solar pv - general useful info.pdf
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ISA SOLAR PV CONCLAVE 2008
A presentation
by
B. Venkateswara RaoGeneral Manager (Projects & Technical)
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited
September 29, 2008
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Power Scenario in IndiaPower Scenario in India
To meet the growing demand and shortages generation capacity needs
to be doubled by 2017 and increased 6 folds to 800 GW by 2031 - 2032
Installed Capacity : 145586 MW (As of July, 2008)
Share of RE : 12194 MW (8%)
Solar Power Plants Harnessed : 3 MWp
Average Electricity Shortage : 9.6%
Peak Shortage : 13.8 %
Access to Electricity (Rural) : 44% households
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Power SectorPower Sector ProjectionsProjections
Target for Capacity Addition during XI Plan ( 2007 2012) : 78578 MW
Target for Capacity Addition during XI Plan ( 2007 2012) : 14000 MW
(Renewable Energy)
GOI target Electricity for all by 2012
About 18000 remote villages to be electrified through RE
About 25% of remote villages i.e. 4500 villages form a very viable market.
Majority of villages spread across states like U.P., Uttarakhand, Chattisgarh,J&K, Jharkhand, Orissa and NER States where Solar PV would be the onlyRenewable Energy Resource.
Targets dur ing XI Five Year Plan (2007 2012)
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Power Sector at GlancePower Sector at Glance
Nuclear
3%
Renewable
9%
Hydro
25%
Thermal
63%
Thermal 91, 907
Hydro 35, 909
Renewable 12,400
Nuclear 4, 120 Renewable Energy (including Hydro) accounts 34% of the installed capacity in India
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Indian Renewable Energy ScenarioIndian Renewable Energy Scenario
Sector Potential Achievement
(As on 31.03.2008)
Wind 45000 MW 8757 MW
Small Hydro 15000 MW 2180 MW
Biomass Power/ 16000 MW 606 MW Bagasse Cogeneration 3500 MW 800 MW
Waste to Energy 2700 MW 55 MW
Solar PV 20 MW/sq.km 3 MW
Renewables : Total installed capacity 12400 MW
Target for Capacity Addit ion during XI Plan ( 2007 2012) : 14000 MW
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Solar PV Market Growth in IndiaSolar PV Market Growth in India
Sector-wise use of PV Modules (335 MWp aggregate capacity)
Others (40.5)
Telecom (22)
Power Plant (6)Pump (11)
Lantern (7.5)
Street Light (5.5)
Home Light (16.5)
Exports (225)
Sector-wise use of PV Modules (335 MWp aggregate capacity)
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Solar PV ProductionSolar PV Production
2752002007-08*
1551552006-07
103532005-06
75402004-05
Solar ModuleProduction (MWp)
Solar Cell Production(MWp)
Year
* Estimate
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Present Status of Solar PVPresent Status of Solar PV
Developers / Manufacturers in IndiaDevelopers / Manufacturers in India
PV Cells Mfg. Co. 9 Nos.
PV Module Mfg. Co. 21 Nos.
PV System Mfg. Co. 80 Nos.
Estimated Turnover Approx. Rs. 4000 crores
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MNRE Demonstration ProgrammeMNRE Demonstration Programme
ononGrid InteractiveGrid Interactive
Solar Power GenerationSolar Power Generation
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ObjectivesObjectives
Development & demonstration of mega-watt capacity gridinteractive PV Power generation in the country
Reduction in the cost of Solar PV / Thermal Power plants /systems
Reduction in the cost of electricity generation from grid
connected Solar PV Power plants
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Implementation ArrangementsImplementation Arrangements
Project proposals will be considered by Ministry of New andRenewable Energy (MNRE) for approval on f i r st com e f i r st ser ve basis in accordance with guidelines of MNRE.
Project proposals will be considered on merit basis.
Projects set up by the developers on build, own and operate
basis in accordance with the guidelines of MNRE.
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Targets and Generation based IncentivesTargets and Generation based Incentives
Support for maximum capacity up to 50 MWp (Maximum10 MW for each state) during 11th Five Year Plan.
Minimum of 1 MW and maximum of 5 MW can beallocated to a Developer.
