solar night light assembly

8/17/2019 Solar Night Light Assembly

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Module 1: Solar Power Technology


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Session ObjectivesAt the end of the session, you will be able to:

Exlain what solar energy is!dentify how solar energy wor"s#escribe the rocess of turning solar energy into consu$ableelectricityExlain the syste$ used in solar ower generation technology

!ntroduction

!n this lesson you will learn how renewable energy such as solarenergy is used as a $eans to %ll in roble$ of electricityscarcity in a way that is a&ordable and environ$ent friendly'


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(hat is Solar EnergySolar energy is energy rovided by the sun' !t is energy in the for$of solar radiation that $a"es solar electricity roduction ossible'

Solar ower is the direct or indirect conversion of sunlight intoelectricity' #irect conversions are done through the use ofhotovoltaics )P*+ while indirect conversions are done usingconcentrated solar ower )SP+'

Photovoltaic, which $eans -light. and -electric., )P*+ cells areused to directly roduce electricity through solar energy' These arecells $ade fro$ $aterials that exhibit -hotovoltaic e&ect. orwhen sunlight hits the cell, the hotons of light excite the electronsin the cell, causing the$ to /ow thus generating electricity'

!n hotovoltaic syste$, solar cells roduce direct current )#+ower which change with the sunlight0s intensity' 1or ractical use,it usually re2uires conversion to certain desired voltages oralternating current )A+, through the use of inverters'

oncentrated solar ower syste$s use lenses or $irrors and

trac"ing syste$ to focus a large area of sunlight into a s$allbea$'


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3nderstand the di&erent co$onents of solar ower generationtechnologyExlain how solar ower generation wor"s!dentify how solar ower generation is used in everyday energyconsu$tion

!ntroduction

!n this lesson, you will learn the initial stes in e$loying thesolar ower generation technology in di&erent households'


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#eter$ining Power onsu$tion #e$ands

!n deter$ining the ower consu$tion de$ands, you will be able toesti$ate the a$ount of energy needed to be sulied by the solarP* syste$'

1. Calculate the total Watt-hours per day for each applianceused.

4a"e a list of all the aliance and5or loads that you are goingto run using the P* syste$' To deter$ine the wattage, $ost

aliances have a label on the bac" that indicates the wattage'Seci%cation sheets, local aliance dealers, and the roduct$anufacturers can also be used as reference'

Add the (att6hours needed for all aliances together to get thetotal (att6hours er day which $ust be delivered to thealiances'

2. Calculate total Watt-hours per day needed from the PVmodules

After deter$ining the total watt6hours er day, $ultily it by 7'8)the energy lost in the syste$+' !n doing so, you0ll be able to get


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SII!" #$% PV M&'()%S

Si9ing the P* $odules will hel you %nd out the aroriate si9e of P*$odule that will roduce an a$ount of ower suitable for your dailyconsu$tion' To %nd out the si9ing of the P* $odule, you need the total ea" wattroduced needs' The ea" watt )(+ roduced deends on the si9e

of the P* $odule and cli$ate of the site location'

1. Calculate the Watt-pea* ratin+ needed for PV modules To get the total (att6ea" rating needed for the P* anelsneeded to oerate the aliances, you will need to divide thetotal (att6hours er day needed fro$ the P* $odules by 8'8'

;' Calculate the num,er of PV panels for the systemAfter getting the (att6ea" rating needed for P* $odules, divideit by the rated outut (att6ea" of the P* $odules available toyou' !f the answer resulted to any fractional art, just increase it

to the next highest whole nu$ber' The answer you got will be thenu$ber of P* $odules re2uired'


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##%/0 SII!"

A dee cycle battery is reco$$ended to be used in P* syste$s' !t isseci%cally designed to be discharged to low energy level and raid

recharged or cycle charged and discharged day after day for years'4a"e sure that the battery is large enough to store enough energy tooerate the aliances even at night and cloudy days'

1ollow these stes to %nd out the si9e of the battery:

7' alculate the total (att6hours er day used by aliances'

;' #ivide the total (att6hours er day used by


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SO@A BACE ODTO@@E S!!DC

The solar charge controller is used to $aintain the roercharging voltage on the batteries' !t is tyically rated

against A$erage and *oltage caacities' !n selecting thesolar charge controller, it should $atch the voltage of P*array and batteries and then identify which tye of solarcharge controller is suitable for your syste$' Fou have to$a"e sure that the solar charge controller has suGcientcaacity to handle the current fro$ the P* array


