • Field Data Sheets

• Sample receipt logs • Internal and external

COC forms • Equipment calibration

logs • Sample preparation

worksheets/logs • Sample analysis

worksheets/run logs • Telephone/email logs • Corrective action

documentation

• Data validation reports • Field inspection

checklist(s) • Laboratory Audit

checklist (if performed) • Review forms for

electronic entry of data into database

• Corrective action documentation

R2 - 000062


56

QAPP Worksheet #30: Analytical Services Table

Matrix Analytical Group

Concentration Level

Analytical SOP

Data Package Turnaround

Time

Laboratory/Organization (Name and Address, Contact Person and Telephone Number)

Backup Laboratory/Organization

(Name and Address, Contact Person and Telephone Number)

Aqueous TCL VOCs Trace/Low

SOM01.2

(CLP) SOP 1807 (ERT

SERAS)

4 weeks written

ERT SERAS Laboratory 2890 Woodbridge Avenue

Edison, NJ NA

Solid TCL VOCs Low/Medium

SOM01.2

(CLP) SOP 1807 (ERT

SERAS)

4 weeks written

Chemtech Consulting Group 284 Sheffield Street Mountainside, NJ

NA

NA – Not Applicable

R2 - 000063


Revision 00

57

QAPP Worksheet #31: Planned Project Assessments Table

Assessment Type Frequency

Internal or

External

Organization Performing Assessment

Person(s) Responsible for Performing Assessment (Title and Organizational

Affiliation)

Person(s) Responsible for Responding to Assessment

Findings (Title and Organizational Affiliation)

Person(s) Responsible for Identifying and

Implementing Corrective Actions

(CA) (Title and Organizational

Affiliation)

Person(s) Responsible for Monitoring

Effectiveness of CA (Title and

Organizational Affiliation)

Laboratory Technical Systems

Every Year External Regulatory Agency Regulatory Agency Lab Personnel Lab Personnel Lab QA Officer

Performance Evaluation Samples**

-- External Regulatory Agency Regulatory Agency Lab QA Officer Lab Personnel EPA or other Regulatory Agency

Peer Review Each Deliverable Internal Weston Solutions, Inc. QAO, Group Leader, and Readiness

Coordinator SPM, Weston Solutions, Inc. SPM, Weston Solutions, Inc.

EPA OSC and/or EPA QAO

R2 - 000064


Revision 00

58

QAPP Worksheet #32: Assessment Findings and Corrective Action Responses

Assessment Type

Nature of Deficiencies

Documentation

Individual(s) Notified of Findings

(Name, Title, Organization)

Timeframe of Notification

Nature of Corrective Action

Response Documentation

Individual(s) Receiving Corrective

Action Response (Name, Title, Org.)

Timeframe for Response

Project Readiness Review

Checklist or logbook entry summary

Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

Immediately to within 24 hours of review

Checklist or logbook entry


Immediately to within 24 hours of review

Field Observations/ Deviations from Work Plan

Logbook Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc. and EPA RPM

Immediately to within 24 hours of deviation

Logbook Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc. and EPA RPM

Immediately to within 24 hours of deviation

Laboratory Technical Systems/ Performance Audits

Written Report CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

30 days Letter CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

14 days

On-Site Field Inspection

Written Report Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

7 calendar days after completion of the audit

Letter/Internal Memorandum

Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc. and/or EPA RPM

To be identified in the cover letter of the report

Performance Evaluation Samples

Electronic Report

CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

30 days Letter or Written Report


14 days

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Revision 00

59

QAPP Worksheet #33: QA Management Reports Table

Type of Report Frequency

(daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc.)

Projected Delivery Date(s)

Person(s) Responsible for Report Preparation

(Title and Organizational Affiliation)

Report Recipient(s) (Title and Organizational

Affiliation)

CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories Data (unvalidated)

As performed Unknown CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

Adly Michael, RSCC, EPA Region 2 and Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories Data (validated)

As performed Up to 60 days after receipt of unvalidated data

EPA, Region II Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

Laboratory Technical Systems/ Performance Audits

As performed Unknown EPA or other Regulatory Agency


Performance Evaluation Samples

As performed Unknown EPA or other Regulatory Agency CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

On-Site Field Inspection As performed 7 calendar days after completion of the inspection



Field Change Request As required per field change Three days after identification of need for field change


EPA OSC

Final Report As performed 2 weeks after receipt of EPA approval of data package


EPA OSC

R2 - 000066


Revision 00

60

QAPP Worksheet #34: Verification (Step I) Process Table

Verification Input Description Internal/ External

1Responsible for Verification (Name, Organization)

Site/field logbooks Field notes will be prepared daily by the RST 2 Site Project Manager and will be complete, appropriate, legible and pertinent. Upon completion of field work, logbooks will be placed in the project files.

I RST 2 SPM, Weston Solutions, Inc.

Chains of custody

COC forms will be reviewed against the samples packed in the specific cooler prior to shipment. The reviewer will initial the form. An original COC will be sent with the samples to the laboratory, while copies are retained for (1) the Sampling Trip Report and (2) the project files.


Sampling Trip Reports

STRs will be prepared for each week of field sampling [for which samples are sent to an EPA CLP laboratory.] Information in the STR will be reviewed against the COC forms, and potential discrepancies will be discussed with field personnel to verify locations, dates, etc.


Laboratory Preliminary Data

Preliminary data – limited review for either contract compliance or technical compliance. E CLP and ERT SERAS

Laboratories

Laboratory analytical data package

Data packages will be reviewed/verified internally by the laboratory performing the work for completeness and technical accuracy prior to submittal.

E CLP and ERT SERAS Laboratories

Laboratory analytical data package

Data packages will be reviewed as to content and sample information upon receipt by EPA. I/E

ESAT Data validation personnel, EPA Region II and ERT SERAS QA/QC personnel

Final Sample Report The project data results will be compiled in a sample report for the project. Entries will be reviewed/verified against hardcopy information. E RST 2 SPM, Weston Solutions,

Inc.

R2 - 000067


Revision 00

61

QAPP Worksheet #35: Validation (Steps IIa and IIb) Process Table

Step IIa/IIb Validation Input Description Responsible for Validation (Name, Organization)

IIa SOPs Ensure that the sampling methods/procedures outlined in QAPP were followed, and that any deviations were noted/approved.

RST 2 SPM, Weston Solutions, Inc.

IIb SOPs Determine potential impacts from noted/approved deviations, in regard to PQOs. RST 2 SPM, Weston Solutions, Inc.

IIa Chains of custody Examine COC forms against QAPP and laboratory contract requirements (e.g., analytical methods, sample identification, etc.).

RST 2 Data Validator, Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

IIa Laboratory data package

Examine packages against QAPP and laboratory contract requirements, and against COC forms (e.g., holding times, sample handling, analytical methods, sample identification, data qualifiers, QC samples, etc.).

EPA Region II, Data Validator, Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

IIb Laboratory data package

Determine potential impacts from noted/approved deviations, in regard to PQOs. Examples include PQLs and QC sample limits (precision/accuracy).

EPA Region II, ESAT Data Validator, Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

IIb Field Duplicates Compare results of field duplicate analysis with RPD criteria EPA Region II, ESAT Data Validator, Site Project Manager, Weston Solutions, Inc.

R2 - 000068


Revision 00

62

QAPP Worksheet #36: Validation (Steps IIa and IIb) Summary Table

Step IIa/IIb Matrix Analytical Group Concentration Level

Validation Criteria

Data Validator (title and organizational

affiliation)

IIa / IIb Aqueous TCL VOCs Trace/Low Data Validation SOP for Organic Analysis of Trace Concentration VOCs under SOW SOM01.2

ESAT Data Validation Personnel, ERT SERAS Data Validation Personnel

IIa / IIb Solid TCL VOCs Low/Medium Data Validation SOP for Organic Analysis of Low/Medium Concentration VOCs under SOW SOM01.2

ESAT Data Validation Personnel, ERT SERAS Data Validation Personnel

R2 - 000069


Revision 00

63

QAPP Worksheet #37: Usability Assessment Summarize the usability assessment process and all procedures, including interim steps and any statistics, equations, and computer algorithms that will be used: Data, whether generated in the field or by the laboratory, are tabulated and reviewed for Precision, Accuracy, Representativeness, Completeness, and Comparability (PARCCS) by the SPM for field data or the data validator for laboratory data. The review of the PARCC Data Quality Indicators (DQI) will compare with the DQO detailed in the site-specific QAPP, the analytical methods used and impact of any qualitative and quantitative trends will be examined to determine if bias exists. A hard copy of field data is maintained in a designated field or site logbook. Laboratory data packages are validated, and final data reports are generated. All documents and logbooks are assigned unique and specific control numbers to allow tracking and management. Questions about Non-CLP data, as observed during the data review process, are resolved by contacting the respective site personnel and laboratories as appropriate for resolution. All communications are documented in the data validation record with comments as to the resolution to the observed deficiencies. Where applicable, the following documents will be followed to evaluate data for fitness in decision making: EPA QA/G-4, Guidance on Systematic Planning using the Data Quality Objectives Process, EPA/240/B-06/001, February 2006, and EPA QA/G-9R, Guidance for Data Quality Assessment, A reviewer’s Guide EPA/240/B-06/002, February 2006. Describe the evaluative procedures used to assess overall measurement error associated with the project: As delineated in the Uniform Federal Policy for Implementing Environmental Quality Systems: Evaluating, Assessing and Documenting Environmental Data Collection and Use Programs Part 1: UFP-QAPP (EPA-505-B-04-900A, March 2005); Part 2A: UFP-QAPP Workbook (EPA-505-B-04-900C, March 2005); Part 2B: Quality Assurance/Quality Control Compendium: Non-Time Critical QA/QC Activities (EPA-505-B-04-900B, March 2005); “Graded Approach” will be implemented for data collection activities that are either exploratory or small in nature or where specific decisions cannot be identified, since this guidance indicates that the formal DQO process is not necessary.

R2 - 000070


Revision 00

64

QAPP Worksheet #37: Usability Assessment (Concluded)

The data will be evaluated to determine whether they satisfy the PQO for the project. The validation process determines if the data satisfy the QA criteria. After the data pass the data validation process, comparison results with the PQO is done. If the VOC contamination in the soil, sediment, surface water and groundwater is detected above the PQO, then the cause to initiate a Removal Action will be evaluated. Identify the personnel responsible for performing the usability assessment: Site Project Management Team, Data Validation Personnel, and EPA, Region II OSC Describe the documentation that will be generated during usability assessment and how usability assessment results will be presented so that they identify trends, relationships (correlations), and anomalies: A copy of the most current approved QAPP, including any graphs, maps and text reports developed will be provided to all personnel identified on the distribution list.

R2 - 000071

Attachment A

Site Location Map

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New Methods CleanersTrenton, NJ 08618

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Attachment B

ERT SOPs

ERT SOP #2007 ERT SOP #2009 ERT SOP #2012 ERT SOP #2013 ERT SOP #2016

R2 - 000074

1

SOP#: 2007DATE: 01/26/95

REV. #: 0.0 GROUNDWATER WELL

SAMPLING

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION

The objective of this standard operating procedure(SOP) is to provide general reference information onsampling of ground water wells. This guideline isprimarily concerned with the collection of watersamples from the saturated zone of the subsurface.Every effort must be made to ensure that the sampleis representative of the particular zone of water beingsampled. These procedures are designed to be used inconjunction with analyses for the most common typesof ground water contaminants (e.g., volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, pesticides, metals,biological parameters).

These are standard (i.e., typically applicable)operating procedures which may be varied or changedas required, dependent upon site conditions,equipment limitations or limitations imposed by theprocedure. In all instances, the ultimate proceduresemployed should be documented and associated withthe final report.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) endorsement or recommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

In order to obtain a representative groundwater samplefor chemical analysis it is important to removestagnant water in the well casing and the waterimmediately adjacent to the well before collection ofthe sample. This may be achieved with one of anumber of instruments. The most common of theseare the bailer, submersible pump, non-contact gasbladder pump, inertia pump and suction pump. At aminimum, three well volumes should be purged, ifpossible. Equipment must be decontaminated prior touse and between wells. Once purging is completedand the correct laboratory-cleaned sample containershave been prepared, sampling may proceed. Samplingmay be conducted with any of the above instruments,

and need not be the same as the device used forpurging. Care should be taken when choosing thesampling device as some will affect the integrity ofthe sample. Sampling should occur in a progressionfrom the least to most contaminated well, if thisinformation is known.

The growing concern over the past several years overlow levels of volatile organic compounds in watersupplies has led to the development of highlysophisticated analytical methods that can providedetection limits at part per trillion levels. While thelaboratory methods are extremely sensitive, wellcontrolled and quality assured, they cannotcompensate for a poorly collected sample. Thecollection of a sample should be as sensitive, highlydeveloped and quality assured as the analyticalprocedures.

3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,CONTAINERS, HANDLING,AND STORAGE

The type of analysis for which a sample is beingcollected determines the type of bottle, preservative,holding time, and filtering requirements. Samplesshould be collected directly from the sampling deviceinto appropriate laboratory cleaned containers. Checkthat a Teflon liner is present in the cap, if required.Attach a sample identification label. Complete a fielddata sheet, a chain of custody form, and record allpertinent data in the site logbook.

Samples shall be appropriately preserved, labelled,logged, and placed in a cooler to be maintained at4EC. Samples must be shipped well before theholding time is up and ideally should be shippedwithin 24 hours of sample collection. It is imperativethat samples be shipped or delivered daily to theanalytical laboratory in order to maximize the timeavailable for the laboratory to perform the analyses.The bottles should be shipped with adequate packingand cooling to ensure that they arrive intact.

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2

Sample retrieval systems suitable for the validcollection of volatile organic samples are: positivedisplacement bladder pumps, gear driven submersiblepumps, syringe samplers and bailers (Barcelona, 1984;Nielsen, 1985). Field conditions and other constraintswill limit the choice of appropriate systems. Thefocus of concern must remain to provide a validsample for analysis, one which has been subjected tothe least amount of turbulence possible.

Treatment of the sample with sodium thiosulfatepreservative is required only if there is residualchlorine in the water that could cause free radicalchlorination and change the identity of the originalcontaminants. It should not be used if there is nochlorine in the water.

Holding time for volatiles analysis is seven days. It isimperative that the sample be shipped or delivereddaily to the analytical laboratory. The bottles must beshipped on their sides to aid in maintaining the airtightseal during shipment, with adequate packing andcooling to ensure that they arrive intact.

For collection of volatile organic samples, refer to thework plan to ensure that 40 mL glass sample vialswith Teflon lined septa are ordered and in sufficientnumbers. Check sampling supplies; field kit forchlorine, preservatives, Parafilm, foam sleeves andcoolers. Due to the extreme trace levels at whichvolatile organics are detectable, cross contaminationand introduction of contaminants must be avoided.Trip blanks are incorporated into the shipmentpackage to provide a check against crosscontamination.

4.0 INTERFERENCES ANDPOTENTIAL PROBLEMS

4.1 General

The primary goal in performing ground watersampling is to obtain a representative sample of theground water body. Analysis can be compromised byfield personnel in two primary ways: (1) taking anunrepresentative sample, or (2) by incorrect handlingof the sample. There are numerous ways ofintroducing foreign contaminants into a sample, andthese must be avoided by following strict samplingprocedures and utilizing trained field personnel.

