European International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1 January, 2016

77

Solar Powered Electric Bike

Engr.M.Bilal Chouhary 1, Engr. Saiful Talpur

2, Engr.Taimoor Zafar

3, Engr. Muhammad Hussain

4,

Engr.Asif Raza 5, Engr.Habib Hussain Zuberi

6

1,2,3,4,5,6

BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, KARACHI CAMPUS

Abstract

The renewable energy is used in upcoming years as well as in future to full fill the energy requirements. As

population is increasing day by day and energy demand is linearly increasing it will be very difficult or

simply impossible to full fill the energy requirements without renewable energy. The solar powered electric

bike will be demand of near future. As by using solar powered bike, it will save non-renewable sources. The

basic principle of this solar powered electric bike is to store energy in battery and used it after charging.

The charge batteries supplies energy to PMDC (which acting as engine) to move electric bike. The Throttle

(rheostat) is used to control the speed of PMDC motor. This avoids excess flow of current when the Solar E-

bike is supposed to be stopped suddenly as it is in normal bikes with regards to fuel. This idea, in future,

help in saving electric power of solar powered electric bike and thus also increasing mileage.

Nearby all electric bikes uses AC powered to charge. First AC power is converted into DC power

through inverter and it includes power losses. Although charging time of batteries also increases which

make E-Bike not effective and common for everyone use. By replacing AC Drive to DC Drives, the charging

time is reduced and maintenance of AC drive is more difficult as compare to DC Drive.

Index Terms: PMDC Motor, Rheostat Control, batteries, Solar panel, Battery Cycle.

I. INTRODUCTION

Today we are generating electricity from fossil fuels, they are nor environmental friendly. It is causing

global warming, therefore we need Non-conventional sources of energy. To reduce use of energy from fossil

fuels in transportation usage and make environment clean and green, we have designed electric bike that

uses solar energy to run. The electric bike designed is a single seater and can be used for short distance. As

these electric bikes are future of automobile industry. We need to concentrate on improving their design and

making them cost effective. This vehicle is an initiative in this direction.

European International Journal of Scien

II. BASIC FUNCTIONAL

Fig. 1 Basic block Diagram Represe

The above block diagram presents an o

source of energy for this bike is sun, wh

is being fed to the batteries that get cha

shaft of the motor is connected to the

initially fully charged and thereafter th

discharging cycle of the batteries, which

life period of batteries.

III. BASIC CIRCUIT DIAG

The fig 2 shown below represents an ov

switch is pressed the electrical power su

controller act as engine of the bike as w

working as the accelerator.

Fig. 2 Circuit diagram for the moveme

ence and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693

L DIAGRAM

sentation of Solar Powered electric bike

overview of the working of solar powered elec

hich is captured from solar panels. The electrica

harged and is used to run 24 V DC high torques

he rear wheel of the bike through chain sprocke

they are charged by panels. This helps in com

ich is very important for proper working of batte

GRAM

overview of the circuit that run the entire bike. W

supplied to controller and controller make PMDC

with the input of throttle (rheostat), speed of mot

ment of the solar powered electric bike

www.eijst.org.uk

lectric bike. The main

cal energy thus formed

ues PMDC motor. The

cket. The batteries are

mpleting the charging

tteries and enhance the

. Whenever the power

DC motor to run. Here

otor varies. Throttle is

European International Journal of Scien

IV. COMPONENTS USED

Various types of electrical components

these components used with their range

solar powered electric bike is given in th

TABLE I

LIST OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS

Components

used

Range

Batteries

(heavy inverter batteries)

24V 74Ah

Solar module 250Wp(Wat

Connecting Cables Motor conne

Solar modul

Charge cont

Motor High torque

MOSFET’s 24V, upto 9

Apart from the above listed components

motor is the motor controller. It is define

A. MOTOR CONTROLER

To control the speed of Solar Powered

controller.

Fig. 4. The front view of the speed con

The picture showing the view of High po

ence and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1

D

ts were used for making the solar powered electr

ge and the specific quantities that were required

the following table.

S USED

Qua

2*12

att Peak) 1

nection:25Sq.m m high voltage cables.

ule to charge controller unit:-1Sq.mm

ntroller to battery unit:-2Sq.mm

10 m

1 me

1 me

ue DC motor 1Hp=746W 1

90 Amps 5

nts the main component that is responsible for sp

ined as follows:-

ed Electric Bike is an essential part as motor is

ontrol unit

power MOSFETs.