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Module 2: Hasic Electronics


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Inow the basic scienti%c laws involving electronics!dentify Oh$0s and Power lawExlain the for$ulas and co$utations involved inunderstanding the di&erent scienti%c laws


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OB40S @A(

Oh$0s law is a very si$le and ractical tool in

understanding electric circuits' !t si$ly states that -in$etallic conductors at a constant te$erature and in a 9ero$agnetic %eld, the current /owing is roortional to thevoltage across the ends of the conductor, and is inverselyroortional to the resistance of the conductor'

Hy using the letters *, ! and to exress the relationshisde%ned in Oh$s @aw gives three si$le for$ulae:V I/ or I V/ or / VI

Each of which shows how to %nd the value of any one ofthese 2uantities in a circuit, rovided the other two are

"nown' 1or exa$le, to %nd the voltage * )in *olts+ across aresistor, si$ly $ultily the current ! )in A$eres+ throughthe resistor by the value of the resistor )in Oh$s+'3sing these for$ulae the values of * ! and written intothe for$ula $ust be in its HAS! 3D!T i'e' *O@TS )not$illivolts+ Oh$s )not "iloh$s+ and A4PEES )not $icro

A$eres +etc'


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Power @aw

The Power @aw states that the ower disersed in adevice is inversely roortional to the s2uared valueof the voltage across it:

P V2 /!t can also be stated as the ower disersed in a

device is directly roortional to the s2uared value ofthe current going through it:

P I2 3 /Power law can be si$ly stated as:

P V 3 I


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Session Objectives

At the end of the session, you will be able to:

!dentify the di&erent electronic co$onents used in solar night la$

Exlain their urose in the construction of a solar night la$

!ntroduction

!n this lesson, you will learn the di&erent electronicco$onents used in a solar night la$ and their urose


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)%' )amp

1or the solar night light, you will be using a la$ that is a single

high ower 7( @E# with an oerating voltage of 8'; * to 8'?*and a $axi$u$ current rating of 8>


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)ithium-ion attery

Fou will be using a 8'J* ;;


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Solar Photo4oltiac Module

The solar $odule delivers a daily energy re2uire$ent for 7; hours

of @E# light consu$ing 7


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Master S5itch

To disconnect the battery fro$ the circuit, a searate $anual8P slide switch is added' The addition of the switch willrevent the la$ fro$ turning on in its dar" container duringstorage and transort' !t is also a safety re2uire$ent whenshiing the e2ui$ent'


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/esistors

esistors are one of the $ost co$$only used electronic co$onentsthat create seci%ed values of current and voltage in a circuit' Hasically

the function of a resistor is always to be against the /ow of currentthrough it and the strength of this oosition is called as its resistance' There are di&erent "inds of resistors that vary in si9e and colordeending on the ower that they carry'1or the solar night li$, you will be using three tyes of resistors invarying ower:

; ieces of 7 " oh$ L ( resistor7 iece of 7< " oh$ L ( resistor7 iece of ;( 7< oh$ resistor


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'I&'%S

A diode is an electronic co$onent that is used to direct /ow ofelectricity into one direction and bloc"s the /ow in the oosite

direction' They can also be considered as one6way valves used invarious circuits as a for$ of rotection' 1or the solar night la$you will be using the 1!6718 Schott*y ,arrier diode'

The Schott"y barrier diode is co$$only used in electronics' !tsuni2ue roerties enable it to be used in a nu$ber of ways'

Schott"y diodes are used in $any alications where other tyesof diode will not erfor$ as well' !t has a low turn on voltage, afast recovery ti$e because of the s$all a$ount of stored chargedwhich $eans it can be used in high seed switching function and alow junction caacitance'


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#/!SIS#&/S

Transistors can be considered as a tye of switch or gate forelectronic signals and also regulates the current or voltage/ow' They can be used as a$li%ers or switching devices' Asa$li%ers, they are used in high and low fre2uency stages,oscillators, $odulators, detectors and in any circuit needing toerfor$ a function' !n digital circuits they are used asswitches' 1or the solar night la$, you will be using:

7'!1>7< transistor;'Ceneral urose transistor M


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Session Objectives

At the end of the session, you will be able to:

!dentify the di&erent testing instru$ents needed in constructing asolar night la$!dentify the use of di&erent testing instru$ents

!ntroduction!n this lesson, you will learn the i$ortance of testing instru$entsin basic electronics' Electronics can be a co$licated %eld to get

into if roer recautions are not ta"en' Testing instru$ents letsyou assess the roduct even before construction is co$lete' There are di&erent tyes of testers but for the constructions ofsolar night la$s, you will only need a $ultitester or also "nownas a volt$eter'

