NameAxiom Education (P) Ltd.

SchoolSchool of thinking out of box

Class IX

Address 512/513, MIDAS

Sahar Plaza ComplexJ.B. Nagar

Andheri- EastMumbai- 400 059

Phone No.022.28238110

Coal & Petroleum

Let’s start with an activity of identifying the materials which we use for our basic needs as man made and as natural

Resource.

Natural Resource

1. Air

2. Water

3. Soil

4. Trees

Man Made

1. Automobiles

2. Cell Phone

3. Computers

4. Air Conditioners

Natural resources

Naturally occurring substances

Valuable when in unmodified form

Value depends on demand and supply

Primary activities: extraction and purification

Natural Resources

Present in unlimited quantities

Not likely to be exhausted by human activities

Exhaustible Resources Inexhaustible Resources

Limited quantities

Likely to be exhausted by human activities

Exhaustible Natural Resources

Coal Natural Gas

Petroleum

Story of Coal

300 million years agoDense forests in low lying

wetland areasFLOODS

Forests got buried under the soil

More soil, compression

High Temperature

High Pressure

COAL

CARBONISATION

Coal

burns and produces carbon di oxide

Processed to get coke, coal tar & coal gas

Uses

COKE

Not the co

laTough

black

Porous

Manufacture of steel

Extraction of Metals

Coal Tar

Black Thick Liquid

Unpleasant Smell

Mixture of 200 substances

Uses of CoalSynthetic dyes

drugs

explosives

perfumes

Paints

Photographic materials

Roofing materials

plastics

Coal Gas

Obtained during processing of Cole to get coke

Used as fuel

PETROLEUM

Petrol is used as fuel in

small and light weight

vehicles like cars,

motorcycles and scooters.

Heavy motor vehicles like trucks and tractors

run on diesel.

Both petrol and diesel find their source in

petroleum.

Formation of Petroleum

MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO…Dead Sea Organisms Layers of sea sand and clay

2008…

VIOLA!! Emergence of petroleum and Natural gas!!!

Immense pressure and heat

PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM-Dark, oily liquid.-Unpleasant odour-Mixture of various constituents like petroleum gas, paraffin wax, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, etc.-Highly inflammable.

The process of separating the various fractions/ constituents of petroleum is known as REFINING.

DID

YOU

KNOW?

N

A

T

U

R

A

L

G

A

S

DID YOU KNOW?

-Easy to transport through pipes-Can be compressed under high pressure and stored as CNG-Used in vehicles as fuels-Does not pollute the environment-Used as a raw material in the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilizers.-Large Natural Gas reserves found in Rajasthan, Tripura, Maharashtra, and the Krishna-Godavari Delta.

Are they over?

CAUSES OF RESOURCE DEPLETION

GlobalWarming Lim

ited

Reserves

Long

Dur

atio

n

of F

orm

atio

n

MISUSE

The Petroleum Conservation ResearchAssociation gives petroleum users afew tips:

-Drive at a constant and moderate speed as far as possible.

-Switch off the engine at traffic signals or at places where you have to wait.

-Ensure correct tyre pressure.

-Ensure regular maintenance of vehicles.