solar nebula theory how to make a solar system: 1.start with nebula = a large cloud of dust and gas....
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Solar Nebula Theory
How to make a solar system:
1. Start with nebula = a large cloud of dust and gas.
2. A nearby star explodes (supernova) or the nebula crashes into another nebula.
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Solar Nebula Theory
3. The nebula begins to spin and contract from gravity. This creates a flattened disk.
ex: A spinning ice skater spins faster with their arms by their side.
Making pizza
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Solar Nebula Theory
4. The middle of the disk reaches high temperature and ignites!
5. Ignition starts nuclear fusion (H + H = He)…lighter elements combine into heavier elements.
6. Voila… a star is formed.
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Planet Formation
Planetary Disk - dust and rocks orbiting the new Sun.
Dust and rocks begin to clump together… like a snowball = accretion.
Planetesimals = objects size of small moons with gravitational fields.
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Planets
Definition (2006):
1. In orbit around the Sun (no moons)
2. Enough mass to be a sphere
3. Cleared the “neighborhood” around its orbit
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Ice Line
-- Sun’s high temperatures burn off lighter elements (gas) from planets close to the sun.
-- Cooler temperatures further away allow gas and ice to collect.
As a Result: Inner planets are solid (Terrestrial)Outer planets are gas (Jovian)
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Planet Groups
Terrestrial - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
-- Rocky surface-- Small diameter -- High density-- Few moons
Jovian - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
-- No surface - Gas-- Large diameter-- Low density-- Many moons
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Asteroids
• Rocky and Metallic objects that orbit the sun.
• Most located between Mars and Jupiter.
• Potential Earth/Life destroyers.
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Meteoroids
Meteoroids = asteroids on collision course with Earth.
Meteor = when meteoroid hits Earth’s atmosphere… usually burn up (shooting star).
Meteorite = if meteor hits Earth. Over 100 meteorites fall annually…most very small.
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Comets
• Ball of dust and ice that revolves around the sun.
• “Dirty snowball”.
• Potential Earth/Life destroyers.
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Rosetta
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Comet 67P
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Exoplanet
Exoplanet = planet outside the solar system.
Over 2,400 found so far.
First rocky planet found.