Generation based incentive up to maximum of Rs.12/- perkWh for Solar PV Grid Power Plant (deducting powerpurchase rate which is distributed at notional value of
Rs.15/-).
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Accelerated depreciation benefit is not allowed whileavailing the incentives.
Third Party Sale, Banking and Billing of power is notpermitted.
The generation based incentive is available for maximumperiod of 10 years from the date of approval and regularpower generation from the project.
MNRE may announce a new policy by 31.03.2010 for thegeneration based incentives and guidelines which will beapplicable for all such proposals and projects.
Contd..
Targets and Generation based IncentivesTargets and Generation based Incentives
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Eligible OrganizationsEligible Organizations
All existing Registered Companies, Central /
State Power Generation Companies, Public and
Private Sector PV Project Developers
Individuals, NGOs, Financial Institut ions, Societies and other unorganized
investors are not eligible to participate DIRECTLY.
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and Responsibilities(For Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation Projects)(For Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation Projects)
Approval / Sanction of Projects byMNRE
Disbursement of generation based incentives through IREDA
Installation and Maintenance of the power plant by Project Promoter
Inspection and Monitoring of the Power Plant by the team of officials from MNRE / SNA / Utility / IREDA
Field Evaluation studies by MNRE through Professionals / Independent Organizations
Project loan can also be provided by IREDA
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Financing of Central / GridFinancing of Central / Grid
Connected Projects by IREDAConnected Projects by IREDA
Loan amount upto 75% of the total project cost
Minimum promoters contribution 25% of the total
project cost
Maximum loan repayment period upto 10 years
Interest rate 13.00% to 14.00% based on the riskassessment of the promoters / project
Eligibility criteria
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Eligibility Criteria for IREDA LoanEligibility Criteria for IREDA Loan
Public, Private Ltd. Companies, NBFCs and RegisteredSocieties.
Individual, Proprietary and Partnership Firms (with
applicable conditions).
State Electricity Boards which are restructured or in theprocess of restructuring and eligible to borrow loan fromREC/PFC).
Profit making applicants and with no accumulated losses.
No erosion in paid up equity share capital.
Demonstration Programme on Grid Interactive Solar Power Generation
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Solar Photovoltaic TechnologySolar Photovoltaic Technology
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Highest Solar Cell Efficiencies (World)Highest Solar Cell Efficiencies (World)
Delaware University42.80.20GaAs (20 x)
Spectrolab40.70.40GaAs (500 x)
North Carolina University6.01.00OrganicSharp10.41.00DYE
Stuttgart University16.64.01Si Films
NREL19.51.00CIGS
NREL16.81.00CdTe
USSC13.50.27a-Si Triple Junction
SANYO12.71.00a-Si Single Junction
FhG-ISE20.31.00Si Multi Crystal
UNSW24.74.00Si Single Crystal
GroupEfficiency
%
AreaSq.cm.
Technology
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Contd..
Highest Solar Cell Efficiencies (India)Highest Solar Cell Efficiencies (India)
NPL10.50.03CdTe
IISC13.00.41CIGS
Jadavpur University8.70.98Si Films
Delhi University5.01.00Dye Sensitized
IIT, Kanpur3.00.50Organic Cells
IACS6.01.00a-Si/c-Si (nc-Si)
IACS11.51.00a-Si Multi JunctionIACS12.01.00a-Si Single Junction
Tata BP16.0100.00Multi Crystal
CEL19.764.00Single Crystal
GroupEfficiency
%
AreaSq.cm.
Technology
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National Solar MissionNational Solar Mission
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National Solar MissionNational Solar Mission -- ObjectivesObjectives
To deliver at least 80% coverage for all low temperature (
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Industrial Growth to meetIndustrial Growth to meet
requirement of Solar Missionrequirement of Solar Mission
Annual production capacity of about 2000 3000tonnes of poly silicon material and down the line siliconingot and wafer production facilities to be set up by 2012
and upgrade to 30,000 tonnes by 2017.
The domestic manufacturing capacity for solar cells andmodules to be increased from the present level of about110 MW to more than 5 GW by 2017.