4.2 Purging

In a nonpumping well, there will be little or novertical mixing of the water, and stratification willoccur. The well water in the screened section willmix with the ground water due to normal flowpatterns, but the well water above the screened sectionwill remain isolated, become stagnant, and may lackthe contaminants representative of the ground water.Persons sampling should realize that stagnant watermay contain foreign material inadvertently ordeliberately introduced from the surface, resulting inan unrepresentative sample. To safeguard againstcollecting nonrepresentative stagnant water, thefollowing guidelines and techniques should beadhered to during sampling:

1. As a general rule, all monitor wells should bepumped or bailed prior to sampling. Purgewater should be containerized on site orhandled as specified in the site specificproject plan. Evacuation of a minimum ofone volume of water in the well casing, andpreferably three to five volumes, isrecommended for a representative sample.In a high-yielding ground water formationand where there is no stagnant water in thewell above the screened section, evacuationprior to sample withdrawal is not as critical.However, in all cases where the monitoringdata is to be used for enforcement actions,evacuation is recommended.

2. When purging with a pump (not a bailer), thepump should be set at the screened interval,or if the well is an open-rock well, it shouldbe set at the same depth the sample will becollected. When sampling a screened well,the sample should also be collected from thesame depth the pump was set at.

3. The well should be sampled as soon aspossible after purging.

4. Analytical parameters typically dictatewhether the sample should be collectedthrough the purging device, or through aseparate sampling instrument.

5. For wells that can be pumped or bailed todryness with the equipment being used, thewell should be evacuated and allowed to

R2 - 000076

3

recover prior to collecting a sample. If the Advantagesrecovery rate is fairly rapid and time allows,evacuation of more than one volume of water C Only practical limitations on size andis preferred. If recovery is slow, sample the materialswell upon recovery after one evacuation.

6. A non-representative sample can also resultfrom excessive pre-pumping of the C Portablemonitoring well. Stratification of theleachate concentration in the ground water C Inexpensive, so it can be dedicated and hungformation may occur, or heavier-than-water in a well, thereby reducing the chances ofcompounds may sink to the lower portions of cross contaminationthe aquifer. Excessive pumping can dilute orincrease the contaminant concentrations from C Minimal outgassing of volatile organicswhat is representative of the sampling point while sample is in bailerof interest.

4.3 Materials

Materials of construction for samplers and evacuationequipment (bladders, pump, bailers, tubing, etc.)should be limited to stainless steel, Teflon , and glassR

in areas where concentrations are expected to be at ornear the detection limit. The tendency of organics toleach into and out of many materials make theselection of materials critical for trace analyses. Theuse of plastics, such as PVC or polyethylene, shouldbe avoided when analyzing for organics. However,PVC may be used for evacuation equipment as it willnot come in contact with the sample, and in highlycontaminated wells, disposable equipment (i.e.,polypropylene bailers) may be appropriate to avoidcross-contamination.

Materials of construction (bladders/ pumps, bailers,tubing, etc.) suitable for collecting and handlingVolatile Organic Samples should be limited tostainless steel, Teflon and glass in areas whichdetection limit range concentrations are expected.The tendency of organics to leach into and out ofmany materials, make the selection of materials Advantagescritical for these trace analyses. The use of plastics,e.g., PVC etc., should be avoided. There are C Portable and can be transported to severalnumerous ways of introducing foreign contaminants wellsinto a sample, and these must be avoided by followingstrict sampling procedures and utlization of trained C Depending upon the size of the pump and thepersonnel. pumping depths, relatively high pumping

4.4 Advantages/Disadvantages ofCertain Equipment

4.4.1 Bailers

C No power source needed

C Readily available

C Removes stagnant water first

C Rapid, simple method for removing smallvolumes of purge water

Disadvantages

C Time-consuming to flush a large well ofstagnant water

C Transfer of sample may cause aeration

C Stoppers at the bottom of the bailer usuallyleak thus the bailer must be brought to thesurface rapidly

C If the bailer is allowed to hit the bottom ofthe well boring, gravel can displace the ballvalve not allowing the bailer to hold water

4.4.2 Submersible Pumps

rates are possible

C Generally very reliable and does not requirepriming

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4

Disadvantages C Restricted to areas with water levels within

C Potential for effects on analysis of traceorganics C Vacuum can cause loss of dissolved gasses

C Heavy and cumbersome to deal with,particularly in deeper wells C Pump must be primed and vacuum is often

C Expensive pumping

C Power source needed

C Sediment in water may cause problems withthe pumps

C Impractical in low yielding or shallow wells

4.4.3 Non-Contact Gas Bladder Pumps

Advantages Disadvantages

C Maintains integrity of sample C Restricted to areas with water levels within

C Easy to use

C Can sample from discrete locations within these manual pumpsthe monitor well

Disadvantages

C Difficulty in cleaning, though dedicated diameter wellstubing and bladder may be used

C Only useful to about 100 feet

C Supply of gas for operation, gas bottlesand/or compressors are often difficult toobtain and are cumbersome

C Relatively low pumping rates

C Requires air compressor or pressurized gassource and control box

4.4.4 Suction Pumps

Advantages

C Portable, inexpensive, and readily available

Disadvantages

20 to 25 feet of the ground surface

and volatile organics

difficult to maintain during initial stages of

4.4.5 Inertia Pumps

Advantages

C Portable, inexpensive, and readily available

C Offers a rapid method for purging relativelyshallow wells

70 feet of the ground surface

C May be time consuming to purge wells with

C Labor intensive

C WaTerra pumps are only effective in 2-inch

5.0 EQUIPMENT APPARATUS

5.1 Equipment Checklist

5.1.1 General

C Water level indicator - electric sounder- steel tape- transducer- reflection sounder- airline

C Depth sounderC Appropriate keys for well cap locksC Steel brushC HNU or OVA (whichever is most

appropriate)C LogbookC CalculatorC Field data sheets and samples labels

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5

C Chain of custody records and seals - wire strippersC Sample containers - electrical tapeC Engineer's rule - heat shrinkC Sharp knife (locking blade) - hose connectorsC Tool box (to include at least: screwdrivers, - Teflon tape

pliers, hacksaw, hammer, flashlight, C Winch, pulley or hoistadjustable wrench) C Gasoline for generator/gas can

C Leather work gloves C Flow meter with gate valveC Appropriate Health & Safety gear C 1" nipples and various plumbing (i.e., pipeC 5-gallon pail connectors)C Plastic sheeting C Control box (if necessary)C Shipping containersC Packing materialsC Bolt cuttersC Ziploc plastic bags C Containers for evacuation liquidsC Decontamination solutions C Tap waterC Non phosphate soapC Several brushesC Pails or tubsC Aluminum foilC Garden sprayer C Preservatives C Distilled or deionized waterC Fire extinguisher (if using a generator for

your power source)

5.1.2 Bailers

C Clean, decontaminated bailers of appropriatesize and construction material

C Nylon line, enough to dedicate to each wellC Teflon coated bailer wireC Sharp knifeC Aluminum foil (to wrap clean bailers)C Five gallon bucket

5.1.3 Submersible Pump

C Pump(s)C Generator (110, 120, or 240 volt) or 12 volt

battery if inaccessible to field vehicle - ampmeter is useful

C 1" black PVC coil tubing - enough todedicate to each well

C Hose clampsC Safety cable C Tool box supplement

- pipe wrenches

5.1.4 Non-Gas Contact Bladder Pump

C Non-gas contact bladder pumpC Compressor or nitrogen gas tankC Batteries and chargerC Teflon tubing - enough to dedicate to each

wellC Swagelock fittingC Toolbox supplements - same as submersible

pumpC Control box (if necessary)

5.1.5 Suction Pump

C PumpC 1" black PVC coil tubing - enough to

dedicate to each wellC Gasoline - if requiredC ToolboxC Plumbing fittingsC Flow meter with gate valve

5.1.6 Inertia Pump

C Pump assembly (WaTerra pump, pistonpump)

C Five gallon bucket

6.0 REAGENTS

Reagents may be utilized for preservation of samplesand for decontamination of sampling equipment. Thepreservatives required are specified by the analysis tobe performed. Decontamination solutions arespecified in ERT SOP #2006, Sampling EquipmentDecontamination.

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6

7.0 PROCEDURE

7.1 Preparation

1. Determine the extent of the sampling effort,the sampling methods to be employed, andthe types and amounts of equipment andsupplies needed (i.e, diameter and depth ofwells to be sampled).

2. Obtain necessary sampling and monitoringequipment, appropriate to type ofcontaminant being investigated. Forcollection of volatile organic samples, referto the work plan to ensure that 40 mL glasssample vials with Teflon lined septa areordered and in sufficient numbers. Checksampling supplies; field kit for chlorine,preservatives, Parafilm, foam sleeves andcoolers. Due to extreme trace levels atwhich volatile organics are detectable, crosscontamination and introduction ofcontaminants must be avoided. Trip blanksare incorporated into the shipment package toprovide a check against cross contamination.

3. Decontaminate or preclean equipment, andensure that it is in working order.

4. Prepare scheduling and coordinate with staff,clients, and regulatory agency, if appropriate.

5. Perform a general site survey prior to siteentry in accordance with the site specificHealth and Safety Plan.

6. Identify and mark all sampling locations.

7.2 Field Preparation

1. Start at the least contaminated well, ifknown.

2. Lay plastic sheeting around the well tominimize likelihood of contamination ofequipment from soil adjacent to the well.

3. Remove locking well cap, note location, timeof day, and date in field notebook orappropriate log form.

4. Remove well casing cap.

5. Screen headspace of well with an appropriatemonitoring instrument to determine thepresence of volatile organic compounds andrecord in site logbook.

6. Lower water level measuring device orequivalent (i.e., permanently installedtransducers or airline) into well until watersurface is encountered.

7. Measure distance from water surface toreference measuring point on well casing orprotective barrier post and record in sitelogbook. Alternatively, if no reference point,note that water level measurement is fromtop of steel casing, top of PVC riser pipe,from ground surface, or some other positionon the well head.

If floating organics are of concern, this canbe determined by measuring the water levelwith an oil/water interface probe whichmeasures floating organics.

8. Measure total depth of well (at least twice toconfirm measurement) and record in sitelogbook or on field data sheet.

9. Calculate the volume of water in the well andthe volume to be purged using thecalculations in Section 8.0.

10. Select the appropriate purging and samplingequipment.

11. If residual chlorine is suspected, use theHach Field Test Kit for chlorine to determineif there is residual chlorine in the water to besampled. If there is, treat the sample vialwith a crystal of sodium thiosulfate prior tosample collection.

7.3 Purging

The amount of flushing a well receives prior to samplecollection depends on the intent of the monitoringprogram as well as the hydrogeologic conditions.Programs where overall quality determination of waterresources are involved may require long pumpingperiods to obtain a sample that is representative of alarge volume of that aquifer. The pumped volume canbe determined prior to sampling so that the sample is

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7

a collected after a known volume of the water is foreign materials.evacuated from the aquifer, or the well can be pumpeduntil the stabilization of parameters such as 3. Attach the line to the bailer and slowly lowertemperature, electrical conductance, pH, or turbidity until the bailer is completely submerged,has occurred. being careful not to drop the bailer to the

However, monitoring for defining a contaminant loss of volatile organic contaminants.plume requires a representative sample of a smallvolume of the aquifer. These circumstances require 4. Pull bailer out ensuring that the line eitherthat the well be pumped enough to remove the falls onto a clean area of plastic sheeting orstagnant water but not enough to induce flow from never touches the ground.other areas. Generally, three well volumes areconsidered effective, or calculations can be made to 5. Empty the bailer into a pail until full todetermine, on the basis of the aquifer parameters and determine the number of bails necessary towell dimensions, the appropriate volume to remove achieve the required purge volume.prior to sampling.

During purging, water level measurements may be and dispose of purge waters as specified intaken regularly at 15-30 second intervals. This data the site specific sampling plan.may be used to compute aquifer transmissivity andother hydraulic characteristics. The following wellevacuation devices are most commonly used. Otherevacuation devices are available, but have beenomitted in this discussion due to their limited use.

7.3.1 Bailers

Bailers are the simplest purging device used and have can be disassembled easily to allow surfaces contactedmany advantages. They generally consist of a rigid by contaminants to be cleaned, field decontaminationlength of tube, usually with a ball check-valve at the may be difficult and require solvents that can affectbottom. A line is used to lower the bailer into the sample analysis. The use of submersible pumps inwell and retrieve a volume of water. The three most multiple well-sampling programs, therefore, should becommon types of bailer are PVC, Teflon, and stainless carefully considered against other samplingsteel. mechanisms (bailers, bladder pumps). In most cases,

This manual method of purging is best suited to a submersible pump, however, submersible pumpsshallow or narrow diameter wells. For deep, larger may be the only practical sampling device fordiameter wells which require evacuation of large extremely deep wells (greater than 300 feet of water).volumes of water, other mechanical devices may be Under those conditions, dedicated pump systemsmore appropriate. should be installed to eliminate the potential for cross-

7.3.1.1 Operation

Equipment needed will include a cleandecontaminated bailer, Teflon or nylon line, a sharpknife, and plastic sheeting.

1. Determine the volume of water to be purgedas described in 8.0, calculations.

2. Lay plastic sheeting around the well toprevent contamination of the bailer line with

water, causing turbulence and the possible

6. Thereafter, pour the water into a container


The use of submersible pumps for sample collectionis permissible provided they are constructed ofsuitably noncontaminating materials. The chiefdrawback, however, is the difficulty avoiding cross-contamination between wells. Although some units

a sample can be collected by bailer after purging with

contamination of well samples.

Submersible pumps generally use one of two types ofpower supplies, either electric or compressed gas orair. Electric powered pumps can run off a 12 volt DCrechargeable battery, or a 110 or 220 volt AC powersupply. Those units powered by compressed airnormally use a small electric or gas-powered aircompressor. They may also utilize compressed gas(i.e., nitrogen) from bottles. Different size pumps areavailable for different depth or diameter monitoringwells.

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8

7.3.2.1 Operation

1. Determine the volume of water to be purgedas described in 8.0 Calculations.

2. Lay plastic sheeting around the well toprevent contamination of pumps, hoses orlines with foreign materials.

3. Assemble pump, hoses and safety cable, and They include: centrifugal, peristaltic and diaphragm.lower the pump into the well. Make sure the Diaphragm pumps can be used for well evacuation atpump is deep enough so all the water is not a fast pumping rate and sampling at a low pumpingevacuated. (Running the pump without water rate. The peristaltic pump is a low volume pump thatmay cause damage.) uses rollers to squeeze the flexible tubing thereby

4. Attach flow meter to the outlet hose to well to prevent cross contamination. Peristalticmeasure the volume of water purged. pumps, however, require a power source.

5. Use a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)or ground the generator to avoid possibleelectric shock.

6. Attach power supply, and purge the welluntil the specified volume of water has beenevacuated (or until field parameters, such astemperature, pH, conductivity, etc, havestabilized). Do not allow the pump to rundry. If the pumping rate exceeds the wellrecharge rate, lower the pump further into thewell, and continue pumping.

7. Collect and dispose of purge waters asspecified in the site specific sampling plan.


For this procedure, an all stainless-steel and TeflonMiddleburg-squeeze bladder pump (e.g., IEA,TIMCO, Well Wizard, Geoguard, and others) is usedto provide the least amount of material interference tothe sample (Barcelona, 1985). Water comes intocontact with the inside of the bladder (Teflon) and thesample tubing, also Teflon, that may be dedicated toeach well. Some wells may have permanentlyinstalled bladder pumps, (i.e., Well Wizard,Geoguard), that will be used to sample for allparameters.

