solar heating systems for multi-family houses - keep it simple! - estec 2007, freiburg, 20 june 2007...
TRANSCRIPT
Solar heating systems for multi-family houses
- Keep it simple! -
ESTEC 2007, Freiburg, 20 June 2007
Ronald Voskens
Ecofys S.L.
[email protected]. +34 93 64 55 458
Index
•Introduction
•SOLARGE
•Market MFH
•System configurations
•Conclusions, Recommendations
•To conclude
Econcern
The sustainable energy knowledge and
innovation company
The sustainable energy solution provider
The sustainable energy
project developer
The sustainable energysystem supplier
The sustainableenergy innovation
entrepreneur
Palm towers, Netherlands
CO2 neutral offices Murcia, Spain
14 MW PV plant
Q7, Netherlands
120 MW offshore wind farm
Solior: Integrated collector storage
Econcern Offices
•28 offices in 14 countries
•~600 employees
SOLARGE project (1/3)
• SOLARGE;
– Enlarging Solar Thermal Systems in Multi-Family-Houses, Public and Social Buildings in Europe
• January 2005 – December 2007
• 7 countries: Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Slovenia, Spain
• 11 partners: in Spain Ecofys with support of Ecostream
• www.solarge.org
SOLARGE: objectives (2/3)
•SOLARGE is a European co-operation project to open up markets for large solar thermal plants, (>30m2) for multi-family buildings (MFH), hotels, public and social buildings
SOLARGE: realisation (3/3)
•Training and further education measures for the supply side e.g. manufacturers and architects
•Compilation of well-documented best practice projects
• Information campaign for investors
•Support for municipalities and decision makers
•Positioning the issue at events and conferences
•Provision of information material via internet
•EU-wide dissemination of the project results: interactive project web-site, market studies, good practice project database: see www.solarge.org
MFH Market
•Total market 46 mlj. dwellings
•43% of the total dwellings
•New production
– Spain 400.000– Italy 200.000– France
130.000
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Den
mar
k
Ger
man
y
Net
herla
nds
Fra
nce
Slo
veni
a
Italy
Spa
in
Cyp
rusN
umbe
r of
MF
H s
tock
x 1
0^6
(dw
ellin
gs)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Ann
ual n
ew M
FH
x 1
0^6
(dw
ellin
gs)
# MFH stock Annual new MFH
MFH Solar thermal Market
•820 MWth total annual market
– 15% total installed– 475 GWh– 210 Mton CO2
•350 MWth Spain
•150 MWth France and Germany
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Den
mar
k
Ger
man
y
Net
herla
nds
Fra
nce
Slo
veni
a
Italy
Spa
in
Cyp
rus
(MW
th)
Total annualpotential MFH
Total installedcapacity
3.922
The power of a solar obligation
•Barcelona factor 10!
Barcelona Solar Ordinance
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Dec
-95
Dec
-97
Dec
-99
Dec
-01
Dec
-03
Dec
-05
kWth
Real
BaU
~ factor 10!
CTE HE-4: Minimum solar contribution hot water preparation
•5 climate zones
• If hot water consumption >50l/day
Non-electrical back-up heating
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
5,0
00
10
,00
0
15
,00
0
20
,00
0
25
,00
0
Hot water use (l/day, 60º)
So
lar
fra
ctio
n (
%)
Zona V
Zona I V
Zona I I I
Zona I I
Zona I
Solar powered hot water system1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9
Basic system configurations
Solar storage Back-up heater Collector
Central De-central
Central De-central
Num Remark
De-central* X X 1 Single family houses, apartments buildings up to 2 or 3 storeys
X X 2 Large central systems (e.g. hotels)
X X 3 Large systems for multi-family buildings Central*
X X 4 Large systems for multi-family buildings
*De-central on dwelling level
*Central on string or building level
System analyses
•Technical issues
– Suitability– System performance– Heat losses– Complexity & reliability
•Non-technical issues
– Investment costs– Exploitation & invoicing– Maintenance
Type: DDD (1/6)
•Single family and multi-family houses
– Advantages: • Individual systems
– Disadvantages: •Limited storeys•Heat losses•Multiple components
Type: CCC (2/6)
•Central system for hotels, MFH, etc)
– Advantages: •Simple and cheap•Small heat losses
tank– Disadvantages:
•High heat losses recirculation pipes
•Exploitation and maintenance
Type: CCD (3/6)
•Semi central system for MFH
– Advantages: •Simple and cheap•Small heat losses tank
– Disadvantages: •High heat losses
recirculation pipes, les than CCC
•Exploitation and maintenance
Type: CDD.1 (4/6)
•Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel
– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing
– Disadvantages: •1 control•Complicated hydraulic
system, adjustments
Type: CDD.2 (5/6)
•Semi de-central system for MFH; parallel
– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing•Optimal use collector
– Disadvantages: •Multiple components•More expensive
Type: CDD.3 (6/6)
•Semi de-central system for MFH; series
– Advantages: •Small heat losses pipes•No additional invoicing•Simple hydraulic
system•Less expensive
– Disadvantages: •Solar heat exchange
between dwellings
Conclusion and recommendations
•Solar thermal systems for MFH sector is a promising target market (820 kWth ~1,2 million m2 per year)
•Spain, Germany and France represent 80% of this market
•Lots of system configuration are applied in this market, with all have advantages and disadvantages
•Bottom line: apply sound solutions that last for > 20 years without technical problems and a minimum of maintenance
•How? Keep it simple!:– As few as possible (moving) parts– Avoid complex hydraulic solutions– Configuration 3: Central collector and storage, de-central back-
up, especially if ICS systems are applied
ICS: Integrated Collector Storage
transversal section longitudinal section
Simple solution
• ICS: Integrated collector storage
•Exploitation and invoicing
– Only measure total amount (WMB) and distribute the costs evenly
– Measure the amount of preheated water to every apartment (WM1B to WM3B)
– Both and let the choice to the owner(s)
To conclude
•Lets develop the MFH market in a sustainable and simple way!...and remember
Ronald VoskensEcofys S.L.
www.ecofys.com
[email protected]. +34 93 64 55 458
See also:www.solarge.orgwww.ecostream.com
España es el país del sol
Energía solar es la energía del futuro
entonces
¡España es el país del futuro!