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TRANSCRIPT
Load Shedding in Pakistan
and the Potential of Solar Energy
June 2012
By
Abid Bukari
&
Nasir Hamodi
Organization Historical Background
Load duration curve
Capacity, capability & availability
Shortage
Reasons
Solar energy
Irrdiation map
Conclusion
Organization
Historical Background
Load duration curve
Capacity, capability & availability
Shortage
Reasons
Solar energy
Irrdiation map
Conclusion
Historical Background
Pre 1994 era
Sever load shedding
Post 1994 era
Historical Background
Pre 1994 era
Sever load shedding
Post 1994 era
Surplus power in the system
2002 Power Policy
Lengthy procedure
- Approval of feasibility
- Tariff negotiation & approval
- Security packages
High load growth
Current Situation Supply / Demand Balance
Load duration curve
Capacity, Capability and Availability
Demand
Supply
Current Situation
Supply / Demand Balance
Load duration curve
Capacity, Capability and Availability
Demand
Supply
Power Supply/Demand Balance
Power Supply/Demand Balance
Load Duration Curve
18th August 2007
Load Duration Curve
18th August 2007
Load Duration Curve
21st August 2008
Load Duration Curve
21st August 2008
Load Duration Curve
10th January 2007
Load Duration Curve
10th January 2007
Load Duration Curve
23rd January 2008
Load Duration Curve
23rd January 2008
s
Reasons Late finalization of 2002 power policy
Late initiation of new projects
Long processing time
Not soliciting new power plants
Reliance of unsolicited proposal
WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants
Private sector started taking advantages
Availability of machines in the international market
Reasons
Late finalization of 2002 power policy
Late initiation of new projects
Long processing time
Not soliciting new power plants
Reliance of unsolicited proposal
WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants
Private sector started taking advantages
Availability of machines in the international market
Reasons Late finalization of 2002 power policy
Late initiation of new projects
Long processing time
Not soliciting new power plants
Reliance of unsolicited proposal
WAPDA was not allowed to install thermal power plants
Private sector started taking advantages
Availability of machines in the international market
Reasons (Contd)
No serious effort on efficiency improvement and energy conservation
Time of day metering system is not up to its strength
Hydropower not coming up
Small hydropower plants are not being taken up by WAPDA.
Clousure of some IPP & WAPDA’s power plants
No payment of fuel bills to fuel suppliers.
Reasons (Contd)
International investors are not coming with enthusiasm
International recession
Governance issues
No serious efforts to exploit alternative energy resources
Huge reserve of coal is not being used
Issues Most of the new thermal power plants are based on fuel oil
Cost of electricity generations
Fuel imports - major implecations on forx reseve
Volatility of crude oil prices
Fuel transporation and import infrastructure
Road / railway network
Port facilities
Issues
Most of the new thermal power plants are based on fuel oil
Cost of electricity generations
Fuel imports - major implications on Forx Reserve
Volatility of crude oil prices
Fuel transportation and import infrastructure
Road / railway network
Port facilities
Issues Gas is not available for new power plants
Un efficient energy useage
Issues
Gas is not available for new power plants
Un efficient energy usage
No incentive from the government to develop alternative
energy resources
Rental power plant is suicidal
World wide Solar Energy Production
World wide Solar Energy Production
Prospects of Solar Energy in Pakistan
Prospects of Solar Energy in Pakistan
Excellent potential for Pakistan
High level of solar radiations throughout the year
Receives on average 19 mega joules of solar energy per square metre
Average daily generation rate – 5.3 kWh/m²
Sun shines for 3000 hrs per annum in South-Western province of
Balochistan
Jacobabad receives 2,142 kWh of solar-Irradiation/m²/year
Solar Irradiation Map of Pakistan
Solar Irradiation Map of Pakistan
Prospects of Solar Thermal for Electricity Generation in Pakistan Prospects of Solar Thermal for Electricity Generation
in Pakistan
Use of 1% surface area of Sahara for solar power
plants would be sufficient to meet the entire global
electricity demand
Solar thermal power plants apart from photovoltaic,
offer the opportunity to produce solar electricity in the
tropics at low cost
Cost of installation of high quality panels
1.0 Kilo Watts Solar Plan Equipment including batteries
and solar controller.
System Cost $4825 Tax/Duty/Shipping/Customs
clearance fee $ 700
Installation $ 300
Total $5925 + GST
Panels and electronic devices are made in Germany
More prices are:
http://uk-solar energy.com/Product_Guide.html
Cost of installation of high quality panels
1.0 Kilo Watts Solar Plan Equipment including batteries
and solar controller.
System Cost $4825 Tax/Duty/Shipping/Customs
clearance fee $ 700
Installation $ 300
Total $5925 + GST
Panels and electronic devices are made in Germany
More prices are:
http://uk-solar energy.com/Product_Guide.html
Conclusions Conclusions
Conclusions
• Pakistan lies in an area of one of the highest solar incidence in the
world.
• Its geographical location presents excellent
• Conditions for deployment of small and large scale solar thermal
power plants
• R&D work and Use of Indigenous Resources can make the difference
• Cheap labor and location near the equator are the main factors,
which changes the scenario from the western world
• This vast potential can be exploited to produce
• Electricity by solar thermal technology, which could be provided to
off-grid communities.