SOIL TILLAGE IMPACTS ON NUTRITIONALSOIL TILLAGE IMPACTS ON NUTRITIONAL

STATUS OF WHEAT STATUS OF WHEAT

Faculty of Agriculture, University J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek. Trg Sv. Trojstva

3, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. djug@pfos.hr.

Danijel JUG, Irena JUG, Vlado KOVACEVIC, Bojan STIPESEVIC, Jasna SOSTARIC

Introduction

Object of this study was testing nutritional status of winter wheat under different soil tillage with aim of possible new recommendation for fertilization under reduction/absence of soil tillage.

Material and methods

The Field experiment

cultivar :: w. wheat DEMETRA (in rotation with soybean)

location :: eastern Croatia – experimental site near Kneževo

experimental period :: 2002-2005

soil tillage treatments :: CT – conventional tillage

DH – diskharrowing

NT – no-tillage

Basic experimental plot :: 900 m-2

fertilization :: N:P2O5:K2O = 121:130:130 kg ha-1

Conventional tillage - in autumnConventional tillage - in autumn

Diskharrowing - in autumnDiskharrowing - in autumn

No-tillage – early seasonNo-tillage – early season

Sampling and chemical analysis

sampling w. wheat :: Feekes 10.5

(Emergence of inflorescence completed) samples :: microwave digestion

(65% HNO3 + 30% H2O2)

analyses :: 23 elements with a Jobin-Yvon Ultrace 238 ICP-OES spectrometer

(laboratory of the RISSAC. Budapest. Hungary)

sowing :: in October

John Deere 750A

interrow spacing 16.5 cm

planned density 700 plants m-2

deep of sowing 2-3 cm

plant protection :: uniformly for each tillage treatments

Soil characteristics

calcareous chernozem on loess substrate

chemical properties ::

pH (H2O) - 8.1

pH (KCl) - 7.5

Humus - 2.6%

CaCO3 - 2.1%

P2O5 - 18.7 mg 100 g-1 tla (AL-soluble)

K2O - 28.4 mg 100 g-1 tla (AL-soluble)

Mean air temperature and precipitation on experimental field (N::4582, E::1864)

Year Precipitation (mm) Air temperature (oC)

2002 620 12.4

2003 494 11.5

2004 823 11.1

2005 855 10.6

1965-2005 636 11.0

Weather characteristic

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

%

year

Precipitation in the periodOctober-July

after LTM -22 -54 23 30

2002 2003 2004 2005

ResultsResults

The impact of the Year (factor A*) on nutrient composition of winter wheat (cultivar Demetra)

Year (A)*

The aerial part of wheat in stage of inflorescence emergence

mg kg-1 on dry matter basis

P K Ca Mg S Zn Mn Fe Cu B

2002200320042005

2601220423772162

138729516

1157110848

2020206118501662

1389160811331098

13711405 970 948

9.813.7 9.1 9.6

66.659.758.758.6

105.8126.5 81.2100.9

4.718.387.508.08

2.393.903.073.12

LSD A 5%LSD A 1%

n.s.n.s.

12491893

207n.s.

148225

160243

1.82.7

n.s.n.s.

24.9n.s.

1.151.75

0.92n.s.

Year (A)*mg kg-1 on dry matter basis

Mo Co Ni Cr Sr Ba Al Pb Cd Na

2002200320042005

0.3550.1620.5700.665

0.1530.4670.3380.355

0.4410.5230.2270.382

1.320.310.220.27

4.925.223.963.32

15.713.811.412.0

131239202286

0.4360.5080.6160.600

0.0860.0640.0480.050

36.634.630.822.9

LSD A 5%LSD A 1%

0.0950.144

0.1080.163

0.192n.s.

0.71n.s.

1.10n.s.

n.s. n.s.

4974

n.s. n.s.

0.0090.014

n.s. n.s.

Impact of the year on nutritional status of winter wheat

Soil tillage (ST) :: conventional - CT; diskharrowing - DH; no-till - NT and composition of winter eheat (cultivar Demetra)**

ST

The aerial part of wheat in stage of inflorescence emergence

mg kg-1 on dry matter basis

P K Ca Mg S Zn Mn Mo Cu B

CTDHNT

228123712356

11062

11776

11517

186619001928

128113191321

114312141163

10.510.710.5

58.760.263.8

0.4580.4680.388

6.967.297.25

3.083.183.10

LSD 5% n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.

Mean 23361145

21898 1307 1174 10.6 60.9 0.438 7.17 3.12

Influences of the soil tillage on nutritional status of winter wheatin four year average

Referral values of some nutrients in wheat (Bergman, 1992)

0.25-0.50

3.30-4.50

0.35-1.00

0.10-0.23

20-70

30-100

0.10-0.30

5-10

5-10

Soil tillage (ST) :: conventional - CT; diskharrowing - DH; no-till - NT and composition of winter eheat (cultivar Demetra)**

ST

The aerial part of wheat in stage of inflorescence emergence

mg kg-1 on dry matter basis

Fe Co Ni Cr Sr Ba Al Pb Cd Na

CTDHNT

11110496

0.3220.3680.295

0.4100.3630.406

0.550.500.54

4.274.394.41

13.013.113.6

204226214

0.5020.5740.544

0.0690.0610.057

32.930.330.5

LSD 5% n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. 0.008 n.s.

Mean 104 0.328 0.393 0.53 4.36 13.2 214 0.540 0.062 31.2

under detectable levels (mg kg-1): Se (<0.60). Hg (<0.12). As (<0.40)

5.62 5.59

5.40

5,00

5,20

5,40

5,60

5,80

t ha- 1

2002- 2005 year

W. wheat yields (t ha- 1)

CT

DH

NT

Conclusion reduction or absence of soil tillage under

conditions of calcareous chernozem of Barannya province did not seriously affect nutritional status of winter wheat

usual fertilization practice can be recommended for possible use of non-conventional soil tillage practice

Thank you for your

attention