solar system: ground-based
DESCRIPTION
Solar System: ground-based. Inner solar system Mars Outer solar system Dynamics of planetary atmospheres Structure, dynamics and formation outer solar system Many possibilities for synergy Spacecraft: high-resolution snapshot in time; medium resolution spectroscopy unhindered by atmosphere - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Solar System: ground-based• Inner solar system
• Mars
• Outer solar system– Dynamics of planetary atmospheres
– Structure, dynamics and formation outer solar system
• Many possibilities for synergy– Spacecraft: high-resolution snapshot in time; medium
resolution spectroscopy unhindered by atmosphere
– Ground: long term monitoring of entire planet; high resolution spectroscopy in atmospheric windows
Ewine van Dishoeck, ESO-ESA coordination meeting, Septemer 15 2003, Garching
I. Inner solar system
• Limited ground-based observations possible, but some unique cases, e.g.:
• Sun– Structure and dynamics of chromosphere => heating
processes• ALMA submillimeter continuum monitoring• ALMA submm recombination lines of corona => magnetic field through
Zeeman effect
• Moon, Mercury, Near-Earth Asteroids, Mars– Characterizing the (near-) surface thermal and electrical
properties and texture, including polar ice caps• ALMA (sub)millimeter continuum maps; radar of NEA• Synergy with SMART-1, Bepi-Colombo
Inner solar system (cont’d)
• Venus– Dynamics of middle atmosphere (70-110 km):
direct wind measurements• ALMA CO lines at high spatial and spectral
resolution “snapshots of atmospheric circulation”
– Chemistry of Venus atmosphere• ALMA HCl, H2S, SO2
– Synergy with Venus Express?
II. Mars
• Three dimensional water cycle of Mars– ALMA HDO monitoring
• Dynamics of middle atmosphere (30-70 km): direct wind measurements– ALMA CO lines at high spatial and spectral resolution
“snapshots of atmospheric circulation”
• Chemistry of Mars atmosphere: testing photochemical models– ALMA O3, NO, H2O2
• Synergy with Mars missions, e.g. Mars Express, Beagle 2; Herschel
Water on Mars
HDO : ALMA1.3 mm
H2O 557 GHz:Herschel
III. Outer Solar System:Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres• How do giant planet atmospheres work? E.g.
– Storms on Jupiter and Saturn– Uranus global change– Titan atmosphere– Cometary impacts/accretion of planetesimals; origin of external
water– Reference for exo-planetary atmospheres studies
• Do minor bodies have atmospheres? If so, composition?– Triton, Pluto, TNO
=> - Direct wind measurements: ALMA, VLT
- Composition: trace species probing key processes, e.g.
H3+ VLT; HCN, HDO, minor species: ALMA
- Synergy with Cassini/Huygens, Herschel
Volcanism on Io
4.8 m ground image
~ OWL resolution at 4.8 m
OWL resolution, Vis
Prometheus
Structure, dynamics and history Solar System
• Kuiper Belt Objects: remnants of the Sun’s circumstellar disk (putting our solar system in context)– Large asteroids => planets (Pluto, Quaoar, Charon, …): how
many? mass? origin?
– Mapping orbital dynamics of KBO’s (Plutinos/captured, Scattered disk, Cubewanos/classical, …): clearing of small bodies in planetary system
– Origin planetary moons: circumplanetary disk or captured?
– Composition surfaces KBO’s: origin? processing? source of H2O and organics on Earth and Mars
VST/VLT: finding KBO’s, near-IR spectroscopy in reflected lightALMA: thermal emission => albedoVLTI/OWL: sizes, masses largest KBO’sJWST: near- and mid-IR spectroscopy (reflected, thermal)
Minor planets in solar system
Size Quaoar resolved from space but alsomeasured from mm Bertoldi et al. 2002
Comets
• Origin solar system: probing the most pristine material
• Formation zone comets: inner vs. outer solar system? Scattered?
• Relation with circumstellar disk material?
- ALMA: composition parent gases, dynamics of coma: mm spectroscopy at high angular (down to 10 km) and velocity (<0.1 km/s) resolution- VLT: composition gases and solids: near-IR, mid-IR spectroscopy; preparatory studies comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
- Rosetta: detailed in-situ study of one comet- JWST: near- and mid-IR spectroscopy of distant comets: silicates, H2O, CO2,
- Herschel: mm spectroscopy of comets: H2O
Cometary spectra
Crovisier 2000
H2O in comets
ALMA: HDO imaging at high spatial resolution (~10 km) => HDO/H2OVLT: HDO 3.7 m fluorescenceHerschel: H2O 557 GHz line monitoring, far-IR linesJWST: H2O near-IR, mid-IR: ortho/para ratio => formation T
ISO-SWS
Crovisier et al.
Organics in comets
IR: CH3OH, C2H6, OH, CH4, …
VLT-CRIRES, VISIR; JWSTMm: many minor speciesALMA, Herschel
Mumma et Al. 2001
Bockelee-Morvanet al. 2000