7.3.3.1 Operation

1. Assemble Teflon tubing, pump and chargedcontrol box.

2. Procedure for purging with a bladder pump is

the same as for a submersible pump (Section7.3.2.1).

3. Be sure to adjust flow rate to prevent violentjolting of the hose as sample is drawn in.

7.3.4 Suction Pumps

There are many different types of suction pumps.

creating suction. This tubing can be dedicated to a

7.3.4.1 Operation

1. Assembly of the pump, tubing, and powersource if necessary.

2. Procedure for purging with a suction pump isexactly the same as for a submersible pump(Section 7.3.2.1).

7.3.5 Inertia Pumps

Inertia pumps such as the WaTerra pump and pistonpump, are manually operated. They are mostappropriate to use when wells are too deep to bail byhand, or too shallow or narrow (or inaccessible) towarrant an automatic (submersible, etc.) pump. Thesepumps are made of plastic and may be eitherdecontaminated or discarded.

7.3.5.1 Operation

1. Determine the volume of water to be purgedas described in 8.0, Calculations.

2. Lay plastic sheeting around the well toprevent contamination of pumps or hoseswith foreign materials.

3. Assemble pump and lower to the appropriatedepth in the well.

4. Begin pumping manually, discharging waterinto a 5 gallon bucket (or other graduatedvessel). Purge until specified volume ofwater has been evacuated (or until fieldparameters such as temperature, pH,

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9

conductivity, etc. have stabilized). once at the surface, remove the bailer from

5. Collect and dispose of purge waters as and remove the vial. Begin slowly pouringspecified in the site specific project plan. from the bailer, and collect the duplicate

7.4 Sampling

Sample withdrawal methods require the use of pumps,compressed air, bailers, and samplers. Ideally,purging and sample withdrawal equipment should becompletely inert, economical to manufacture, easilycleaned, sterilized, reusable, able to operate at remotesites in the absence of power resources, and capable ofdelivering variable rates for sample collection.

There are several factors to take into considerationwhen choosing a sampling device. Care should betaken when reviewing the advantages or disadvantagesof any one device. It may be appropriate to use adifferent device to sample than that which was used topurge. The most common example of this is the useof a submersible pump to purge and a bailer tosample.

7.4.1 Bailers

The positive-displacement volatile sampling bailer isperhaps the most appropriate for collection of watersamples for volatile analysis. Other bailer types(messenger, bottom fill, etc.) are less desirable, butmay be mandated by cost and site conditions.

7.4.1.1 Operation

1. Surround the monitor well with clean plasticsheeting. If using the GPI bailer, insert a vialinto the claim and assemble the unit.

2. Attach a line to a clean decontaminatedbailer.

3. Lower the bailer slowly and gently into thewell, taking care not to shake the casingsides or to splash the bailer into the water.Stop lowering at a point adjacent to thescreen.

4. Allow bailer to fill and then slowly andgently retrieve the bailer from the wellavoiding contact with the casing, so as not toknock flakes of rust or other foreignmaterials into the bailer. If using the GPIbailer for collecting volatile organic samples,

the cable. Carefully open the GPI bailer unit

samples from the midstream sample.

5. Remove the cap from the sample containerand place it on the plastic sheet or in alocation where it won't becomecontaminated. See Section 7.7 for specialconsiderations on VOA samples.

6. Begin slowly pouring from the bailer.

7. Filter and preserve samples as required bysampling plan.

8. Cap the sample container tightly and placeprelabeled sample container in a carrier.

9. Replace the well cap.

10. Log all samples in the site logbook and onfield data sheets and label all samples.

11. Package samples and complete necessarypaperwork.

12. Transport sample to decontamination zonefor preparation for transport to analyticallaboratory.


Although it is recommended that samples not becollected with a submersible pump due to the reasonsstated in Section 4.4.2, there are some situationswhere they may be used.

7.4.2.1 Operation

1. Allow the monitor well to recharge afterpurging, keeping the pump just abovescreened section.

2. Attach gate valve to hose (if not alreadyfitted), and reduce flow of water to amanageable sampling rate.

3. Assemble the appropriate bottles.

4. If no gate valve is available, run the water

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10

down the side of a clean jar and fill the prelabeled sample container in a carrier.sample bottles from the jar.

5. Cap the sample container tightly and placeprelabeled sample container in a carrier. 6. Log all samples in the site logbook and on


7. Log all samples in the site logbook and on paperwork.the field data sheets and label all samples.

8. Package samples and complete necessary for preparation for transport to analyticalpaperwork. laboratory.

9. Transport sample to decontamination zone 9. On completion, remove the tubing from thefor preparation for transport to the analytical well and either replace the Teflon tubing andlaboratory. bladder with new dedicated tubing and

10. Upon completion, remove pump and existing materials.assembly and fully decontaminate prior tosetting into the next sample well. Dedicate 10. Nonfiltered samples shall be collectedthe tubing to the hole. directly from the outlet tubing into the


The use of a non-contact gas positive displacementbladder pump is often mandated by the use ofdedicated pumps installed in wells. These pumps arealso suitable for shallow (less than 100 feet) wells.They are somewhat difficult to clean, but may be usedwith dedicated sample tubing to avoid cleaning.These pumps require a power supply and acompressed gas supply (or compressor). They may beoperated at variable flow and pressure rates makingthem ideal for both purging and sampling.

Barcelona (1984) and Nielsen (1985) report that the are not recommended for sampling purposes.non-contact gas positive displacement pumps causethe least amount of alteration in sample integrity ascompared to other sample retrieval methods.

7.4.3.1 Operation

1. Allow well to recharge after purging.


3. Turn pump on, increase the cycle time andreduce the pressure to the minimum that willallow the sample to come to the surface.

4. Cap the sample container tightly and place


field data sheets and label all samples.

7. Package samples and complete necessary

8. Transport sample to decontamination zone

bladder or rigorously decontaminate the

sample bottle.

11. For filtered samples, connect the pump outlettubing directly to the filter unit. The pumppressure should remain decreased so that thepressure build up on the filter does not blowout the pump bladder or displace the filter.For the Geotech barrel filter, no actualconnections are necessary so this is not aconcern.

7.4.4 Suction Pumps

In view of the limitations of these type pumps, they

7.4.5 Inertia Pumps

Inertia pumps may be used to collect samples. It ismore common, however, to purge with these pumpsand sample with a bailer (Section 7.4.1).

7.4.5.1 Operation

1. Following well evacuation, allow the well torecharge.


3. Since these pumps are manually operated,

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11

the flow rate may be regulated by thesampler. The sample may be dischargedfrom the pump outlet directly into theappropriate sample container.

4. Cap the sample container tightly and placeprelabeled sample container in a carrier.


6. Log all samples in the site logbook and onfield data sheets and label all samples.

7. Package samples and complete necessarypaperwork.

8. Transport sample to decontamination zonefor preparation for transport to the analyticallaboratory.

9. Upon completion, remove pump anddecontaminate or discard, as appropriate.

7.4.6. Sample Retrieval - Syringe

A limited number of commercial syringe typesamplers are available, (IEA, TIMCO, etc.) some arehomemade devices. These devices are claimed toprovide good quality samples for volatile analysis, butare severly limited in sample volume and are specificto sampling for volatiles. Essentially, they operatedwith an evacuated chamber that is lowered down thewell, and allowed to fill with the pressure of thewater. The entire mechanism is then brought to thesurface with the sample. The sample may then betransferred to a sample vial, or the entire unit may besent as the sample container.

1. Evacuate the syringe if necessary, and lowerthe sampling device to just below the wellscreen.

2. Remove the constriction from the device andallow the sample to fill the syringe, applyslight suction as necessary.

3. Bring unit to the surface. If necessary,transfer the sample to vials, as outlined insteps 2 through 7 above.

7.5 Filtering

For samples requiring filtering, such as total metalsanalysis, the filter must be decontaminated prior toand between uses. Filters work by two methods. Abarrel filter such as the "Geotech" filter works with abicycle pump, used to build up positive pressure in thechamber containing the sample which is then forcedthrough the filter paper (minimum size 0.45 µm) intoa jar placed underneath. The barrel itself is filledmanually from the bailer or directly via the hose of thesampling pump. The pressure must be maintained upto 30 lbs/in by periodic pumping.2

A vacuum type filter involves two chambers; theupper chamber contains the sample and a filter(minimum size 0.45 µm) divides the chambers. Usinga hand pump or a Gilian type pump, air is withdrawnfrom the lower chamber, creating a vacuum and thuscausing the sample to move through the filter into thelower chamber where it is drained into a sample jar.Repeated pumping may be required to drain all thesample into the lower chamber. If preservation of thesample is necessary, this should be done afterfiltering.

7.6 Post Operation

After all samples are collected and preserved, thesampling equipment should be decontaminated priorto sampling another well to preventcross-contamination of equipment and monitor wellsbetween locations.

1. Decontaminate all equipment.

2. Replace sampling equipment in storagecontainers.

3. Prepare and transport ground water samplesto the laboratory. Check sampledocumentation and make sure samples areproperly packed for shipment.

7.7 Special Considerations for VOASampling

The proper collection of a sample for volatile organicsrequires minimal disturbance of the sample to limitvolatilization and therefore a loss of volatiles from thesample.

R2 - 000085

Well volume '' nr 2h (cf) [Equation 1]

v(gal/ft) '' nr 2 (cf) [Equation 2]

vol/linear ft '' nr 2 (cf) [Equation 2]' 3.14 (1/12 ft)2 7.48 gal/ft 3

' 0.1632 gal/ft

12

Sample retrieval systems suitable for the valid where:collection of volatile organic samples are: positivedisplacement bladder pumps, gear driven submersiblepumps, syringe samplers and bailers (Barcelona, 1984;Nielsen, 1985). Field conditions and other constraintswill limit the choice of appropriate systems. Thefocus of concern must be to provide a valid sample foranalysis, one which has been subjected to the leastamount of turbulence possible.

The following procedures should be followed:

1. Open the vial, set cap in a clean place, andcollect the sample during the middle of thecycle. When collecting duplicates, collectboth samples at the same time.

2. Fill the vial to just overflowing. Do not rinsethe vial, nor excessively overflow it. Thereshould be a convex meniscus on the top ofthe vial.

3. Check that the cap has not beencontaminated (splashed) and carefully capthe vial. Place the cap directly over the topand screw down firmly. Do not overtightenand break the cap.

4. Invert the vial and tap gently. Observe vialfor at least ten (10) seconds. If an air bubbleappears, discard the sample and begin again.It is imperative that no entrapped air is in thesample vial.

5. Immediately place the vial in the protectivefoam sleeve and place into the cooler,oriented so that it is lying on its side, notstraight up.

6. The holding time for VOAs is seven days.Samples should be shipped or delivered tothe laboratory daily so as not to exceed theholding time. Ensure that the samplesremain at 4EC, but do not allow them tofreeze.

8.0 CALCULATIONS

If it is necessary to calculate the volume of the well,utilize the following equation:

n = pir = radius of monitoring well (feet)h = height of the water column (feet)

[This may be determined bysubtracting the depth to water fromthe total depth of the well asmeasured from the same referencepoint.]

cf = conversion factor (gal/ft ) = 7.483

gal/ft [In this equation, 7.48 gal/ft3 3

is the necessary conversion factor.]

Monitor well diameters are typically 2", 3", 4", or 6".Knowing the diameter of the monitor well, there area number of standard conversion factors which can beused to simplify the equation above.

The volume, in gallons per linear foot, for variousstandard monitor well diameters can be calculated asfollows:

where:

n = pir = radius of monitoring well (feet)cf = conversion factor (7.48 gal/ft )3

For a 2" diameter well, the volume per linear foot canbe calculated as follows:

Remember that if you have a 2" diameter well, youmust convert this to the radius in feet to be able to usethe equation.

The conversion factors for the common size monitorwells are as follows:

Well diameter 2" 3" 4" 6"Volume (gal/ft.) 0.1632 0.3672 0.6528 1.4688

If you utilize the conversion factors above, Equation

R2 - 000086

Well volume '' (h)(cf) [Equation 3]

13

1 should be modified as follows: must be implemented prior to sampling the first well.

where: such as minimizing contact with potentialcontaminants in both the vapor phase and liquid

h = height of water column (feet)cf = the conversion factor calculated

from Equation 2

The well volume is typically tripled to determine thevolume to be purged.

9.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL

There are no specific quality assurance (QA) activitieswhich apply to the implementation of theseprocedures. However, the following general QAprocedures apply:

1. All data must be documented on field datasheets or within site logbooks.

2. All instrumentation must be operated inaccordance with operating instructions assupplied by the manufacturer, unlessotherwise specified in the work plan.Equipment checkout and calibrationactivities must occur prior tosampling/operation and they must bedocumented.

3. The collection of rinsate blanks isrecommended to evaluate potential for crosscontamination from the purging and/orsampling equipment.

4. Trip blanks are required if analyticalparameters include VOAs.

10.0 DATA VALIDATION

This section is not applicable to this SOP.

11.0 HEALTH AND SAFETY

When working with potentially hazardous materials,follow U.S. EPA, OSHA or REAC health and safetyguidelines. More specifically, depending upon the sitespecific contaminants, various protective programs

The site health and safety plan should be reviewedwith specific emphasis placed on the protectionprogram planned for the well sampling tasks.Standard safe operating practices should be followed

matrix through the use of respirators and disposableclothing.

When working around volatile organic contaminants:

1. Avoid breathing constituents venting fromthe well.

2. Pre-survey the well head-space with anFID/PID prior to sampling.

3. If monitoring results indicate organicconstituents, sampling activities may beconducted in Level C protection. At aminimum, skin protection will be afforded bydisposable protective clothing.

Physical hazards associated with well sampling:

1. Lifting injuries associated with pump andbailers retrieval; moving equipment.

2. Use of pocket knives for cutting dischargehose.

3. Heat/cold stress as a result of exposure toextreme temperatures and protectiveclothing.

4. Slip, trip, fall conditions as a result of pumpdischarge.

5. Restricted mobility due to the wearing ofprotective clothing.

6. Electrical shock associated with use ofsubmersible pumps is possible. Use a GFCIor a copper grounding stake to avoid thisproblem.

12.0 REFERENCES

Barcelona, M.J., Helfrich, J.A., Garske, E.E., and J.P.Gibb, Spring 1984. "A Laboratory Evaluation ofGroundwater Sampling Mechanisms," Groundwater

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14

Monitoring Review, 1984 pp. 32-41. Development. 1980, Ada, OK.

Barcelona, M.J., Helfrich, J.A., and Garske, E.E., Sisk, S.W. NEIC Manual for Ground/Surface"Sampling Tubing Effects on Groundwater Samples", Investigations at Hazardous Waste Sites,Analy. Chem., Vol. 57, 1985 pp. 460-463. EPA-330/9-81-002, 1981.

Driscoll, F.G., Groundwater and Wells (2nd ed.) U.S. Department of the Interior, National HandbookJohnson Division, UOP Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota, of Recommended Methods for Water-Data1986, 1089 pp. Acquisition, Reston, Virginia.

Gibb, J.P., R.M. Schuller, and R.A. Griffin,. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977.Monitoring Well Sampling and Preservation Procedures Manual for Groundwater Monitoring atTechniques, EPA-600/9-80-010, 1980. March, 1980. Solid Waste Disposal Facilities. EPA-530/SW-611.

