sokolov effect - long-range interaction of hydrogen with...

BackgroundSokolov Effect

Conclusions

Sokolov EffectLong-Range Interaction of Hydrogen with Metal Surface

Nathan Leefer

Department of PhysicsUC Berkeley

[email protected]

February 21, 2008

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Outline

1 BackgroundNeutral HydrogenStark EffectHydrogen Atom Interferometer

2 Sokolov EffectPamirBroken TheoriesSummaryDysprosium

3 Conclusions

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Outline

3 Conclusions

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Outline

3 Conclusions

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Neutral HydrogenStark EffectHydrogen Atom Interferometer

Energy Levels of Hydrogen

2 S 2 P

Lifetime of 2 P states is∼1.5 ns

Fine-Structure effects liftdegeneracies

Lamb Shift is on the orderof 1 GHz

Nathan Leefer

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2 S 2 P

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2 S 2 P

120 nm

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1 S1�2

2 S1�2

2 P1�2

2 P3�2

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2 S1�22 P1�2

2 P3�2

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2 S1�22 P1�2

2 P3�2

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(Nearly) Degenerate Perturbation Theory

H′ = d Eo + δLS

2 (|2S1/2 >< 2S1/2| − |2P1/2 >< 2P1/2|)

H′nm =

2 dSP Eo

dSP Eo − δLS

)Eigenvalues are

√δ2LS + 4E 2

o d2sp

New eigenstates aresuperpositions of oldeigenstates

2S1�2

2P1�2

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

H′ = d Eo + δLS

2 (|2S1/2 >< 2S1/2| − |2P1/2 >< 2P1/2|)

H′nm =

2 dSP Eo

dSP Eo − δLS

)Eigenvalues are

√δ2LS + 4E 2

o d2sp

2S1�22P1�2

ΓH2S1�2 L + ΞH2P1�2 L

ΑH2S1�2 L + ΒH2P1�2 L

DE = ∆LS +2 Eo dsp

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

H′ = d Eo + δLS

2 (|2S1/2 >< 2S1/2| − |2P1/2 >< 2P1/2|)

H′nm =

2 dSP Eo

dSP Eo − δLS

)Eigenvalues are

√δ2LS + 4E 2

o d2sp

2S1�22P1�2

ΓH2S1�2 L + ΞH2P1�2 L

ΑH2S1�2 L + ΒH2P1�2 L

DE = ∆LS +2 Eo dsp

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Atoms enter and leaveE-Field non-adiabatically

Atoms leaving field have2 P1/2 component

Acquired phase depends onenergy difference and timein field

c(2P1/2) ∝ cos(√

δ2LS + 4E 2

o d2sp T )

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

c(2P1/2) ∝ cos(√

δ2LS + 4E 2

o d2sp T )

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

c(2P1/2) ∝ cos(√

δ2LS + 4E 2

o d2sp T )

Nathan Leefer

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Optical Analogue

This set-up is analogous to an optical interferometer

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PamirBroken TheoriesSummaryDysprosium

Measurement of Lamb Shift

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Initial Results

Problems:

Difficult to assess systematicerrors

Non-trivial electric field nearentrance and exit slits

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Initial Results

Problems:

Difficult to assess systematicerrors

Non-trivial electric field nearentrance and exit slits

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Double Interferometer

Use two interferometersseparated by distance ’l’

Oscillation period of 2P1/2

intensity depends only onLamb-Shift and velocity

Sokolov Yu L, Yakovlev V P, Sov. Phys. JEPT 56 7(1982)Sokolov Yu L, in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on PrecisionMeasurements and Fundamental Constants II (1981)

Nathan Leefer

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Demon Field

Now the second electric field is turned off

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First Candidate: Stray Charges

Effective electric field corresponds to 10-12 V/cm

To confirm predictions modify set-up accordingly...

Effective field must be orthogonal to first longitudinal field

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Results

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Conclusions

Second Candidate: Beam Halo

Maybe diffraction halo of beam is interacting with metalsurface

Beam size is 50 µm, slit width is 200 µm

Misalign beam to measure halo.

Beam halo is small: 1.4 µm

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Third Candidate: Entanglement?

B B Kadomtsev proposes the effect is due to the creation ofentangled states

Magnitude of effect should depend on material properties ofconductor

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Results

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Kadomtsev’s Theory also makes predictions

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Kadomtsev’s Theory also makes predictions

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The Consensus?

The experiment is modified twice more

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The Consensus?

The experiment is modified twice more

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Summary of Results

All discussed theories have failed to describe experimentalresults

Other proposed candidates (casimir force, image charges, etc)are not consistent with the magnitude of observed effect

No theories consistent with experimental results have beenproposed

Nathan Leefer

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Summary of Results

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Summary of Results

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Atomic Dysprosium

Atomic Dysprosium also has nearly degenerate states of opposite parity

(3 MHz-GHz)

Dysprosium may be a sensitive tool for measuring this effect

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Atomic Dysprosium

(3 MHz-GHz)

Dysprosium may be a sensitive tool for measuring this effect

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Atomic Dysprosium

(3 MHz-GHz)

Dysprosium may be a sensitive tool for measuring this effectNathan Leefer

Conclusions

Summary

Level structure of hydrogen and Stark Effect

Near degeneracy of 2S1/2 and 2P1/2 states to electric fieldsmakes hydrogen ideal for use in atomic interferometer

There exists an unexplained interaction between hydrogenatoms and metal surfaces

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Summary

Nathan Leefer

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Summary

Nathan Leefer

Conclusions

Yu L Sokolov

Physics-Uspekhi 42 (5) 481–503 (1999)

Yu L Sokolov, V P Yakovlev, V G Pal’chikov, and Yu A Pchelin

Eur. Phys. J. D 20 27-46 (2002)

Yu A Kucheryaev , V G Palchikov, Yu A Pchelin, Yu L Sokolov, and V P Yakovlev

JETP Letters 81 (12) 644–646 (2005)

Yu L Sokolov, V P Yakovlev

Sov. Phys. JETP 56 7 (1982)

Yu L Sokolov

in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Precision Measurements and Fundamental Constants II (1981)

B B Kadomtsev

Phys. Lett. A 210 371-376 (1996)

S T Belyaev

Eur. Phys. J. D 25 247-252 (2003)

Nathan Leefer

sokolov effect - long-range interaction of hydrogen with...

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