4ultitester


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4ultitester

4ultitester or also called as a $ulti$eter is a device that can be used togather data about electrical circuits' !t co$bines several $easure$entfunctions in one unit' !t $ay include several features li"e the ability to

$easure voltage, current, and resistance'

4ultitesters can use analog or digital circuits' They are usually used inbasic fault %nding and basic %eld service wor"' They can also be used totroubleshoot electrical roble$s in assort$ent of industrial andhousehold devices'

The $ost basic $easure$ent rovided by a $ultitester is continuity thatdeter$ines whether a circuit is co$lete or not' 1or this tye of test, thedevice is set to -oh$s. and A or # deending on the current to be$easured, before the robes on the device are inserted into the circuit'!t will read out < and


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•!dentify the roer soldering techni2ues•1ollow the stes in soldering•!dentify the use of soldering

!ntroduction

!n this lesson, you will learn and follow the basic soldering techni2uese$loyed in constructing a solar night la$'

Hasic Soldering Procedure


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Hasic Soldering Procedure

lean the surface of the PHA clean surface is very i$ortant for a strong, low resistance solder joint'

o$onent Place$ent

!n general it is best to start with the s$allest and /attest co$onents )resistors,!s, signal diodes+ and then wor" u to the larger co$onents )caacitors, owertransistors, transfor$ers+ after the s$all arts are done'

Aly BeatAly a very s$all a$ount of solder to the ti of the iron' This hels conduct the

heat to the co$onent and board, but it is not the solder that will $a"e u the joint'

Aly Solder To The NointOnce the co$onent lead and solder ad have heated u, you are ready toaly solder'

Touch the ti of the strand of solder to the co$onent lead and solder ad, but

not the ti of the iron' !f everything is hot enough, the solder should /ow freelyaround the lead and ad' Fou will see the /ux $elt li2uify as well, bubble aroundthe joint )this is art of its cleaning action+, /ow out and release s$o"e'ontinue to add solder to the joint until the ad is co$letely coated and thesolder for$s a s$all $ound with slightly concave sides' !f it starts to ball u, youhave used too $uch solder or the ad on the board is not hot enough'

!nsect The Noint and leanu


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M&'()% 9: SS%M)0 & #$% S&)/ !I"$# )I"$#


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1ollow the roer health and safety rearations in PHrearation!dentify the di&erent stes in PH PrearationExlain the i$ortance of each ste involved in PHrearation

!ntroduction!n this lesson you will learn how to reare the PH which isan integral art of the technology in a solar night la$' Fou

will learn the correct rocesses in etching, rinting, andcleaning of the PH' Fou will also be able to follow thesafety recautions used in such rocesses


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Safety in Prearing the Etching Solution

Etching Solution or ferric chloride is a very dangerous solution and

should be handled roerly' 4a"e sure that in rearing theetching solution, you are wearing the roer ersonal rotectivee2ui$ent such as gloves and a face $as"'

The etching solution should be laced in a lastic container ratherthat $etallic so that no che$ical reactions will ta"e lace'

!t would be reco$$ended if you do the etching rocess in a wellventilated lace so that ossible su&ocation fro$ the odor of thesolution will be avoided'

Printed iruit Hoard Prearation )Part 7+


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Printed iruit Hoard Prearation )Part 7+Printin+Printing is the techni2ue used in transferring the design to be followed to theactual PH wherein the other electronic co$onents will be asse$bled'ut rinted circuit board )PH+ based to the re2uired si9e of 7 inch by 8

inches'over the coer side of the board with a layer of $as"ing tae'(ith a rinted coy of the PH layout, coy the blac" lines on the diagra$reresenting the non conductive line onto side of the board covered in$as"ing tae using a $ar"er and ruler'3sing a cutter and ruler, cut out the lines drawn with a $ar"er that will later

serve as the non conductive lines in the design'

%tchin+Hy etching, you0ll be re$oving the unnecessary coer articles fro$ thePH thus er$anently transferring the design on the board' Fou0ll be using adangerous etching solution or ferric chloride so it is i$ortant to follow the

roer ersonal rotective e2ui$ent' After using the etching solutions)ferric chloride+ lease disose the used solution and e$ty bottles roerlyand wash your hands thoroughly'3se gloves before using the etching solution )ferric chloride+'3sing tae, attached the PH at the botto$ of the lastic container coerside u'

Pour the re2uired 2uantity of the etching solution in a lastic container'Soa" the desi ned PH into the etchin solution for about 7< to ;< $inutes'