Instrument Specialties Company, (January).Instruction Manual, Model 2100 Wastewater Sampler, U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR Parts 100Lincoln, Nebraska, 1980. to 177, Transportation revised November 1, 1985.

Keely, J.F. and Kwasi Boateng, Monitoring Well U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982.Installation, Purging and Sampling Techniques - Part Handbook for Chemical and Sample Preservation ofI: Conceptualizations, Groundwater V25, No. 3, 1987 Water and Wastewater, EPA-600/4-82-029,pp. 300-313. Washington, D.C.

Keith, Lawrence H., Principles of Environmental U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1983.Sampling, American Chemical Society, 1988. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Waste,

Korte, Nic, and Dennis Ealey,. Procedures for FieldChemical Analyses of Water Samples, U.S. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1984. TestDepartment of Energy, GJ/TMC-07, Technical Methods for Evaluation of Solid Waste,Measurements Center, Grand Junction Project Office, EPA-SW-846, Second Edition, Washington, D.C.1983.

Korte, Nic, and Peter Kearl,. Procedures for the Manual of Groundwater Quality Sampling Procedures,Collection and Preservation of Groundwater and EPA-600/2-81-160, Washington, D.C.Surface Water Samples and for the Installation ofMonitoring Wells: Second Edition, U.S. Department U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1985.of Energy, GJ/TMC-08, Technical Measurements Practical Guide for Groundwater Sampling,Center, Grand Junction Projects Office, 1985. EPA-600/2-85/104, September, 1985.

National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986. RCRAStream Improvement, Inc.,. A Guide to Groundwater Groundwater Monitoring Technical EnforcementSampling, Technical Bulletin No. 362, Madison, New Guidance Document, OSWER-9950-1, September,York. January, 1982. 1986.

Nielsen, David M. and Yeates, Gillian L., Spring. "A Weston, 1987. Standard Operations Procedures forComparison of Sampling Mechanisms Available for Monitor Well Installation. MOUND IGMP/RIP.Small-Diameter Groundwater Monitoring Wells,"Groundwater Monitoring Review, 1985 pp. 83-99. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1982.

Scalf, et al. (M.J. Scalf, McNabb, W. Dunlap, R. Water and Wastewater, EPA-600/4-82-029,Crosby, and J. Fryberger),. Manual for Groundwater Washington, D.C.Sampling Procedures. R.S. Kerr EnvironmentalResearch Laboratory, Office of Research and --- 1981. Manual of Groundwater Quality

August, 1977.

EPA-600/4-79-020, Washington, D.C.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1981.

Handbook for Sampling and Sample Preservation of

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Sampling Procedures, EPA-600/2-81-160, WESTON, 1987. Standard Operating Procedures forWashington, D.C. Monitor Well Installation. MOUND IGMP/RIP

--- 1985. Practice Guide for Groundwater Barcelona, M.J. Helfrich, J.A., and Garske, E.E.,Sampling, EPA-600/2/85-104, September "Sampling Tubing Effects on Groundwater Samples".1985. 1985, Analy. Chem., Vol. 57, pp. 460-463.

Nielsen, David M. and Yeates, Gillian L., Spring1985. "A Comparison of Sampling MechanismsAvailable for Small-Diameter GroundwaterMonitoring Wells," Groundwater Monitoring Review,pp. 83-99.

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SOP#: 2009DATE: 11/16/94

REV. #: 0.0 DRUM SAMPLING

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,

The purpose of this standard operating procedure(SOP) is to provide technical guidance onimplementing safe and cost-effective response actionsat hazardous waste sites containing drums withunknown contents. Container contents are sampledand characterized for disposal, bulking, recycling,segregation, and classification purposes.

These are standard (i.e., typically applicable)operating procedures which may be varied or changedas required, dependent on site conditions, equipmentlimitations or limitations imposed by the procedure.In all instances, the ultimate procedures employedshould be documented and associated with the finalreport.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(U.S. EPA) endorsement or recommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Prior to sampling, drums must be excavated, (ifnecessary), inspected, staged, and opened. Drumexcavation must be performed by qualified personnel.Inspection involves the observation and recording ofvisual qualities of each drum and any characteristicspertinent to the classification of the drum's contents.Staging involves the physical grouping of drumsaccording to classifications established during thephysical inspection. Opening of closed drums can beperformed manually or remotely. Remote drumopening is recommended for worker safety. The mostwidely used method of sampling a drum involves theuse of a glass thief. This method is quick, simple,relatively inexpensive, and requires nodecontamination. The contents of a drum can befurther characterized by performing various field tests.

CONTAINERS, HANDLING,AND STORAGE

Samples collected from drums are considered wastesamples and as such, adding preservatives is notrequired due to the potential reaction of the samplewith the preservative. Samples should, however, becooled to 4 C and protected from sunlight in order too

minimize any potential reaction due to the lightsensitivity of the sample.

Sample bottles for collection of waste liquids, sludges,or solids are typically wide mouth amber jars withTeflon-lined screw caps. Actual volume required foranalysis should be determined in conjunction with thelaboratory performing the analysis.

Waste sample handling procedures should be asfollows:

1. Label the sample container with theappropriate sample label and complete theappropriate field data sheet(s). Place samplecontainer into two resealable plastic bags.

2. Place each bagged sample container into ashipping container which has been lined withplastic. Pack the container with enough non-combustible, absorbent, cushioning materialto minimize the possibility of containersbreaking, and to absorb any material whichmay leak.

Note: Depending on the nature and quantityof the material to be shipped, differentpackaging may be required. Thetransportation company or ashipping/receiving expert should beconsulted prior to packing the samples.

3. Complete a chain of custody record for eachshipping container, place into a resealable

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plastic bag, and affix to the inside lid of the tube (3 meters long) is positioned at the vapor spaceshipping container. of the drum. A rigid, hooking device attached to the

4. Secure and custody seal the lid of the in place. The spear is inserted in the tube andshipping container. Label the shipping positioned against the drum wall. A sharp blow oncontainer appropriately and arrange for the the end of the spear drives the sharpened tip throughappropriate transportation mode consistent the drum and the gas vents along the grooves.with the type of hazardous waste involved. Venting should be done from behind a wall or


If buried drums are suspected, geophysicalinvestigation techniques such as magnetometry orground penetrating radar may be employed in anattempt to determine the location and depth of drums.During excavation, the soil must be removed withgreat caution to minimize the potential for drumrupture.

Until the contents are characterized, samplingpersonnel should assume that unlabelled drumscontain hazardous materials. Labelled drums arefrequently mislabelled, especially drums that arereused. Because a drum's label may not accuratelydescribe its contents, extreme caution must beexercised when working with or around drums.

If a drum which contains a liquid cannot be movedwithout rupture, its contents may be immediatelytransferred to a sound drum using an appropriatemethod of transfer based on the type of waste. In anycase, preparations should be made to contain the spill(i.e., spill pads, dike, etc.) should one occur.

If a drum is leaking, open, or deteriorated, then it mustbe placed immediately in overpack containers.

The practice of tapping drums to determine theircontents is neither safe nor effective and should not beused if the drums are visually overpressurized or ifshock-sensitive materials are suspected. A laserthermometer may be effective in order to determinethe level of the drum contents via surface temperaturedifferences.

Drums that have been overpressurized to the extentthat the head is swollen several inches above the levelof the chime should not be moved. A number ofdevices have been developed for venting criticallyswollen drums. One method that has proven to beeffective is a tube and spear device. A light aluminum

tube, goes over the chime and holds the tube securely

barricade. Once the pressure has been relieved, thebung can be removed and the drum sampled.

Because there is potential for accidents to occurduring handling, particularly initial handling, drumsshould only be handled if necessary. All personnelshould be warned of the hazards prior to handlingdrums. Overpack drums and an adequate volume ofabsorbent material should be kept near areas whereminor spills may occur. Where major spills mayoccur, a containment berm adequate to contain theentire volume of liquid in the drums should beconstructed before any handling takes place. If drumcontents spill, personnel trained in spill responseshould be used to isolate and contain the spill.

5.0 EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS

The following are standard materials and equipmentrequired for sampling:

C Personal protection equipmentC Wide-mouth amber glass jars with Teflon

cap liner, approximately 500 mL volumeC Other appropriate sample jarsC Uniquely numbered sample identification

labels with corresponding data sheetsC Drum/Tank Sampling Data Sheets and Field

Test Data Sheets for Drum/Tank SamplingC Chain of Custody recordsC Decontamination materialsC Glass thieving tubes or COLIWASAC Coring deviceC Stainless steel spatula or spoonsC Laser thermometerC Drum overpacksC Absorbent material for spillsC Drum opening devices

Bung Wrench

A common method for opening drumsmanually is using a universal bung wrench.These wrenches have fittings made to

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remove nearly all commonly encountered Pneumatic Devicesbungs. They are usually constructed of anon-sparking metal alloy (i.e., brass, A pneumatic bung remover consists of abronze/manganese, aluminum, etc.) compressed air supply that is controlled by aformulated to reduce the likelihood of sparks. two-stage regulator. A high pressure air lineThe use of a "NON-SPARKING" wrench of desired length delivers compressed air todoes not completely eliminate the possibility a pneumatic drill, which is adapted to turnof a spark being produced. bung fitting selected to fit the bung to be

Drum Deheader has been designed to position and align the

One means by which a drum can be opened bracketing system must be attached to themanually when a bung is not removable with drum before the drill can be operated. Oncea bung wrench is by using a drum deheader. the bung has been loosened, the bracketingThis tool is constructed of forged steel with system must be removed before the drum canan alloy steel blade and is designed to cut the be sampled. This remote bung opener doeslid of a drum off or part way off by means of not permit the slow venting of the container,a scissors-like cutting action. A limitation of and therefore appropriate precautions mustthis device is that it can be attached only to be taken. It also requires the container to beclosed head drums. Drums with removable upright and relatively level. Bungs that areheads must be opened by other means. rusted shut cannot be removed with this

Hand Pick, Pickaxe, and Hand Spike

These tools are usually constructed of brassor a non-sparking alloy with a sharpenedpoint that can penetrate the drum lid or headwhen the tool is swung. The hand picks orpickaxes that are most commonly used arecommercially available; whereas, the spikesare generally uniquely fabricated four footlong poles with a pointed end.

Backhoe Spike

Another means used to open drums remotelyfor sampling is a metal spike attached orwelded to a backhoe bucket. This method isvery efficient and is often used in large-scaleoperations.

Hydraulic Drum Opener

Recently, remotely operated hydraulicdevices have been fabricated to open drums.This device uses hydraulic pressure to forcea non-sparking spike through the wall of adrum. It consists of a manually operatedpump which pressurizes fluid through alength of hydraulic line.

removed. An adjustable bracketing system

pneumatic drill over the bung. This

device.

6.0 REAGENTS

Reagents are not typically required for preservingdrum samples. However, reagents will be utilized fordecontamination of sampling equipment.

7.0 PROCEDURES

7.1 Preparation

1. Determine the extent of the sampling effort,the sampling methods to be employed, andthe types and amounts of equipment andsupplies needed.

2. Obtain necessary sampling and monitoringequipment.




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6. Use stakes, flagging, or buoys to identify and 2. Symbols, words, or other markings on themark all sampling locations. If required the drum indicating hazards (i.e., explosive,proposed locations may be adjusted based on radioactive, toxic, flammable), or furthersite access, property boundaries, and surface identifying the drums.obstructions.

7.2 Drum Excavation

If it is presumed that buried drums are on-site andprior to beginning excavation activities, geophysicalinvestigation techniques should be utilized toapproximate the location and depth of the drums. Inaddition, it is important to ensure that all locationswhere excavation will occur are clear of utility lines,pipes and poles (subsurface as well as above surface).

Excavating, removing, and handling drums aregenerally accomplished with conventional heavyconstruction equipment. These activities should beperformed by an equipment operator who hasexperience in drum excavation. During excavationactivities, drums must be approached in a manner thatwill avoid digging directly into them.

The soil around the drum should be excavated withnon-sparking hand tools or other appropriate meansand as the drums are exposed, a visual inspectionshould be made to determine the condition of thedrums. Ambient air monitoring should be done todetermine the presence of unsafe levels of volatileorganics, explosives, or radioactive materials. Basedon this preliminary visual inspection, the appropriatemode of drum excavation and handling may bedetermined.

Drum identification and inventory should begin beforeexcavation. Information such as location, date ofremoval, drum identification number, overpack status,and any other identification marks should be recordedon the Drum/Tank Sampling Data Sheet (Attachment1, Appendix A).

7.3 Drum Inspection

Appropriate procedures for handling drums depend onthe contents. Thus, prior to any handling, drumsshould be visually inspected to gain as muchinformation as possible about their contents. Thedrums should be inspected for the following:

1. Drum condition, corrosion, rust, punctures,bungs, and leaking contents.

3. Signs that the drum is under pressure.

4. Shock sensitivity.

Monitoring should be conducted around the drumsusing instruments such as radiation meters, organicvapor analyzers (OVA) and combustible gasindicators (CGI).

Survey results can be used to classify the drums intocategories, for instance:

C RadioactiveC Leaking/deterioratingC BulgingC Lab packsC Explosive/shock sensitiveC Empty

All personnel should assume that unmarked drumscontain hazardous materials until their contents havebeen categorized. Once a drum has been visuallyinspected and any immediate hazard has beeneliminated by overpacking or transferring the drum'scontents, the drum is affixed with a numbered tag andtransferred to a staging area. Color-coded tags, labelsor bands should be used to identify the drum'scategory based on visual inspection. A description ofeach drum, its condition, any unusual markings, thelocation where it was buried or stored, and fieldmonitoring information are recorded on a Drum/TankSampling Data Sheet (Attachment 1, Appendix A).This data sheet becomes the principal record keepingtool for tracking the drum on-site.

7.4 Drum Staging

Prior to sampling, the drums should be staged to alloweasy access. Ideally, the staging area should belocated just far enough from the drum opening area toprevent a chain reaction if one drum should explode orcatch fire when opened.

During staging, the drums should be physicallyseparated into the following categories: thosecontaining liquids, those containing solids, thosecontaining lab packs, and those which are empty.

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This is done because the strategy for sampling and drums are structurally sound (no evidence of bulginghandling drums/containers in each of these categories or deformation) and their contents are known to bewill be different. This may be achieved by visual non-shock sensitive, non-reactive, non-explosive orinspection of the drum and its labels, codes, etc. non-flammable. If opening the drum with bungSolids and sludges are typically disposed of in open wrenches is deemed safe, then certain procedurestop drums. Closed head drums with a bung opening should be implemented to minimize the hazard:generally contain liquid.

Where there is good reason to suspect that drums protective gear.contain radioactive, explosive, or shock-sensitive C Drums should be positioned upright with thematerials, these drums should be staged in a separate, bung up, or, for drums with bungs on theisolated area. Placement of explosives and shock- side, laid on their sides with the bung plugssensitive materials in diked and fenced areas will up.minimize the hazard and the adverse effects of any C The wrenching motion should be a slow,premature detonation of explosives. steady pull across the drum. If the length of

Where space allows, the drum opening area should be leverage for unscrewing the plug, a "cheaterphysically separated from the drum removal and drum bar" can be attached to the handle to improvestaging operations. Drums are moved from the leverage.staging area to the drum opening area one at a timeusing forklift trucks equipped with drum grabbers ora barrel grappler. In a large-scale drum handlingoperation, drums may be conveyed to the drumopening area using a roller conveyor. Drums may berestaged as necessary after opening and sampling.