January, 2016

ctric bike. A list of

red for making the

uantity

12V

meters

meter

meter

speed control of the

is direct connected to

European International Journal of Scien

B. SOLAR PANEL DETAILS - 140W

Solar panel which is used to charge th

main point for selecting the 140W pane

that we have designed, we have designe

used in the vehicle is multi-crystalline. T

it is more efficient as compared to the m

faster in the multi crystalline cell. Ther

covered from upper side with thick glass

panel.

Fig 3. The diagrammatic representatio

V. WORKING OF THE VEHI

Motor controller is connected with PMD

The V(shaped) brakes are used. When

pressing brakes it is reduced. The batte

travel up to 40km which is quiet impre

initial stage worked done by students is g

VI. ADVANTAGES OF THE V

The solar E-bike are the future of the

manufactured with ease. The main adva

are very economical. Since they cause

answer to the increasing pollution levels

renewable sources of energy like the so

sources of energy. The other main ad

maintenance as compared to the convent

ence and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693

0Wp

the solar power electric bike is of the rating of

nel is to reduce the charging time of the battery.

ned also the solar power station for its charging.

. The main reason behind using the multi crystalli

e mono-crystalline cell and the rate of conversion

ere are 36 cells used in the solar panel. The so

ss so that it can be clean easily and to avoid dust t

tion of the solar module

HICLE

DC motor and as throttle is pressed, the speed o

en throttle is released the speed of e-bike deacc

ttery needs 10+hours to get charge but when it

ressive at this stage. Still the system needs impro

is good.

VEHICLE

e automobile industry. They are highly feasible

vantages of a solar E-bike are that they are pollu

se no pollution they are very eco-friendly and

ls from automobiles in the present scenario. By h

solar energy we are helping in preserving the no

advantages of the solar vehicle are that they

ntional bike and motor cycles and are very user fr

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f 250 WP. The

y. For the bike

g. The solar cell

lline cell is that

ion of energy is

solar module is

st to on the solar

of motor varies.

ccelerate and by

it charges it can

provement but at

ble and can be

llution less and

d are the only

harvesting the

non-renewable

y require less

friendly.

European International Journal of Scien

VII. CONCLUSION

The solar vehicle and Solar Electric Bike

pollution free method. We need to mak

fuels. Solar electric bike do have some d

rate of conversion of energy is not sa

overcome by conducting further researc

using the ultra-efficient solar cells that g

As this field of automobiles will be e

(Vehicle and Bike) have a huge prospect

We have already completed making a

successfully on solar power.

The picture of the running Solar Electric

Fig.5 Solar Electric Bike

VIII. FUTURE WORK

There is always a space for upgrada

to need of human beings which var

bike includes which are as follows:-

� More speed

� More charging backup

� Such a design in which at lea

� Hybrid Bikes

� Object Detection and automa

� Charging of Battery by Alter

Horn)

ence and Technology Vol. 5 No. 1

ike solves many problems related to the environme

ake use of them so that we can reduce our depe

disadvantages like small speed range, initial cost

satisfactory (only 17%). But these disadvantag

arch in this area; like the problem of solar cells

t give about 30-35% efficiency.

explored the problems will get solved. The s

ective market and we should start using them in ou

a solar electric bike prototype as our project a

ric Bike is shown below.

dation, correction and nothing on earth is final, it

aries time to time. The Future work on this sola

-

least 2 people can travel

atic path change

ernator (For Lights,

January, 2016

ment and is the best

ependence on fossil

st is high. Also, the

tages can be easily

ls can be solved by

solar automobiles

our day to day life.

t and it is running

it changes according

olar powered electric

European International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2304-9693 www.eijst.org.uk

82

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This paper is based on a real time project carried out by the students of Bahria University, Karachi

Campus. The E-bike was made possible with the help and assistance provided by Dr.Engr.Haroon

Rasheed, Associate professor, Bahria University, Karachi Campus. The project was taken by a team of 4

members namely M.BilalChoudhary, ArslanAzhar, Junaid Ur Rehman& Malik Mubashir.

REFERENCES

[1] M. W. Daniels and P. R. Kumar, “The optimal use of the solar power Automobile,” Control

Systems Magazine, IEEE, vol. 19, no. 3, 2005.

[2] “SOLAR VEHICLES AND BENEFITS OF THETECHNOLOGY”, by John Connors, ICCEP

paper2007.

[3] www.electricvehicle.com for the electrical design of the car and to know the technologies used in

previous cars.