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Printed iruit Hoard Prearation )Part ;+Cleanin+leaning is very i$ortant in co$leting the etching rocess and $a"ingsure that it is successful' Proer cleaning of the PH ensures you that no

etching solution is left on the board that could da$age the followeddesign'1ill another lastic container with clean water'!n the container, soa" the etched PH in the water for a $inute' !t isreco$$ended that you clean the board under running water for betterresults but cleaning it as $entioned can also be done'

3sing the twee9ers, re$ove the soa"ed PH and dry it with a clean drycloth or tissue'e$ove the re$aining $as"ing tae on the board'!f there are still so$e arts of coer bridging to the other sides, you$ight have to redo or re6etch that art'

#estin+ Fou $ay use tools such as volt$eters with continuity testers to ensurethat the etching and boundaries are roerly done'A reading should not register to the tester to $a"e sure that the etchingrocess is roerly done' !f a reading is registered in the tester, it $eansthat the islands are connected'

As an alternative, you $ay osition the PH in front of a$le light to see


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Inow the di&erent safety recautions in soldering!dentify the di&erent electronic co$onents in solar nightla$ constructionPerfor$ the di&erent stes in $ounting and soldering ofelectronic co$onents in a solar night la$

!ntroduction!n this lesson, you will be able to follow the safety guidelines

intended in the rocess of $ounting and soldering of electronicco$onents for the solar night la$' Fou will also be able to identify and roerly attached the di&erentelectronic co$onents with the use of di&erent $ounting andsoldering techni2ues'


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Occuational Bealth and Safety!t is i$ortant to follow necessary stes that ensure your safety whileconstructing the solar night la$' 1or each ste, $a"e sure that youare wearing the re2uired rotective e2ui$ent and following theroer usage of the tools'!n the rocess of $ounting and soldering, you $ust wear a face $as"

to avoid inhaling the fu$es that is roduced by the soldering iron' !tis also suggested that you wear rotective gloves during thesoldering rocess but it $ay $a"e it a bit diGcult for you to have afeel on the soldering and harder to handle the di&erent co$onentsdue to their s$all si9es'

S ld i i t


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Soldering esistorsesistors are one of the $ost co$$only used electronic co$onentsthat create seci%ed values of current and voltage in a circuit' Thereare di&erent "inds of resistors that vary in si9e and color deendingon the ower that they carry'

Materials !eeded:Soldering ironSoldering lead@ong nose lier(ire cutterEtched PH board7 c' ;( 7< oh$ resistor7 c' 75( 7


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Soldering #iode

A diode is an electronic co$onent that is used to direct /ow ofelectricity into one direction and bloc"s the /ow in the oositedirection' They can also be considered as one6way valves used invarious circuits as a for$ of rotection'Materials !eeded:Soldering iron

Soldering lead@ong nose liers(ire cutter7 c' 7D>=7M diode

Procedure:

ut ter$inals of diode into si9e enough for it to have a feet6li"estructure'efer to the diagra$ for the roer osition of the diode on the PH'(hen soldering, $a"e sure that the white stri5line on the body ofthe diode is following the roer body orientation )refer to diagra$+'Solder the ter$inals of the diode'

hec" if the diode is roerly attached on the PH by gently ushing


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Soldering Transistors Transistors can be considered as a tye of switch or gate for electronicsignals and also regulates the current or voltage /ow'

Materials !eeded:Soldering ironSoldering lead@ong nose lier(ire cutter7 c' SM7< transistor and will be facing the board when bended'

Solder !1>7< transistor )4etal Oxide Se$iconductor 1ield E&ect Transistor+' efer to the diagra$ for the roer orientation of thetransistor' 4a"e sure that you follow the roer soldering techni2ue toroerly attach the transistor'


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Soldering the SwitchMaterials !eeded:Soldering ironSoldering lead7 c' 8 in switch

Procedure:efer to the diagra$ for the roer osition of the switch onthe PH'Solder the switch to the PH ta"ing note of the lace of the

ter$inals'


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4ounting the HatteryMaterials !eeded:Soldering iron

Soldering lead(ire cutter7 c' lithiu$6ion 8'Jv ;;


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S&)'%/I!" #$% )%'Materials !eeded:Soldering ironSoldering leadS$all glass fuseClue gunClue stic"7 c' 7( B# @E#7 c' 7 inch x 7 inch P* ouling7; inches blac" and red stranded wires? inches of inch transarent hosePlatic bottle ca