7.5 Drum Opening

There are three basic techniques available for openingdrums at hazardous waste sites:

C Manual opening with non-sparking bungwrenches

C Drum deheadingC Remote drum puncturing or bung removal

The choice of drum opening techniques andaccessories depends on the number of drums to beopened, their waste contents, and physical condition.Remote drum opening equipment should always beconsidered in order to protect worker safety. UnderOSHA 1910.120, manual drum opening with bungwrenches or deheaders should be performed ONLYwith structurally sound drums and waste contents thatare known to be non-shock sensitive, non-reactive,non-explosive, and non-flammable.

7.5.1 Manual Drum Opening with a BungWrench 7.5.3 Manual Drum Opening with a Hand

Manual drum opening with bung wrenches (Figure 1,Appendix B) should not be performed unless the

C Field personnel should be fully outfitted with

the bung wrench handle provides inadequate

7.5.2 Manual Drum Opening with a DrumDeheader

Drums are opened with a drum deheader (Figure 2,Appendix B) by first positioning the cutting edge justinside the top chime and then tightening theadjustment screw so that the deheader is held againstthe side of the drum. Moving the handle of thedeheader up and down while sliding the deheaderalong the chime will enable the entire top to be rapidlycut off if so desired. If the top chime of a drum hasbeen damaged or badly dented it may not be possibleto cut the entire top off. Since there is always thepossibility that a drum may be under pressure, theinitial cut should be made very slowly to allow for thegradual release of any built-up pressure. A safertechnique would be to employ a remote method priorto using the deheader.

Self-propelled drum openers which are eitherelectrically or pneumatically driven are available andcan be used for quicker and more efficient deheading.

The drum deheader should be decontaminated, asnecessary, after each drum is opened to avoid crosscontamination and/or adverse chemical reactions fromincompatible materials.

Pick, Pickaxe, or Spike

When a drum must be opened and neither a bung

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wrench nor a drum deheader is suitable, then it can beopened for sampling by using a hand pick, pickaxe, orspike (Figure 3, Appendix B). Often the drum lid orhead must be hit with a great deal of force in order topenetrate it. Because of this, the potential for splashor spraying is greater than with other opening methodsand therefore, this method of drum opening is notrecommended, particularly when opening drumscontaining liquids. Some spikes used have beenmodified by the addition of a circular splash plate nearthe penetrating end. This plate acts as a shield andreduces the amount of splash in the direction of theperson using the spike. Even with this shield, goodsplash gear is essential.

Since drums, some of which may be under pressure,cannot be opened slowly with these tools, spray fromdrums is common and appropriate safety measuresmust be taken. The pick or spike should bedecontaminated after each drum is opened to avoidcross contamination and/or adverse chemical reactionfrom incompatible materials.

7.5.4 Remote Drum Opening with aBackhoe Spike

Remotely operated drum opening tools are the safestavailable means of drum opening. Remote drumopening is slow, but provides a high degree of safetycompared to manual methods of opening.

In the opening area, drums should be placed in rowswith adequate aisle space to allow ease in backhoemaneuvering. Once staged, the drums can be quicklyopened by punching a hole in the drum head or lidwith the spike.

The spike (Figure 4, Appendix B) should bedecontaminated after each drum is opened to preventcross contamination and/or adverse reaction fromincompatible material. Even though some splash orspray may occur when this method is used, theoperator of the backhoe can be protected by mountinga large shatter-resistant shield in front of the operator'scage. This combined with the normal personalprotection gear should be sufficient to protect theoperator. Additional respiratory protection can beafforded by providing the operator with an on-boardairline system.

7.5.5 Remote Drum Opening withHydraulic Devices

A piercing device with a non-sparking, metal point isattached to the end of a hydraulic line and is pushedinto the drum by the hydraulic pressure (Figure 5,Appendix B). The piercing device can be attached sothat a hole for sampling can be made in either the sideor the head of the drum. Some of the metal piercersare hollow or tube-like so that they can be left in placeif desired and serve as a permanent tap or samplingport. The piercer is designed to establish a tight sealafter penetrating the container.

7.5.6 Remote Drum Opening withPneumatic Devices

Pneumatically-operated devices utilizing compressedair have been designed to remove drum bungsremotely (Figure 6, Appendix B). Prior to opening thedrum, a bung fitting must be selected to fit the bung tobe removed. The adjustable bracketing system is thenattached to the drum and the pneumatic drill is alignedover the bung. This must be done before the drill canbe operated. The operator then moves away from thedrum to operate the equipment. Once the bung hasbeen loosened, the bracketing system must beremoved before the drum can be sampled. Thisremote bung opener does not permit the slow ventingof the container, and therefore appropriate precautionsmust be taken. It also requires the container to beupright and relatively level. Bungs that are rustedshut cannot be removed with this device.

7.6 Drum Sampling

After the drum has been opened, preliminarymonitoring of headspace gases should be performedfirst with an explosimeter/oxygen meter. Afterwards,an OVA or other instruments should be used. Ifpossible, these instruments should be intrinsicallysafe. In most cases it is impossible to observe thecontents of these sealed or partially sealed drums.Since some layering or stratification is likely in anysolution left undisturbed, a sample that represents theentire depth of the drum must be taken.

When sampling a previously sealed drum, a checkshould be made for the presence of a bottom sludge.This is easily accomplished by measuring the depth toapparent bottom then comparing it to the knowninterior depth.

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7.6.1 Glass Thief Sampler

The most widely used implement for sampling drumliquids is a glass tube commonly referred to as a glassthief (Figure 7, Appendix B). This tool is costeffective, quick, and disposable. Glass thieves aretypically 6mm to 16mm I.D. and 48 inches long.

Procedures for Use:

1. Remove the cover from the sample container.

2. Insert glass tubing almost to the bottom ofthe drum or until a solid layer is encountered.About one foot of tubing should extendabove the drum.

3. Allow the waste in the drum to reach its The Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)natural level in the tube. and modifications thereof are equipment that collect

4. Cap the top of the sampling tube with a it in the transfer tube until delivery to the sampletapered stopper or thumb, ensuring liquid bottle. The COLIWASA (Figure 8, Appendix B) is adoes not come into contact with stopper. much cited sampler designed to permit representative

5. Carefully remove the capped tube from the containerized wastes. One configuration consists ofdrum and insert the uncapped end into the a 152 cm by 4 cm I.D. section of tubing with aappropriate sample container. neoprene stopper at one end attached by a rod running

6. Release stopper and allow the glass thief to other end. drain until the container is approximatelytwo-thirds full. Manipulation of the locking mechanism opens and

7. Remove tube from the sample container, neoprene stopper. One model of the COLIWASA isbreak it into pieces and place the pieces in shown in Appendix B; however, the design can bethe drum. modified and/or adapted somewhat to meet the needs

8. Cap the sample container tightly and label it.Place the sample container into a carrier. The major drawbacks associated with using a

9. Replace the bung or place plastic over the sampler is difficult to decontaminate in the field anddrum. its high cost in relation to alternative procedures (glass

10. Log all samples in the site logbook and on has applications, however, especially in instancesDrum/Tank Sampling Data Sheets. where a true representation of a multiphase waste is

11. Perform hazard categorization analyses ifincluded in the project scope. Procedures for Use

12. Transport the sample to the decontamination 1. Put the sampler in the open position byzone and package it for transport to the placing the stopper rod handle in the T-analytical laboratory, as necessary. position and pushing the rod down until theComplete chain of custody records. handle sits against the sampler's locking

In many instances a drum containing waste materialwill have a sludge layer on the bottom. Slow insertionof the sample tube into this layer; then a gradualwithdrawal will allow the sludge to act as a bottomplug to maintain the fluid in the tube. The plug can begently removed and placed into the sample containerby the use of a stainless steel lab spoon.

It should be noted that in some instances disposal ofthe tube by breaking it into the drum may interferewith eventual plans for the removal of its contents.The use of this technique should be cleared with theproject officer or other glass thief disposal techniquesshould be evaluated.

7.6.2 COLIWASA Sampler

a sample from the full depth of a drum and maintain

sampling of multiphase wastes from drums and other

the length of the tube to a locking mechanism at the

closes the sampler by raising and lowering the

of the sampler.

COLIWASA concern decontamination and costs. The

tubes) make it an impractical throwaway item. It still

absolutely necessary.

block.

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2. Slowly lower the sampler into the liquid Procedures for use:waste. Lower the sampler at a rate thatpermits the levels of the liquid inside and 1. Assemble the sampling equipment.outside the sampler tube to be about thesame. If the level of the liquid in the sample 2. Remove the cover from the sample container.tube is lower than that outside the sampler,the sampling rate is too fast and will result in 3. Insert the sampling device to the bottom ofa non-representative sample. the drum. The extensions and the "T" handle

3. When the sampler stopper hits the bottom ofthe waste container, push the sampler tube 4. Rotate the sampling device to cut a core ofdownward against the stopper to close the material.sampler. Lock the sampler in the closedposition by turning the T-handle until it is 5. Slowly withdraw the sampling device so thatupright and one end rests tightly on the as much sample material as possible islocking block. retained within it.

4. Slowly withdraw the sample from the waste 6. Transfer the sample to the appropriatecontainer with one hand while wiping the sample container, and label it. A stainlesssampler tube with a disposable cloth or rag steel spoon or scoop may be used aswith the other hand. necessary.

5. Carefully discharge the sample into theappropriate sample container by slowly 7. Cap the sample container tightly and place itpulling the lower end of the T-handle away in a carrier.from the locking block while the lower endof the sampler is positioned in a sample 8. Replace the bung or place plastic over thecontainer. drum.

6. Cap the sample container tightly and label it. 9. Log all samples in the site log book and onPlace the sample container in a carrier. Drum/Tank Sampling Data Sheets.

7. Replace the bung or place plastic over the 10. Perform hazard categorization analyses ifdrum. included in the project scope.

8. Log all samples in the site logbook and on 11. Transport the sample to the decontaminationDrum/Tank Sampling Data Sheets. zone and package it for transport to the

9. Perform hazard categorization analyses if Complete chain of custody records.included in the project scope.

10. Transport the sample to the decontaminationzone and package for transport to theanalytical laboratory, as necessary.Complete the Chain of Custody records.

7.6.3 Coring Device

A coring device may be used to sample drum solids. regarding drum staging or restaging, bulking orSamples should be taken from different areas within compositing of the drum contents.the drum. This sampler consists of a series ofextensions, a T- handle, and the coring device.

should extend above the drum.

analytical laboratory, as necessary.

7.7 Hazard Categorization

The goal of characterizing or categorizing the contentsof drums is to obtain a quick, preliminary assessmentof the types and levels of pollutants contained in thedrums. These activities generally involve rapid, non-rigorous methods of analysis. The data obtained fromthese methods can be used to make decisions

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As a first step in obtaining these data, standard tests 1. All data must be documented on Chain ofshould be used to classify the drum contents into Custody records, Drum/Tank Sampling Datageneral categories such as auto-reactives, water Sheets, Field Test Data Sheet for Drum/Tankreactives, inorganic acids, organic acids, heavy Sampling, or within site logbooks.metals, pesticides, cyanides, inorganic oxidizers, andorganic oxidizers. In some cases, further analyses 2. All instrumentation must be operated inshould be conducted to more precisely identify the accordance with operating instructions asdrum contents. supplied by the manufacturer, unless

There are several methods available to perform these Equipment checkout and calibrationtests: activities must occur prior to

C the HazCat chemical identification system documented.R

C the Chlor-N-Oil Test KitC Spill-fyter Chemical Classifier StripsC Setaflash (for ignitability)

These methods must be performed according to themanufacturers' instructions and the results must bedocumented on the Field Test Data Sheet forDrum/Tank Sampling (Attachment 2, Appendix A).

Other tests which may be performed include:

C Water ReactivityC Specific Gravity Test (compared to water)C Water Solubility TestC pH of Aqueous Solution

The tests must be performed in accordance with theinstructions on the Field Test Data Sheet forDrum/Tank Sampling and results of the tests must bedocumented on these data sheets.

The specific methods that will be used for hazardcategorization must be documented in the QualityAssurance Work Plan.

8.0 CALCULATIONS



The following general quality assurance proceduresapply:

otherwise specified in the work plan.

sampling/operation, and they must be




When working with potentially hazardous materials,follow U.S. EPA, OSHA, and corporate health andsafety procedures.

More specifically, the opening of closed containers isone of the most hazardous site activities. Maximumefforts should be made to ensure the safety of thesampling team. Proper protective equipment and ageneral awareness of the possible dangers willminimize the risk inherent to sampling operations.Employing proper drum opening techniques andequipment will also safeguard personnel. The use ofremote sampling equipment whenever feasible ishighly recommended.

12.0 REFERENCES

Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Tank andDrum Sites, OSWER Directive 9380.0-3.

Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites,EPA-600/2-86-013.

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APPENDIX A

Attachments

ATTACHMENT 1. Drum/Tank Sampling Data Sheet

Samplers: Date:

Site Name: Work Order Number: 3347-040-001-

Container Number/Sample Number: REAC Task Leader:

SITE INFORMATION:

1. Terrain, drainage description:________________________________________________________________

2. Weather conditions (from observation):________________________________________________________

MET station on site: No Yes

CONTAINER INFORMATION:

1. Container type: Drum Tank Other:_________________________________________________

2. Container dimensions: Shape:________________________________________________________

Approximate size:_______________________________________________

3. Label present: NoYes:__________________________________________________________

Other Markings: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Spill or leak present: No Yes Dimensions:____________________________________________

5. Container location: (Circle one) N/A See Map Other: ____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

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APPENDIX A (Cont’d)

Attachments

ATTACHMENT 1. Drum/Tank Sampling Data Sheet (cont’d)

SAMPLE INFORMATION:

1. Description: _____ liquid _____ solid (_____ powder or _____ crystals) _____ sludge

2. Color: _________________________ Vapors:_____________________ Other:_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Local effects present: (damage - environmental,material)_____________________________________________

FIELD MONITORING:

1. PID: ____________________ Background (clean zone)

____________________ Probe used/Model used

____________________ Reading from container opening

2. FID: ____________________ Background (clean zone)


3. Radiation Meter:

____________________ Model used

____________________ Background (clean zone)


4. Explosimeter/Oxygen Meter:

____________________ Oxygen level from container opening

____________________ LEL level from container opening

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12


Attachments

ATTACHMENT 2. Field Test Data Sheet for Drum/Tank Sampling

Samplers: ______________________________ Date: ______________________

Site Name: _____________________________ Work Order Number: 3347-040-001-__________

Container Number/Sample Number: ______________ REAC Task Leader: ________________________

SAMPLE MONITORING INFORMATION:

1. PID: ____________________ Background (clean zone)

____________________ Probe used/Model used

____________________ Reading from sample

2. FID: ____________________ Background (clean zone)

____________________ Reading from sample

3. Radiation Meter: ________________ Model used

________________ Background (clean zone)

________________ Reading from sample

4. Explosimeter/Oxygen Meter: ____________ Oxygen level (sample)

____________ LEL level (sample)

SAMPLE DESCRIPTION:

________ Liquid ________ Solid ________ Sludge ________ Color ________ Vapors

WATER REACTIVITY:

1. Add small amount of sample to water: _____ bubbles _____ color change to _______________

_____ vapor formation _____ heat _____ No Change

SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST (compared to water):

1. Add small amount of sample to water: _____ sinks _____ floats

2. If liquid sample sinks, screen for chlorinated compounds. If liquid sample floats and appears to be oily, screen for PCBs (Chlor-N-Oil kit).

