HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLESolar Electric Vehicle

Done by • ]• ]• ]• ]

Farag Aktham Abdullah Islam

Conventional cars

Internal combustion engines• It has fuel tank which supplies

gasoline to fuel engine.• Engine turns a transmission

which turns towheels

Internal combustion Engines1. consume Resources 2. Heavy reliance on imports

Production shortages

Petroleum is expensive 3. Creates smog & Ozone in Big cities4. Emits pollution in the Air

Why electric cars?

• Electric cars are FUN!• CLEAN AIR – zero emissions• Electricity is readily available• Electricity costs are stable and much lower than gasoline• Oil independence (national security)• Save gas = save money • Low maintenance

Fun, Fast, Clean & EfficientWhy Electric Cars?

How Electric Cars?Electric Vehicle Energy Lingo

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW• kWh is “how much” energy, similar to liters of gas.• Kilo Meters per kWh, similar to Kilo Meters per liter.• kW is “how fast”, similar to liter per minute.

kWh = how much energy is used or stored

kW = how fast energy is

transferred

AnywhereWhere to find electricity for Electric Cars?

Disadvantages

Types of EV1. Battery Electric Vehicles fully-electric vehicles with rechargeable batteries and no gasoline engine.

2. Hybrid Electric Vehiclecombines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system

3. Solar Power Car

Solar power cars are electric cars which are

powered by sun’s energy

How Does Solar Power Car Works

Evolution of Solar Power cars

1990

1993

2001

2009

World Solar Challenge

Tübitak Formula-G

2015…….

Project aim• Aim of the project:1. Using solar energy to enhance the efficiency of

the car so that we can drive it for a longer time.2. Sustainable movement by supplying battery with

electric energy while moving through PV

ELECTRONIC & ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

A solar car composes of the following

• PV solar panels

• Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT)

• Battery and Battery Management Systems

• Motor and Electronic Motor Controller

The Internal Process

48V battery

• Solar array voltage (i.e. voltage produced by the solar array) must be equal to system voltage of the motor for optimal working of motor. Generally, it is difficult to match these voltages accurately due to random errors

• MPPTs allow the system to run as efficiently as possible by sampling the output of the cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions.

Direct Current Motors.to provide the power for propulsion converts electric energy to mechanical energy (motion) to drive the electric vehicle.

BATTERIESThe batteries store energy from the solar array and make them available for the motor’s use. Batteries that are commonly used in solar cars are Lead-acid batteries, Li-ion batteries, Ni-MH batteries, Ni-Cd batteries, Flooded-cell batteries and Gel-cell batteries.

Lead Acid Ni-Cd Battery Li-Ion Battery NiMH battery

•4 * 12 Volt @ 12Ah•Series Connection•Lead acid deep cycle batteries• Rechargeable• Charging time 6-8 hours

Motor & Controller• Efficiency of brushless DC motors is 95-98%.• DC motors are cheaper than AC motors.• Controller is an electronic device that controls the

amount of power delivered to electric motor according to the signal from the potentiometer connected to throttle pedal.

PV specification : • Supplies the baseline power required to the vehicle, recharges the

batteries

Serieswe will get 4 PVs each one has the following specification :

Volt Watt

16 10

4 x 16 = 64 Volt 4 x 10 = 40 Watt

Vehicle Casing• A Metal roof was designed to carry the PV panels to be in

a fixed horizontal level in order to absorb sun rays during the whole day

Length

1,150mm

Width

1,100mm

Height

1,600mm

Chassis weight

61 kg

Battery Weight

19 kg

Loading Capacity

1driver

Estimated Range

2 km

Climbing Ability (with loading 150KG)

20 degree

Rating Output

1.0 kW

Battery

Lead Acid

Battery Specs

48V12Ah

Brake

Disk

Charging Time (0-100%)

Recovered by 7 hours (more)

Tire Size

3.25-6.25

General Specs

procedures1. we have charged the battery of the car till it become full , then

we have estimated the distance which the car can be used using those batteries.

2. we will make iron grid so we can put the PVs on it 3. we will fix it to the car using welding method 4. We will try to completely evacuate the batteries from electricity.5. we will leave the car in the sun so the batteries become full

through using the new charging source " the sun " 6. we will drive the car again so we can get the new distance

which the car can go with the solar panels 7. and then we will compare how the car will be affected through

using the solar energy instead of electric energy

Expected finishing date :

• we recommend to use high capacity motor next time as the motor become much more hot every short time and this forced us to wait more than one time to cool it

OR • we can make cooling system for the motor

Recommendations :

Maximum 3 weeks from this presentation day

One day,solar car will be irreplaceable