Procedure:Bold the @E# face down and solder a dro lead on the bac" $etal art'Solder a dro of lead on the fuse'Position the fuse with the lead side close to the bac" of the @E#' Beat both to $elt the lead and2uic"ly but safely attach the fuse to the @E#' Bold the fuse in lace for about = seconds toensure that the fuse has co$letely attached itself to the bac" of the @E#'ut 7; inches of blac" and red stranded wires'

Attach the red stranded wire to the ositive end of the @E# and the blac" to the negative end'ut ? inches of inch transarent hose'Preare a bottle ca where the la$ will be $ounted' Hore a hole on the ca to let the wire assthrough'!nsert the stranded wire fro$ the @E# la$ into the lastic hose'Clue the lastic hose to the bottle ca'!nsert a 7. x 7. P* couling without thread on to of the ca and let the wire through the

couling' Aly glue on the ca and the couling to hold the$ in lace'

4ounting the Solar 4odule


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gMaterials !eeded:Soldering ironSoldering leadS$all glass fuse

Clue gunClue stic"Eoxy glue7 c' >* 7( solar $odule7 c' 7 inch x > inches P* Hlue Pie8 inches blac" and red stranded wires

Procedure:Preare the solar $odule and lay it on the table with the solar cell facingdown to exose the connectors at the bac"'ut 8. length of stranded wires'Stri the ends of the stranded wire and solder on the ositive and the

negative ter$inals of the solar $odule'Beat u the glue gun and dro glue on the soldered ter$inal connectionof the solar $odule to hold the wire in lace'un the wires through the P* ie and $ount the ie on the bac" ofthe solar $odule on the slanted end of the ie'Aly eoxy on the edge of the ie where it $eets with the solar

$odule surface' Bold the ie in lace until the eoxy can hold it in

Session Objectives


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!dentify the roer wiring techni2ues in creating a solar night la$Inow the safety recautions in wiring a solar night la$

Exlain how to roerly attached the P* $odule and @E# lightsthrough wirings

!ntroduction

!n this session, you will learn the roer wiring techni2ues used in thesolar night la$ construction'


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(iringsWirin+ the )%' Module to the PCSolder the ositive ter$inal of the @E# to the PH where the 7


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Asse$bly of Solar Dight @ightSnug %t the solar $odule P* ie into the P* couling'Attach the solar $odule asse$bly to the soda bottle to ut

together the whole la$'over the solar $odule or bring the la$ into a dar" roo$ totest if the solar night light is roerly wor"ing' efer to thetesting $odule for the roer rocedure'


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Module ;: TEST!DC, TO3H@ESBOOT!DC and4A!DTEDADE


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!dentify the di&erent stes in testing and troubleshooting of thesolar night la$!dentify the di&erent roble$s you $ay encounter in constructing asolar night la$Perfor$ the di&erent stes in troubleshooting the roble$sencountered in $a"ing a solar night la$

!ntroduction!n this lesson, you will learn the di&erent testing rocess to $a"esure that a solar night la$ is roerly constructed' Fou will also learn to identify the di&erent instances that wouldre2uire troubleshooting for solar night la$ and be able to erfor$the aroriate troubleshooting rocedure'


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#estin+

Test the solar night la$ if it wor"s to $a"e sure that you roerlyasse$bled the co$onents together'

Procedure:4a"e sure that the solar night light is switched onover the solar $odule or bring the la$ into a dar" roo$' The @E#should light u when the solar $odule is covered or is in a dar" roo$3ncover the solar $odule in a well lit5lighted roo$ or outdoor duringdaylight' The la$ should auto$atically turn o& in doing so'


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Troubleshooting#he li+ht does not turn &! 5hen the solar module is co4ered orthe lamp is in the dar*.

hec" if the switch is OD' hec" if the switch has oor connection orsoldered oints'hec" the voltage on the ter$inals of the @E#, it should register atleast 8 volts' hec" the connection if there is a very low voltage' 1ixossible oen or shorted connections and solder oints'!f there is 8* or $ore at the @E# ter$inal, it is ossible that the @E#

la$ is busted' elace the @E#'hec" if the battery voltage is still above 8*' Allow the battery tocharge of the voltage is low'

#he li+ht turns on ,ut does not turn o< 5hen the solar moduleis e3posed to li+hthec" the PH of ossible short circuits of oen connections'hec" if the voltage between the solar $odule connection ointsincreases if the solar $odule is exosed to strong light and decreases ifthe solar $odule is covered fro$ light' !f not, the solar $odule $ay bedefective' elace the solar $odule'

solar night light assembly

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