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13


Attachments

ATTACHMENT 2. Field Test Data Sheet for Drum/Tank Sampling (cont'd)

CHLOR N OIL TEST KIT INFORMATION:

1. Test kit used for this sample: Yes No

2. Results: _____ PCB not present _____ PCB present, less than 50 ppm

_____ PCB present, greater than 50 ppm _____ 100% PCB present

WATER SOLUBILITY TEST:

1. Add approximately one part sample to five parts water. You may need to stir and heat gently. [DO NOT HEAT IF WATER REACTIVE!] Results: ________ total ________ partial ________ no solubility

pH OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION:

1. Using 0-14 pH paper, check pH of water/sample solution: ___________________.

SPILL-FYTER CHEMICAL CLASSIFIER STRIPS:

1. Acid/Base Risk: (Circle one) Color Change

Strong acid (0) RED

Moderately acidic (1-3) ORANGE

Weak acid (5) YELLOW

Neutral (7) GREEN

Moderately basic (9-11) Dark GREEN

Strong Base (13-14) Dark BLUE

2. Oxidizer Risk: (Circle one)

Not Present WHITE

Present BLUE, RED, OR ANY DIVERGENCE FROMWHITE

3. Fluoride Risk: (Circle one)

Not Present PINK

Present YELLOW

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14


Attachments


4. Petroleum Product, Organic Solvent Risk: (Circle one)

Not Present LIGHT BLUE

Present DARK BLUE

5. Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine Risk: (Circle one)

Not Present PEACH

Present WHITE OR YELLOW

SETAFLASH IGNITABILITY TEST:

140 F Ignitable: ________ Non-Ignitable ________ o

160 F Ignitable: ________ Non-Ignitable ________ o

______ Ignitable: ________ Non-Ignitable ________




Comments:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HAZCAT KIT TESTS:

1. Test: ____________________________________ Outcome:__________________________________

Comments:___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Test: ____________________________________ Outcome:__________________________________

Comments:___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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15


Attachments


3. Test: ____________________________________ Outcome:__________________________________

Comments:___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Test: ____________________________________ Outcome:__________________________________

Comments:___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Test: ____________________________________ Outcome:__________________________________

Comments:___________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

HAZCAT PESTICIDES KIT:

Present: ________________________________ Not Present: _______________________________________

Comments: __________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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16

APPENDIX B

Figures

Figure 1. Universal Bung Wrench

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17

APPENDIX B (Cont’d)

Figures

Figure 2. Drum Deheader

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18


Figures

Figure 3. Hand Pick, Pickaxe, and Hand Spike

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19


Figures

Figure 4. Backhoe Spike

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20


Figures

Figure 5. Hydraulic Drum Opener

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21


Figures

Figure 6. Pneumatic Bung Remover

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22


Figures

Figure 7. Glass Thief

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23


Figures

Figure 8. COLIWASA

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U. S. EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE TEAM

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURESSOP: 2012

PAGE: 1 of 13REV: 0.0

DATE: 02/18/00SOIL SAMPLING

CONTENTS


2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, CONTAINERS, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

4.0 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

5.0 EQUIPMENT

6.0 REAGENTS

7.0 PROCEDURES

7.1 Preparation7.2 Sample Collection

7.2.1 Surface Soil Samples7.2.2 Sampling at Depth with Augers and Thin Wall Tube Samplers7.2.3 Sampling at Depth with a Trier7.2.4 Sampling at Depth with a Split Spoon (Barrel) Sampler7.2.5 Test Pit/Trench Excavation

8.0 CALCULATIONS




12.0 REFERENCES

13.0 APPENDIX Figures

SUPERCEDES: SOP #2012; Revision 0.0; 11/16/94; U.S. EPA Contract 68-C4-0022.

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The purpose of this standard operating procedure (SOP) is to describe the procedures for the collection ofrepresentative soil samples. Sampling depths are assumed to be those that can be reached without the useof a drill rig, direct-push, or other mechanized equipment (except for a back-hoe). Analysis of soil samplesmay determine whether concentrations of specific pollutants exceed established action levels, or if theconcentrations of pollutants present a risk to public health, welfare, or the environment.

These are standard (i.e., typically applicable) operating procedures which may be varied or changed asrequired, dependent upon site conditions, equipment limitations or limitations imposed by the procedure.In all instances, the actual procedures used should be documented and described in an appropriate sitereport.

Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) endorsement or recommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Soil samples may be collected using a variety of methods and equipment depending on the depth of thedesired sample, the type of sample required (disturbed vs. undisturbed), and the soil type. Near-surfacesoils may be easily sampled using a spade, trowel, and scoop. Sampling at greater depths may beperformed using a hand auger, continuous flight auger, a trier, a split-spoon, or, if required, a backhoe.

3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, CONTAINERS, HANDLING, AND STORAGE

Chemical preservation of solids is not generally recommended. Samples should, however, be cooled andprotected from sunlight to minimize any potential reaction. The amount of sample to be collected andproper sample container type are discussed in ERT/REAC SOP #2003 Rev. 0.0 08/11/94, Sample Storage,Preservation and Handling.

4.0 INTERFERENCES AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

There are two primary potential problems associated with soil sampling - cross contamination of samplesand improper sample collection. Cross contamination problems can be eliminated or minimized throughthe use of dedicated sampling equipment. If this is not possible or practical, then decontamination ofsampling equipment is necessary. Improper sample collection can involve using contaminated equipment,disturbance of the matrix resulting in compaction of the sample, or inadequate homogenization of thesamples where required, resulting in variable, non-representative results.

5.0 EQUIPMENT

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Soil sampling equipment includes the following:

C Maps/plot planC Safety equipment, as specified in the site-specific Health and Safety PlanC Survey equipment or global positioning system (GPS) to locate sampling pointsC Tape measureC Survey stakes or flagsC Camera and filmC Stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate homogenization bucket, bowl or panC Appropriate size sample containersC Ziplock plastic bagsC LogbookC LabelsC Chain of Custody records and custody sealsC Field data sheets and sample labelsC Cooler(s)C IceC VermiculiteC Decontamination supplies/equipmentC Canvas or plastic sheetC Spade or shovelC SpatulaC ScoopC Plastic or stainless steel spoonsC Trowel(s)C Continuous flight (screw) augerC Bucket augerC Post hole augerC Extension rodsC T-handleC Sampling trierC Thin wall tube samplerC Split spoonsC Vehimeyer soil sampler outfit

- Tubes- Points- Drive head- Drop hammer- Puller jack and grip

C Backhoe

6.0 REAGENTS

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Reagents are not used for the preservation of soil samples. Decontamination solutions are specified inERT/REAC SOP #2006 Rev. 0.0 08/11/94, Sampling Equipment Decontamination, and the site specificwork plan.

7.0 PROCEDURES

7.1 Preparation

1. Determine the extent of the sampling effort, the sampling methods to be employed, and thetypes and amounts of equipment and supplies required.

2. Obtain necessary sampling and monitoring equipment.

3. Decontaminate or pre-clean equipment, and ensure that it is in working order.

4. Prepare schedules and coordinate with staff, client, and regulatory agencies, if appropriate.

5. Perform a general site survey prior to site entry in accordance with the site specific Healthand Safety Plan.

6. Use stakes, flagging, or buoys to identify and mark all sampling locations. Specific sitefactors, including extent and nature of contaminant, should be considered when selectingsample location. If required, the proposed locations may be adjusted based on site access,property boundaries, and surface obstructions. All staked locations should be utility-clearedby the property owner or the On-Scene-Coordinator (OSC) prior to soil sampling; andutility clearance should always be confirmed before beginning work.

7.2 Sample Collection

7.2.1 Surface Soil Samples

Collection of samples from near-surface soil can be accomplished with tools such asspades, shovels, trowels, and scoops. Surface material is removed to the requireddepth and a stainless steel or plastic scoop is then used to collect the sample.

This method can be used in most soil types but is limited to sampling at or near theground surface. Accurate, representative samples can be collected with this proceduredepending on the care and precision demonstrated by the sample team member. A flat,pointed mason trowel to cut a block of the desired soil is helpful when undisturbedprofiles are required. Tools plated with chrome or other materials should not be used.Plating is particularly common with garden implements such as potting trowels.

The following procedure is used to collect surface soil samples:

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1. Carefully remove the top layer of soil or debris to the desired sample depthwith a pre-cleaned spade.

2. Using a pre-cleaned, stainless steel scoop, plastic spoon, or trowel, remove anddiscard a thin layer of soil from the area which came in contact with the spade.

3. If volatile organic analysis is to be performed, transfer the sample directly intoan appropriate, labeled sample container with a stainless steel lab spoon, orequivalent and secure the cap tightly. Place the remainder of the sample intoa stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate homogenization container, andmix thoroughly to obtain a homogenous sample representative of the entiresampling interval. Then, either place the sample into appropriate, labeledcontainers and secure the caps tightly; or, if composite samples are to becollected, place a sample from another sampling interval or location into thehomogenization container and mix thoroughly. When compositing is complete,place the sample into appropriate, labeled containers and secure the capstightly.

7.2.2 Sampling at Depth with Augers and Thin Wall Tube Samplers

This system consists of an auger, or a thin-wall tube sampler, a series of extensions,and a "T" handle (Figure 1, Appendix A). The auger is used to bore a hole to adesired sampling depth, and is then withdrawn. The sample may be collected directlyfrom the auger. If a core sample is to be collected, the auger tip is then replaced witha thin wall tube sampler. The system is then lowered down the borehole, and driveninto the soil to the completion depth. The system is withdrawn and the core iscollected from the thin wall tube sampler.

Several types of augers are available; these include: bucket type, continuous flight(screw), and post-hole augers. Bucket type augers are better for direct samplerecovery because they provide a large volume of sample in a short time. Whencontinuous flight augers are used, the sample can be collected directly from theflights. The continuous flight augers are satisfactory when a composite of thecomplete soil column is desired. Post-hole augers have limited utility for samplecollection as they are designed to cut through fibrous, rooted, swampy soil and cannotbe used below a depth of approximately three feet.

The following procedure is used for collecting soil samples with the auger:

1. Attach the auger bit to a drill rod extension, and attach the "T" handle to thedrill rod.

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2. Clear the area to be sampled of any surface debris (e.g., twigs, rocks, litter).It may be advisable to remove the first three to six inches of surface soil for anarea approximately six inches in radius around the drilling location.

3. Begin augering, periodically removing and depositing accumulated soils ontoa plastic sheet spread near the hole. This prevents accidental brushing of loosematerial back down the borehole when removing the auger or adding drill rods.It also facilitates refilling the hole, and avoids possible contamination of thesurrounding area.

4. After reaching the desired depth, slowly and carefully remove the auger fromthe hole. When sampling directly from the auger, collect the sample after theauger is removed from the hole and proceed to Step 10.

5. Remove auger tip from the extension rods and replace with a pre-cleaned thinwall tube sampler. Install the proper cutting tip.

6. Carefully lower the tube sampler down the borehole. Gradually force the tubesampler into the soil. Do not scrape the borehole sides. Avoid hammering therods as the vibrations may cause the boring walls to collapse.

7. Remove the tube sampler, and unscrew the drill rods.

8. Remove the cutting tip and the core from the device.

9. Discard the top of the core (approximately 1 inch), as this possibly representsmaterial collected before penetration of the layer of concern. Place theremaining core into the appropriate labeled sample container. Samplehomogenization is not required.

10. If volatile organic analysis is to be performed, transfer the sample into anappropriate, labeled sample container with a stainless steel lab spoon, orequivalent and secure the cap tightly. Place the remainder of the sample intoa stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate homogenization container, andmix thoroughly to obtain a homogenous sample representative of the entiresampling interval. Then, either place the sample into appropriate, labeledcontainers and secure the caps tightly; or, if composite samples are to becollected, place a sample from another sampling interval into thehomogenization container and mix thoroughly.

When compositing is complete, place the sample into appropriate, labeledcontainers and secure the caps tightly.

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11. If another sample is to be collected in the same hole, but at a greater depth,reattach the auger bit to the drill and assembly, and follow steps 3 through 11,making sure to decontaminate the auger and tube sampler between samples.

12. Abandon the hole according to applicable state regulations. Generally, shallowholes can simply be backfilled with the removed soil material.

7.2.3 Sampling with a Trier

The system consists of a trier, and a "T" handle. The auger is driven into the soil tobe sampled and used to extract a core sample from the appropriate depth.

The following procedure is used to collect soil samples with a sampling trier:

1. Insert the trier (Figure 2, Appendix A) into the material to be sampled at a 0o

to 45o angle from horizontal. This orientation minimizes the spillage ofsample.

2. Rotate the trier once or twice to cut a core of material.

3. Slowly withdraw the trier, making sure that the slot is facing upward.

4. If volatile organic analyses are required, transfer the sample into anappropriate, labeled sample container with a stainless steel lab spoon, orequivalent and secure the cap tightly. Place the remainder of the sample intoa stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate homogenization container, andmix thoroughly to obtain a homogenous sample representative of the entiresampling interval. Then, either place the sample into appropriate, labeledcontainers and secure the caps tightly; or, if composite samples are to becollected, place a sample from another sampling interval into thehomogenization container and mix thoroughly. When compositing is complete,place the sample into appropriate, labeled containers and secure the capstightly.

7.2.4 Sampling at Depth with a Split Spoon (Barrel) Sampler

Split spoon sampling is generally used to collect undisturbed soil cores of 18 or 24inches in length. A series of consecutive cores may be extracted with a split spoonsampler to give a complete soil column profile, or an auger may be used to drill downto the desired depth for sampling. The split spoon is then driven to its sampling depththrough the bottom of the augured hole and the core extracted.

When split spoon sampling is performed to gain geologic information, all work should

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be performed in accordance with ASTM D1586-98, “Standard Test Method forPenetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils”.

The following procedures are used for collecting soil samples with a split spoon:

1. Assemble the sampler by aligning both sides of barrel and then screwing thedrive shoe on the bottom and the head piece on top.

2. Place the sampler in a perpendicular position on the sample material.

3. Using a well ring, drive the tube. Do not drive past the bottom of the headpiece or compression of the sample will result.

4. Record in the site logbook or on field data sheets the length of the tube used topenetrate the material being sampled, and the number of blows required toobtain this depth.

5. Withdraw the sampler, and open by unscrewing the bit and head and splittingthe barrel. The amount of recovery and soil type should be recorded on theboring log. If a split sample is desired, a cleaned, stainless steel knife shouldbe used to divide the tube contents in half, longitudinally. This sampler istypically available in 2 and 3 1/2 inch diameters. A larger barrel may benecessary to obtain the required sample volume.

6. Without disturbing the core, transfer it to appropriate labeled samplecontainer(s) and seal tightly.

7.2.5 Test Pit/Trench Excavation

A backhoe can be used to remove sections of soil, when detailed examination of soilcharacteristics are required. This is probably the most expensive sampling methodbecause of the relatively high cost of backhoe operation.

The following procedures are used for collecting soil samples from test pits ortrenches:

1. Prior to any excavation with a backhoe, it is important to ensure that allsampling locations are clear of overhead and buried utilities.

2. Review the site specific Health & Safety plan and ensure that all safetyprecautions including appropriate monitoring equipment are installed asrequired.