Achieve cumulative PV module production of 800 MWduring the 11th plan and another 2 GW during the 12th
plan period.
National Solar Mission
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PV Road MapPV Road MapEfficiency Targets towards 2022Efficiency Targets towards 2022
47 (50)39 (45)28 (32)--GaAs Conc. solarcell
12-17 (25)8-10 (15)(5-10)(2-5%)Dye/organicnano based solarcell
19 (22)
21 (25)
14 (16)
15 (20)
10 (13)
10 (15)
CdTe (10%)
CIGS (13%)
Polycrystallinesolar cell
16 (20)12-14 (16)8 (13.5)5-6%* (10-12%)
*Pilot Plant
Thin-film siliconsolar cell
24 (26)23 (25)19 (22)13-16% (19.7%)Crystalline siliconsolar cell
2021-222017-182011-12
Conversion Efficiency Target(%)
Present StatusProduction (R & D)
Type of SolarCell
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Effects of R&DEffects of R&D -- Cost of Solar PVCost of Solar PV
70110170PV System price Rs./Wp
(low storage, hybrid)
80120185PV System price Rs./Wp(with storage)
60100160PV System price Rs./Wp(No storage)
3060120PV Module price Rs./Wp
202220172012Technology
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Issues & Challenges for developmentIssues & Challenges for development
of Large Scale Solar Power Plantsof Large Scale Solar Power Plants
Project DevelopersProject DevelopersNeeds long term
commitment & purchase
of power to achieve cost
reduction
FinancierFinancierneeds technology
demonstration viability of
the Project
DeveloperDeveloperNeeds proof of
technology expenditureon demo projects
DemonstrationDemonstration
ProjectsProjectsInitial cost i s high
UtilityUtilityHesitate to go for long term
commitment for PPA and
awaiting better prices
Cost reductionCost reduction
is possible only by massproduction of s ystem and
large capacity pl ants
How to breakHow to break
this viciousthis vicious
circle?circle?
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Suggestions to overcome barriersSuggestions to overcome barriers
Developers may be large companies i.e. utilities &corporations
Ownership by utilities, if possible
Price escalation clause at least equal to inflation ratelinked to cost of living
Longer PPA about 25-30 years i.e. life of the system
Favourable Govt. policies including incentive package etc.
New technology development
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Technology: Solar Flat Plate PV SystemTechnology: Solar Flat Plate PV System
Status Fixed or tracking crystalline or multi-crystalline flat plate: fully
commercial
Thin film flat plate: early commercial
Over 250 systems installed worldwide larger than 1 MW; 7 systems
over 10 MW
Largest is 20 MW in Germany 15 MW system at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada
8.2 MW System at Alamosa, CO
Environmental Footprint
Acres/MW- Fixed Orientation silicon 7.5 acres per MW
- One axis tracking silicon 9.5 acres per MW
- Fixed orientation thin film 10 acres per MW
Lower water usage (washing), no air emissions
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Technology: Solar Flat Plate PV SystemTechnology: Solar Flat Plate PV System
Load Matching and Storage
As available
Subject to rapid transients with cloud passage
No storage in currently proposed systems
Future storage to mitigate transients?
Potential for Cost Reduction
Increased deployment / manufacturing
Maturity of low cost / medium efficiency thin film
Reduction of tracking costs
Suppliers Large number of domestic and international suppliers
Contd..
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Technology: Solar Concentrating PV SystemTechnology: Solar Concentrating PV System
Status Some suppliers offerings can be considered pre-commercial
Other supplier offerings are demonstration or conceptual
Environmental Footprint Currently above 5.5 acres/MW, decreasing to 4.5 acres/MW with higher
efficiency cells
Low water requirement (washing); no air emissions
Load Matching and Storage As available
Subject to rapid transients with cloud passage
No storage in currently proposed systems
Future storage to mitigate transients?