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3. Using the backhoe, excavate a trench approximately three feet wide andapproximately one foot deep below the cleared sampling location. Placeexcavated soils on plastic sheets. Trenches greater than five feet deep must besloped or protected by a shoring system, as required by OSHA regulations.

4. A shovel is used to remove a one to two inch layer of soil from the vertical faceof the pit where sampling is to be done.

5. Samples are taken using a trowel, scoop, or coring device at the desiredintervals. Be sure to scrape the vertical face at the point of sampling to removeany soil that may have fallen from above, and to expose fresh soil for sampling.In many instances, samples can be collected directly from the backhoe bucket.

6. If volatile organic analyses are required, transfer the sample into anappropriate, labeled sample container with a stainless steel lab spoon, orequivalent and secure the cap tightly. Place the remainder of the sample intoa stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate homogenization container, andmix thoroughly to obtain a homogenous sample representative of the entiresampling interval. Then, either place the sample into appropriate, labeledcontainers and secure the caps tightly; or, if composite samples are to becollected, place a sample from another sampling interval into thehomogenization container and mix thoroughly. When compositing is complete,place the sample into appropriate, labeled containers and secure the capstightly.

7. Abandon the pit or excavation according to applicable state regulations.Generally, shallow excavations can simply be backfilled with the removed soilmaterial.

8.0 CALCULATIONS



There are no specific quality assurance (QA) activities which apply to the implementation of theseprocedures. However, the following QA procedures apply:

1. All data must be documented on field data sheets or within site logbooks.

2. All instrumentation must be operated in accordance with operating instructions as supplied by themanufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the work plan. Equipment checkout and calibration

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activities must occur prior to sampling/operation, and they must be documented.




When working with potentially hazardous materials, follow U.S. EPA, OHSA and corporate health andsafety procedures, in addition to the procedures specified in the site specific Health & Safety Plan..

12.0 REFERENCES

Mason, B.J. 1983. Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol: Technique and Strategies. EPA-600/4-83-020.

Barth, D.S. and B.J. Mason. 1984. Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide. EPA-600/4-84-043.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1984 Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites - A MethodsManual: Volume II. Available Sampling Methods, Second Edition. EPA-600/4-84-076.

de Vera, E.R., B.P. Simmons, R.D. Stephen, and D.L. Storm. 1980. Samplers and Sampling Proceduresfor Hazardous Waste Streams. EPA-600/2-80-018.

ASTM D 1586-98, ASTM Committee on Standards, Philadelphia, PA.

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APPENDIX AFigures

SOP #2012February 2000

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FIGURE 1. Sampling Augers

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FIGURE 2. Sampling Trier

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1

SOP#: 2013DATE: 11/17/94

REV. #: 0.0 SURFACE WATER SAMPLING

1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,

This standard operating procedure (SOP) is applicableto the collection of representative liquid samples, bothaqueous and non-aqueous from streams, rivers, lakes,ponds, lagoons, and surface impoundments. Itincludes samples collected from depth, as well assamples collected from the surface.

These are standard (i.e., typically applicable)operating procedures which may be varied or changedas required, dependent upon site conditions,equipment limitations or limitations imposed by theprocedure or other procedure limitations. In allinstances, the ultimate procedures employed should bedocumented and associated with the final report.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) endorsement or recommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Sampling situations vary widely, therefore, nouniversal sampling procedure can be recommended.However, sampling of both aqueous and non-aqueousliquids from the above mentioned sources is generallyaccomplished through the use of one of the followingsamplers or techniques:

C Kemmerer bottleC Bacon bomb samplerC Dip samplerC Direct method

These sampling techniques will allow for thecollection of representative samples from the majorityof surface waters and impoundments encountered.

CONTAINERS, HANDLING,AND STORAGE

Once samples have been collected, the followingprocedure should be followed:

1. Transfer the sample(s) into suitable, labeledsample containers.

2. Preserve the sample if appropriate, or usepre-preserved sample bottles. Do not overfillbottles if they are pre-preserved.

3. Cap the container, place in a ziploc plasticbag and cool to 4 C.o

4. Record all pertinent data in the site logbookand on field data sheets.

5. Complete the Chain of Custody record.

6. Attach custody seals to cooler prior toshipment.

7. Decontaminate all sampling equipment priorto the collection of additional samples withthat sampling device.


There are two primary interferences or potentialproblems with surface water sampling. These includecross contamination of samples and improper samplecollection.

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2

1. Cross contamination problems can beeliminated or minimized through the use ofdedicated sampling equipment. If this is notpossible or practical, then decontamination ofsampling equipment is necessary. Refer tothe Sampling Equipment DecontaminationSOP.

2. Improper sample collection can involve usingcontaminated equipment, disturbance of thestream or impoundment substrate, andsampling in an obviously disturbed area.

Following proper decontamination procedures andminimizing disturbance of the sample site willeliminate these problems.


Equipment needed for collection of surface watersamples may include (depending on techniquechosen):

C Kemmerer bottlesC Bacon bomb samplerC Dip samplerC Line and messengersC Sample bottles/preservativesC Ziploc bagsC IceC CoolersC Chain of Custody records, custody sealsC Field data sheetsC Decontamination equipmentC Maps/plot planC Safety equipmentC CompassC Tape measureC Survey stakes, flags, or buoys and anchorsC Camera and filmC Logbook/waterproof penC Sample bottle labels

6.0 REAGENTS

Reagents will be utilized for preservation of samplesand for decontamination of sampling equipment. Thepreservatives required are specified by the analysis tobe performed.

7.0 PROCEDURES

7.1 Preparation

1. Determine the extent of the sampling effort,the sampling methods to be employed, andthe types and amounts of equipment andsupplies needed.

2. Obtain the necessary sampling andmonitoring equipment.

3. Decontaminate or pre-clean equipment, andensure that it is in working order.


5. Perform a general site survey prior to siteentry, in accordance with the site specificHealth and Safety Plan.

6. Use stakes, flagging, or buoys to identify andmark all sampling locations. If required theproposed locations may be adjusted based onsite access, property boundaries, and surfaceobstructions. If collecting sediment samples,this procedure may disturb the bottom.

7.2 Representative SamplingConsiderations

In order to collect a representative sample, thehydrology and morphometrics of a stream orimpoundment should be determined prior to sampling.This will aid in determining the presence of phases orlayers in lagoons, or impoundments, flow patterns instreams, and appropriate sample locations and depths.

Water quality data should be collected inimpoundments, and to determine if stratification ispresent. Measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, andtemperature can indicate if strata exist which wouldeffect analytical results. Measurements should becollected at one-meter intervals from the substrate tothe surface using the appropriate instrument (i.e., aHydrolab or equivalent).

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3

Water quality measurements such as dissolved 3. When the Kemmerer bottle is at the requiredoxygen, pH, temperature, conductivity, and oxidation- depth, send down the messenger, closing thereduction potential can assist in the interpretation of sampling device.analytical data and the selection of sampling sites anddepths when surface water samples are collected. 4. Retrieve the sampler and discharge from the

Generally, the deciding factors in the selection of a potential contamination of the valve.sampling device for sampling liquids in streams, Transfer the sample to the appropriaterivers, lakes, ponds, lagoons, and surface sample container.impoundments are:

1. Will the sample be collected from shore orfrom a boat?

2. What is the desired depth at which you wishto collect the sample?

3. What is the overall depth and flow directionof river or stream?

4. What type of sample will be collected (i.e.,water or lagoon liquids)?

7.2.1 Sampler Composition

The appropriate sampling device must be of a proper sampler.composition. Selection of samplers constructed ofglass, stainless steel, PVC or PFTE (Teflon) should be 3. Transfer the sample to the appropriatebased upon the analyses to be performed. sample container by pulling up on the trigger.


7.3.1 Kemmerer Bottle

A Kemmerer bottle (Figure 1, Appendix A) may beused in most situations where site access is from aboat or structure such as a bridge or pier, and wheresamples at depth are required. Sampling proceduresare as follows:

1. Use a properly decontaminated Kemmererbottle. Set the sampling device so that thesampling end pieces (upper and lowerstoppers) are pulled away from the samplingtube (body), allowing the substance to besampled to pass through this tube.

2. Lower the pre-set sampling device to thepredetermined depth. Avoid bottomdisturbance.

bottom drain the first 10-20 mL to clear any

7.3.2 Bacon Bomb Sampler

A bacon bomb sampler (Figure 2, Appendix A) maybe used in situations similar to those outlined for theKemmerer bottle. Sampling procedures are asfollows:

1. Lower the bacon bomb sampler carefully tothe desired depth, allowing the line for thetrigger to remain slack at all times. Whenthe desired depth is reached, pull the triggerline until taut. This will allow the sampler tofill.

2. Release the trigger line and retrieve the

7.3.3 Dip Sampler

A dip sampler (Figure 3, Appendix A) is useful insituations where a sample is to be recovered from anoutfall pipe or along a lagoon bank where directaccess is limited. The long handle on such a deviceallows access from a discrete location. Samplingprocedures are as follows:

1. Assemble the device in accordance with themanufacturer's instructions.

2. Extend the device to the sample location andcollect the sample by dipping the samplerinto the substance.

3. Retrieve the sampler and transfer the sampleto the appropriate sample container.

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4

7.3.4 Direct Method

For streams, rivers, lakes, and other surface waters, This section is not applicable to this SOP.the direct method may be utilized to collect watersamples from the surface directly into the samplebottle. This method is not to be used for samplinglagoons or other impoundments where contact withcontaminants is a concern.

Using adequate protective clothing, access thesampling station by appropriate means. For shallowstream stations, collect the sample under the watersurface while pointing the sample container upstream;the container must be upstream of the collector.Avoid disturbing the substrate. For lakes and otherimpoundments, collect the sample under the watersurface avoiding surface debris and the boat wake.

When using the direct method, do not use pre-preserved sample bottles as the collection method maydilute the concentration of preservative necessary forproper sample preservation.

8.0 CALCULATIONS



There are no specific quality assurance (QA) activities U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1984.which apply to the implementation of these Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites - Aprocedures. However, the following general QA Methods Manual: Volume II. Available Samplingprocedures apply: Methods, Second Edition. EPA/600/4-84-076.


2. All instrumentation must be operated inaccordance with operating instructions assupplied by the manufacturer, unlessotherwise specified in the work plan.Equipment checkout and calibrationactivities must occur prior tosampling/operation and they must bedocumented.



When working with potentially hazardous materials,follow U.S. EPA, OSHA and corporate health andsafety procedures.

More specifically, when sampling lagoons or surfaceimpoundments containing known or suspectedhazardous substances, adequate precautions must betaken to ensure the safety of sampling personnel. Thesampling team member collecting the sample shouldnot get too close to the edge of the impoundment,where bank failure may cause him/her to lose his/herbalance. The person performing the sampling shouldbe on a lifeline and be wearing adequate protectiveequipment. When conducting sampling from a boat inan impoundment or flowing waters, appropriateboating safety procedures should be followed.

12.0 REFERENCES

U.S. Geological Survey. 1977. National Handbook orRecommended Methods for Water Data Acquisition.Office of Water Data Coordination Reston, Virginia.(Chapter Updates available).

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5

APPENDIX A

Figures

FIGURE 1. Kemmerer Bottle

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Figures

FIGURE 2. Bacon Bomb Sampler

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Figures

FIGURE 3. Dip Sampler

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SOP#: 2016DATE: 11/17/94

REV. #: 0.0 SEDIMENT SAMPLING


This standard operating procedure (SOP) is applicableto the collection of representative sediment samples.Analysis of sediment may be biological, chemical, orphysical in nature and may be used to determine thefollowing:

C toxicity;C biological availability and effects of

contaminants;C benthic biota;C extent and magnitude of contamination;C contaminant migration pathways and source;C fate of contaminants;C grain size distribution.

The methodologies discussed in this SOP areapplicable to the sampling of sediment in both flowingand standing water. They are generic in nature andmay be modified in whole or part to meet the handlingand analytical requirements of the contaminants ofconcern, as well as the constraints presented by siteconditions and equipment limitations. However, ifmodifications occur, they should be documented in asite or personal logbook and discussed in reportssummarizing field activities and analytical results.

For the purposes of this procedure, sediments arethose mineral and organic materials situated beneathan aqueous layer. The aqueous layer may be eitherstatic, as in lakes, ponds, and impoundments; orflowing, as in rivers and streams.

Mention of trade names or commercial products doesnot constitute U.S. EPA endorsement orrecommendation for use.

2.0 METHOD SUMMARY

Sediment samples may be collected using a variety ofmethods and equipment, depending on the depth of theaqueous layer, the portion of the sediment profile

required (surface vs. subsurface), the type of samplerequired (disturbed vs. undisturbed), contaminantspresent, and sediment type.

Sediment is collected from beneath an aqueous layereither directly, using a hand held device such as ashovel, trowel, or auger; or indirectly, using aremotely activated device such as an Ekman or Ponardredge. Following collection, sediment is transferredfrom the sampling device to a sample container ofappropriate size and construction for the analysesrequested. If composite sampling techniques areemployed, multiple grabs are placed into a containerconstructed of inert material, homogenized, andtransferred to sample containers appropriate for theanalyses requested. The homogenization procedureshould not be used if sample analysis includes volatileorganics; in this case, sediment, or multiple grabs ofsediment, should be transferred directly from thesample collection device or homogenization containerto the sample container.

3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION,CONTAINERS, HANDLING ANDSTORAGE

1. Chemical preservation of solids is generallynot recommended. Cooling to 4 C is usuallyo

the best approach, supplemented by theappropriate holding time for the analysesrequested.

2. Wide mouth glass containers with Teflonlined caps are utilized for sediment samples.The sample volume is a function of theanalytical requirements and will be specifiedin the Work Plan.

3. If analysis of sediment from a discrete depthor location is desired, sediment is transferreddirectly from the sampling device to alabeled sample container(s) of appropriatesize and construction for the analyses

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requested. Transfer is accomplished with a can, therefore, greatly influence the analytical resultsstainless steel or plastic lab spoon or and should be justified and specified in the Workequivalent. Plan.

4. If composite sampling techniques or multiplegrabs are employed, equal portions ofsediment from each location are depositedinto a stainless steel, plastic, or otherappropriate composition (e.g., Teflon)containers. The sediment is homogenizedthoroughly to obtain a compositerepresentative of the area sampled. Thecomposite sediment sample is transferred toa labeled container(s) of appropriate size andconstruction for the analyses requested.Transfer of sediment is accomplished with astainless steel or plastic lab spoon orequivalent. Samples for volatile organicanalysis must be transferred directly from thesample collection device or pooled frommultiple areas in the homogenizationcontainer prior to mixing. This is done tominimize loss of contaminant due tovolatilization during homogenization.

5. All sampling devices should bedecontaminated, then wrapped in aluminumfoil. The sampling device should remain inthis wrapping until it is needed. Eachsampling device should be used for only onesample. Disposable sampling devices forsediment are generally impractical due tocost and the large number of sedimentsamples which may be required. Samplingdevices should be cleaned in the field usingthe decontamination procedure described inthe Sampling Equipment DecontaminationSOP.


Substrate particle size and organic matter content area direct consequence of the flow characteristics of awaterbody. Contaminants are more likely to be Reagents are not used for preservation of sedimentconcentrated in sediments typified by fine particle size samples. Decontamination solutions are specified inand a high organic matter content. This type of the Sampling Equipment Decontamination SOP.sediment is most likely to be collected fromdepositional zones. In contrast, coarse sediments withlow organic matter content do not typicallyconcentrate pollutants and are generally found inerosional zones. The selection of a sampling location


Equipment needed for collection of sediment samplesmay include:

C Maps/plot planC Safety equipmentC CompassC Tape measureC Survey stakes, flags, or buoys and anchorsC Camera and filmC Stainless steel, plastic, or other appropriate

composition bucketC 4-oz., 8-oz., and one-quart wide mouth jars

w/Teflon lined lidsC Ziploc plastic bagsC LogbookC Sample jar labelsC Chain of Custody records, field data sheetsC Cooler(s)C IceC Decontamination supplies/equipmentC Spade or shovelC SpatulaC ScoopC TrowelC Bucket augerC Tube augerC Extension rodsC "T" handleC Sediment coring device (tube, drive head,

eggshell check value, nosecone, acetate tube,extension rods, "T" handle)

C Ponar dredgeC Ekman dredgeC Nylon rope or steel cableC Messenger device

6.0 REAGENTS

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7.0 PROCEDURES

7.1 Preparation

1. Determine the objective(s) and extent of thesampling effort. The sampling methods to beemployed, and the types and amounts ofequipment and supplies required will be afunction of site characteristics and objectivesof the study.

2. Obtain the necessary sampling andmonitoring equipment.

3. Prepare schedules, and coordinate with staff,client, and regulatory agencies, ifappropriate.



6. Use stakes, flagging, or buoys to identify andmark all sampling locations. Specific sitefactors including flow regime, basinmorphometry, sediment characteristics, depthof overlying aqueous layer, contaminantsource, and extent and nature ofcontamination should be considered whenselecting sample locations. If required, theproposed locations may be adjusted based onsite access, property boundaries, and surfaceobstructions.


Selection of a sampling device is most oftencontingent upon: (1) the depth of water at the For the purpose of this method, surface sediment issampling location, and (2) the physical characteristics considered to range from 0 to six inches in depth andof the sediment to be sampled. The following a shallow aqueous layer is considered to range from 0procedures may be utilized: to 24 inches in depth. Collection of surface sediment

7.2.1 Sampling Surface Sediment with aTrowel or Scoop from Beneath aShallow Aqueous Layer

For the purpose of this method, surface sediment isconsidered to range from 0 to six inches in depth and

a shallow aqueous layer is considered to range from 0to 12 inches in depth. Collection of surface sedimentfrom beneath a shallow aqueous layer can beaccomplished with tools such as spades, shovels,trowels, and scoops. Although this method can beused to collect both unconsolidated/consolidatedsediment, it is limited somewhat by the depth andmovement of the aqueous layer. Deep and rapidlyflowing water render this method less accurate thanothers discussed below. However, representativesamples can be collected with this procedure inshallow sluggish water provided care is demonstratedby the sample team member. A stainless steel orplastic sampling implement will suffice in mostapplications. Care should be exercised to avoid theuse of devices plated with chrome or other materials;plating is particularly common with garden trowels.

The following procedure will be used to collectsediment with a scoop, shovel, or trowel:

1. Using a decontaminated samplingimplement, remove the desired thickness andvolume of sediment from the sampling area.

2. Transfer the sample into an appropriatesample or homogenization container. Ensurethat non-dedicated containers have beenadequately decontaminated.

3. Surface water should be decanted from thesample or homogenization container prior tosealing or transfer; care should be taken toretain the fine sediment fraction during thisprocedure.

7.2.2 Sampling Surface Sediment with aBucket Auger or Tube Auger fromBeneath a Shallow Aqueous Layer

from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can beaccomplished with a system consisting of bucketauger or tube auger, a series of extensions, and a "T"handle (Figure 1, Appendix A). The use of additionalextensions in conjunction with a bucket auger canincrease the depth of water from which sediment canbe collected from 24 inches to 10 feet or more.However, sample handling and manipulation increases

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in difficulty with increasing depth of water. The "T" handle. The use of additional extensions canbucket auger or tube auger is driven into the sediment increase the depth of water from which sediment canand used to extract a core. The various depths be collected from 24 inches to five feet or more.represented by the core are homogenized or a However, water clarity must be high enough to permitsubsample of the core is taken from the appropriate the sampler to directly observe the samplingdepth. operation. In addition, sample handling and

The following procedure will be used to collect depth of water. The bucket auger is used to bore asediment samples with a bucket auger or tube auger: hole to the upper range of the desired sampling depth

1. An acetate core may be inserted into the down the borehole, and driven into the sediment to thebucket auger or tube auger prior to sampling lower range of the desired sampling depth. The tubeif characteristics of the sediments or is then withdrawn and the sample recovered from thewaterbody warrant. By using this technique, tube. This method can be used to collect firmlyan intact core can be extracted. consolidated sediments, but is somewhat limited by

2. Attach the auger head to the required length initial borehole.of extensions, then attach the "T" handle tothe upper extension. The following procedure will be used to collect deep

3. Clear the area to be sampled of any surface auger:debris.

4. Insert the bucket auger or tube auger into the lengths of extensions, then attach the "T"sediment at a 0 to 20 angle from vertical. handle to the upper extension.o o

This orientation minimizes spillage of thesample from the sampler upon extraction 2. Clear the area to be sampled of any surfacefrom the sediment and water. debris.

5. Rotate the auger to cut a core of sediment. 3. Begin augering, periodically removing any

6. Slowly withdraw the auger; if using a tube the auger bucket. Cuttings should beauger, make sure that the slot is facing disposed of far enough from the samplingupward. area to minimize cross contamination of

7. Transfer the sample or a specified aliquot ofsample into an appropriate sample or 4. After reaching the upper range of the desiredhomogenization container. Ensure that non- depth, slowly and carefully remove bucketdedicated containers have been adequately auger from the boring.decontaminated.

7.2.3 Sampling Deep Sediment with aBucket Auger or Tube Auger fromBeneath a Shallow Aqueous Layer

For the purpose of this method, deep sediment isconsidered to range from six to greater than 18 inchesin depth and a shallow aqueous layer is considered torange from 0 to 24 inches. Collection of deepsediment from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can beaccomplished with a system consisting of a bucketauger, a tube auger, a series of extensions and a

manipulation increases in difficulty with increasing

and then withdrawn. The tube auger is then lowered

the depth of the aqueous layer, and the integrity of the

sediment samples with a bucket auger and a tube

1. Attach the bucket auger bit to the required

accumulated sediment (i.e., cuttings) from

various depths.

5. Attach the tube auger bit to the requiredlengths of extensions, then attach the "T"handle to the upper extension.

6. Carefully lower tube auger down boreholeusing care to avoid making contact with theborehole sides and, thus, cross contaminatingthe sample. Gradually force tube auger intosediment to the lower range of the desiredsampling depth. Hammering of the tubeauger to facilitate coring should be avoidedas the vibrations may cause the boring walls

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to collapse. above the sediment surface.

7. Remove tube auger from the borehole, again 4. Drop the sampler to the sediment.taking care to avoid making contact with theborehole sides and, thus, cross contaminating 5. Trigger the jaw release mechanism bythe sample. lowering a messenger down the line, or by

8. Discard the top of core (approximately 1 extension handle.inch); as this represents material collected bythe tube auger before penetration to the layer 6. Raise the sampler and slowly decant any freeof concern. liquid through the top of the sampler. Care

9. Transfer sample into an appropriate sample fraction during this procedure.or homogenization container. Ensure thatnon-dedicated containers have been 7. Open the dredge jaws and transfer the sampleadequately decontaminated. into a stainless steel, plastic or other

7.2.4 Sampling Surface Sediment with anEkman or Ponar Dredge fromBeneath a Shallow or Deep AqueousLayer

For the purpose of this method, surface sediment isconsidered to range from 0 to six inches in depth.Collection of surface sediment can be accomplishedwith a system consisting of a remotely activateddevice (dredge) and a deployment system. Thistechnique consists of lowering a sampling device(dredge) to the surface of the sediment by use of arope, cable, or extended handle. The mechanism isactivated, and the device entraps sediment in springloaded or lever operated jaws.

An Ekman dredge is a lightweight sediment samplingdevice with spring activated jaws. It is used to collectmoderately consolidated, fine textured sediment. Thefollowing procedure will be used for collectingsediment with an Ekman dredge (Figure 2,Appendix A):

1. Attach a sturdy nylon rope or stainless steelcable through the hole on the top of thebracket, or secure the extension handle to thebracket with machine bolts.

2. Attach springs to both sides of the jaws. Fixthe jaws so that they are in open position byplacing trip cables over the release studs.Ensure that the hinged doors on the dredgetop are free to open.

3. Lower the sampler to a point 4 to 6 inches

depressing the button on the upper end of the

should be taken to retain the fine sediment

appropriate composition (e.g., Teflon)container. Ensure that non-dedicatedcontainers have been adequatelydecontaminated. If necessary, continue tocollect additional sediment grabs untilsufficient material has been secured to fulfillanalytical requirements. Thoroughlyhomogenize and then transfer sediment tosample containers appropriate for theanalyses requested. Samples for volatileorganic analysis must be collected directlyfrom the bucket before homogenization tominimize volatilization of contaminants.

A Ponar dredge is a heavyweight sediment samplingdevice with weighted jaws that are lever or springactivated. It is used to collect consolidated fine tocoarse textured sediment. The following procedurewill be used for collecting sediment with a Ponardredge (Figure 3, Appendix A):

1. Attach a sturdy nylon rope or steel cable tothe ring provided on top of the dredge.

2. Arrange the Ponar dredge with the jaws inthe open position, setting the trip bar so thesampler remains open when lifted from thetop. If the dredge is so equipped, place thespring loaded pin into the aligned holes in thetrip bar.

3. Slowly lower the sampler to a pointapproximately two inches above thesediment.

4. Drop the sampler to the sediment. Slack on

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the line will release the trip bar or spring 2. Insert the "egg shell" check valve into theloaded pin; pull up sharply on the line lower end of the sampling tube with theclosing the dredge. convex surface positioned inside the acetate

5. Raise the dredge to the surface and slowlydecant any free liquid through the screens on 3. Screw the nosecone onto the lower end of thetop of the dredge. Care should be taken to sampling tube, securing the acetate tube andretain the fine sediment fraction during this eggshell check valve.operation.

6. Open the dredge and transfer the sediment to sampling tube and add extension rods asa stainless steel, plastic or other appropriate needed.composition (e.g., Teflon) container. Ensurethat non-dedicated containers have been 5. Place the sampler in a perpendicular positionadequately decontaminated. If necessary, on the sediment to be sampled.continue to collect additional sediment untilsufficient material has been secured to fulfill 6. If the "T" handle is used, place downwardanalytical requirements. Thoroughly pressure on the device until the desired depthhomogenized and then transfer sediment to is reached. After the desired depth issample containers appropriate for the reached, rotate the sampler to shear off theanalyses requested. Samples for volatile core at the bottom. Slowly withdraw theorganic analysis must be collected directly sampler from the sediment and proceed tofrom the bucket before homogenization to Step 15.minimize volatilization of contaminants.

7.2.5 Sampling Subsurface Sediment witha Coring Device from Beneath aShallow Aqueous Layer

For purposes of this method, subsurface sediment isconsidered to range from 6 to 24 inches in depth anda shallow aqueous layer is considered to range from 0to 24 inches in depth. Collection of subsurfacesediment from beneath a shallow aqueous layer can beaccomplished with a system consisting of a tubesampler, acetate tube, eggshell check valve, nosecone,extensions, and "T" handle, or drivehead. The use ofadditional extensions can increase the depth of waterfrom which sediment can be collected from 24 inchesto 10 feet or more. This sampler may be used witheither a drive hammer for firm sediment, or a "T"handle for soft sediment. However, sample handlingand manipulation increases in difficulty withincreasing depth of water.

The following procedure describes the use of a samplecoring device (Figure 4, Appendix A) used to collectsubsurface sediments.

1. Assemble the coring device by inserting theacetate core into the sampling tube.

core.

4. Screw the handle onto the upper end of the

7. If the drive hammer is selected, insert thetapered handle (drive head) of the drivehammer through the drive head.

8. Drive the sampler into the sediment to thedesired depth.

9. Record the length of the tube that penetratedthe sample material, and the number ofblows required to obtain this depth.

10. Remove the drive hammer and fit thekeyhole-like opening on the flat side of thehammer onto the drive head. In this position,the hammer serves as a handle for thesampler.

11. Rotate the sampler to shear off the core at thebottom.

12. Lower the sampler handle (hammer) until itjust clears the two ear-like protrusions on thedrive head, and rotate about 90 .o

13. Slowly withdraw the sampler from thesediment. If the drivehead was used, pull thehammer upwards and dislodge the samplerfrom the sediment.

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14. Carefully remove the coring device from the 2. All instrumentation must be operated inwater. accordance with operating instructions as

15. Unscrew the nosecone and remove the otherwise specified in the work plan.eggshell check valve. Equipment checkout and calibration

16. Slide the acetate core out of the sampler sampling/operation, and they must betube. Decant surface water, using care to documented.retain the fine sediment fraction. If headspace is present in the upper end, a hacksawmay be used to shear the acetate tube off atthe sediment surface. The acetate core maythen be capped at both ends. Indicate on theacetate tube the appropriate orientation of thesediment core using a waterproof marker.The sample may be used in this fashion, orthe contents transferred to a sample orhomogenization container.

17. Open the acetate tube and transfer thesediment to a stainless steel, plastic or otherappropriate composition (e.g., Teflon)container. Ensure that non-dedicatedcontainers have been adequatelydecontaminated. If necessary, continue tocollect additional sediment until sufficientmaterial has been secured to fulfill analyticalrequirements. Thoroughly homogenize andthen transfer sediment to sample containersappropriate for the analyses requested.Samples for volatile organic analysis must becollected directly from the bucket beforehomogenization to minimize volatilization ofcontaminants.

8.0 CALCULATIONS



There are no specific quality assurance (QA) activities 600/4-84-076.which apply to the implementation of theseprocedures. However, the following QA procedures de Vera, E.R., B.P. Simmons, R.D. Stephen, and D.L.apply: Storm. Samplers and Sampling Procedures for


supplied by the manufacturer, unless

activities must occur prior to




When working with potentially hazardous materials ,follow U.S. EPA/OSHA and Corporate health andsafety procedures.

More specifically, when sampling sediment fromwaterbodies, physical hazards must be identified andadequate precautions must be taken to ensure thesafety of the sampling team. The team membercollecting the sample should not get too close to theedge of the waterbody, where bank failure may causeloss of balance. To prevent this, the personperforming the sampling should be on a lifeline, andbe wearing adequate protective equipment. Ifsampling from a vessel is determined to be necessary,appropriate protective measures must be implemented.

12.0 REFERENCES

Mason, B.J., Preparation of Soil Sampling Protocol:Technique and Strategies. 1983 EPA-600/4-83-020.

Barth, D.S. and B.J. Mason, Soil Sampling QualityAssurance User's Guide. 1984 EPA-600/4-84-043.

U.S. EPA. Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites- A Methods Manual: Volume II. AvailableSampling Methods, Second Edition. 1984 EPA-

Hazardous Waste Streams. 1980 EPA-600/2-80-018.

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APPENDIX A

Figures

FIGURE 1. Sampling Auger

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Figures

FIGURE 2. Ekman Dredge

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Figures

FIGURE 3. Ponar Dredge

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Figures

FIGURE 4. Sample Coring Device

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