Potential for Cost Reduction Costs not sufficiently developed for benchmarking
Mass Production
Increased cell efficiency (less collector area required)
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Crystalline silicon flat plate PV are commercial
technologies
- They have moderate opportunity for cost reduction
- They are low risk
Thin Film PV
- Potential for low costs, but reasonable efficiencies mustbe reached at that low cost
- Watch out for balance of plant and area-related cost
Concentrating PV- High efficiency multi-junction cells will cut costs- Will be competitive in future
Status and Viability of variousStatus and Viability of various
Solar PV TechnologiesSolar PV Technologies
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Important Steps in establishingImportant Steps in establishing
Central Solar Power ProjectsCentral Solar Power Projects
Identification of Energy Resource Zones especially w.r.t.Solar Power Projects
Creation of conducive policy atmosphere- Lease of land at concessional price
-To provide all necessary clearance includingestablishment of plant & transmission lines
- Long range planning & clear road map for 10-20 years
Establishment of transmission lines- To provide necessary land / forest / local clearance
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Important Steps in establishingImportant Steps in establishing
Central Solar Power ProjectsCentral Solar Power Projects
Incentives / Tax Credits and Financing- Upfront tax credits / income tax rebates
- Quasi equity / least cost credits
- Sub ordinate debit
- Production linked incentive for longer period
- To enable long term PPAs approx. 25-30 years
Favourable local / state policies- Land clearances
- Attractive purchase tariffs for solar power from state
agencies etc.
Contd..
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Important Steps in establishingImportant Steps in establishing
Central Solar Power ProjectsCentral Solar Power Projects
Identification of Technology
- Based on efficiency / stability / suitability / viability /
cost effectiveness
Exploration of Hybrid Systems
- Suitable Thermal storage options
Contd..
Ensure good operation & maintenance of power plants
- Manpower training
Participation of Utilities, Equipment Manufacturers,Financial Institutions / Banks on joint partnership
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Important Steps in establishingImportant Steps in establishing
Central Solar Power ProjectsCentral Solar Power Projects
To create green cess / pool fund to provideincentives to C&P
Innovative financing methods
- Equity Participation- Longer repayment period- Balloon repayment etc.
Contd..
Explore foreign funds at concessional cost
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Solar PV Power vs. Diesel PowerSolar PV Power vs. Diesel Power
It is a viable option provided -
Availability of low cost funds for Solar PV and long-termrepayment
Matching of Day time load
Availability of maximum depreciation benefit in the first year
Consideration of life cycle cost and savings
Consideration of environmental benefits
Possible to set up Central Solar PV Station in remotelocations with reasonable transmission charges and also forself-consumption of power by the same industry
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Cost Reduction AttemptsCost Reduction Attempts Solar PVSolar PV
Process yield to be increased from 96% to 98% through use oflaser cutting and cell testing machines
Optimization of lamination cycle for better results
EVA formulation being optimized
Dispensing with module frames but modifying mountingstructures
Edge-sealing to decrease the probability of moisture ingress
Use of pyramidically textured front glass for opticalenhancement
Handling of thin and fragile cells improved with minimalbreakages
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To reduce cost of manufacturing of basic raw material.
To improve the module efficiencies between 30% 50% beyond2030.
Consumption of Poly Silicon to reduce from 5 g/Wp to 2 g/Wp by2030.
Cost of Cyrstalline Silicon to reduce from US$ 1.3/Wp to US$ 0.4Wp by 2020.
To reduce cost of power generation by optimum systemconfiguration.
For spawning a thriving solar market, the technology needs to becompetitively cheaper.
Contd..
Cost Reduction AttemptsCost Reduction Attempts Solar PVSolar PV
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Solar Financing ChallengesSolar Financing Challenges
Upfront Capital Cost
Central Govt. policies / tax incentives / rebates / generation linkedincentives
SEB Purchase of Power Costs
Long Term PPA
Technology Upgradation
Availability of Green Cess / Lower Cost of Funds
Transmission issue for large power plants
Feed-in tariff / Net metering for longer period at guaranteed rate
Renewable Energy Certificates
Need to develop a supply chain that can bring efficiencies to thesystem, from design to delivery and ultimate service in the field.
Focus on market based incentive to force the manufacturers toinvest in efficient supply chain.
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Thank you
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency LimitedCore 4 A, India Habitat Centre,
Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, IndiaEmail :[email protected]
Website:www.ireda.in