solarenergie-förderverein deutschland e.v. p.1 100% renewable energies for germany e. waffenschmidt...

Solarenergie-Förderverein Deutschland e.V.Solarenergie-Förderverein Deutschland e.V.

p.1

100%Renewable Energies for Germany

E. Waffenschmidt

Solarenergie-Förderverein Deutschland e.V.(Solar Energy Promoting Society of Germany)

Aachen, 19. August 2007


p.2

Sustainable use of energy

The largest challenge of our generation Conversion to 100% Renewable Energies

is the only solution


p.3

Is „100% Renewables“ possible?

Studies, e.g.: Enquete-Commission of the Deutsche

Bundestag (German parliament) 2002 LTI-Research Team, 1998 V. Quaschning, 2000 (100% Electricity) Our example for Germany

Yes!Yes!


p.4

How does „100% Renewables“

look like?

In Germany ? With existing technology ?


p.5

Overview

Today‘s consumption

Energy savings

Renewable Energies


Energy savings

Renewable Energies


p.6

Explanation of terms

From: „Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen e.V., „Energiebilanz der Bundesrepublik 2002“, http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten/inhalt1.php#

For electricity,heat, fuel

Primaryenergy Delivered

energyLosses

Non-energetic

4000 TWh 2400 TWh

60%60%

29%29%

11%11% Per head:

31000 kWh

1 TWh = 1 Billion kWh


p.7

„Consumption“ of Energy

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Today’s demand

Elektrical applications Light Machines Information

Traffic Cars Trucks Railway Airplanes Ships

Process heat Temperatures > 200°C Mainly in industry Example: Glas manufacturing,

metal melting, bakingHeat

House heating Warm water Low temperature processes,

e.g. drying

El.Applications

Savings

TrafficProcess-HeatHeat


p.8

Overview


Energy savings

Electricity

Efficient traffic

House isolation

Renewable Energies


p.9

Energy savings

-50% Treibstoffby 3-Liter/100km cars and

2/3 far distance goods traffic by train

-10% ElectricityBy efficient lighting and abandonment of Stand-By

-66% House heatingBy state of the art isolation of existing houses


p.10

Energy savingsImagine:

Light and Stand-By 3 l/100km cars and 2/3 far distance good traffic by train All houses heat isolated

Save 45% of the energy consumption

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Today’s demand

Future demand

Light + Stand By Traffic House isolation


p.11

Overview


Energy savings

Renewable Energies

Solar energy Wind power Hydro power Geothermal energy Bio mass


p.12

Solar energy

Critical parameters: Power of the sunlight Area

With photovoltaic per m² and year: approx. 100 kWh electrical energy


p.13

Area demand for solar energy

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

Area / km²

Buildings+related area TrafficSettled area

42000km²

Total energyDemand: 25700km²

Electr. energyDemand: 5000km²

Solar roof areaand facades

2100km²


p.14

Solar energyImagine:

Solar systems on every suitable roof and facade

Generate nearly halve of today’s electricity demand

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

El. energy Thermal

Savings


p.15

Wind powerToday 20000 wind turbines in Germany 1MW average peak power per turbine 20% average usage (also in inland areas) 33 TWh per year


p.16

Wind powerToday

Offshore110 TWh

Sum270 TWh

7 / 100km²x 1 MW:33 TWh

Tomorrow

7 / 100km²x 3 MW100 TWh

7 / 100km²x 3 MW60 TWh

20000 wind turbines in Germany 1MW average peak power

30000 wind turbines + offshore 3MW average peak power


p.17

Wind powerImagine:

Re-powering Extension in Southern Germany Offshore wind parks

Cover more than halve of today’s electricity demand

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

Savings


p.18

Hydro powerImagine:

Old hydro power plants are re-activated

This adds halve of today’s hydro power generation

Then hydro power has a fraction of 7% of the total electricity generation

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

Savings


p.19

Geothermal energy

Up to 7000 m More than 100°C District heating grids Electricity generation Limited: ~7000 Jahre

Deep down Near surface Less than 100 m Approx. 12°C Heat pumps, decentral Electricity demand Unlimited


p.20

Geothermal EnergyImagine:

District heating with deep geothermal energy Decentralised heat with heat pumps Satisfy the major demand for heating

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

Savings


p.21

Bio mass Forrest wood

Fire wood Waste wood

Waste material Garbage (but: Recycling is preferred!) Excrements (e.g. liquid manure, sludge) Bio waste (e.g. straw, garden waste)

Agricultures 20% of the agricultural area


p.22

Bio mass as fuel

Rape oil Approx. 1700l fuel per hectare and year ( 1.7 kWh/m²) Only approx. 10% of the fuel demand on 20% of the agricultural area High energy effort for production Sustainable land cultivation difficult

BTL Approx. 2000-4000l fuel per hectare and year ( 2…4 kWh/m²) Medium energy efficiency (10…40%), no combined-heat-and-power Centralized large scale plants -> high transport effort No sustainable land cultivation

Biogas Approx. 5500l fuel equivalent per hectare and year ( 5.5 kWh/m²) Acceptable energy efficiency (50%), combined-heat-and-power possible Decentralized plants -> low transport effort Sustainable land cultivation imaginable


p.23

Biomasse

Imagine: Forrest wood Waste material Agricultural products

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

Must be converted

Cover the future energy demand of the traffic


p.24

UsageConclusion:

More than 100% available as sum How to use the energies?

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

El. applicationsTrafficProcess heatHeatSavings

Solar electricSolar thermalWind powerHydro powerGeothermalBio massLosses


p.25

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Demand

Energy sources

Electr. applications

Traffic

Savings

Energy supply

Solar electricSolar thermalWind powerHydro powerGeothermal Bio mass

Usage

El. applicationsTrafficProcess heatHeat

ElectricityFuelWaste heat

Process heat

Heat


p.26

100%Renewable Energies

100%Renewable Energiesarepossible!arepossible!

Infos at: www.sfv.de or www.waffenschmidt.homepage.t-online.de

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Energy / TWh

Future demand

Future generation

El. applicationsTrafficProcess heatHeatSavings

Solar electricSolar thermalWind powerHydro powerGeothermalBio massLosses


p.27

Appendix


p.28

What has to be done?

Possibilities of single persons are limited

Relying on comprehension is naive

General conditions must change:

Laws, directives Cost distribution

Guide and requirements by organisations

Associations Trusts

Since I switch off the engine at the traffic light, it consumes

only 13.5 Litres per 100 km

Climate saving is so easy!


p.29

Why Renewable Energies?

Limit the climate change Save limited resources Reduce import dependence Avoid conflict potential Cheaper in the long run Un-dangerous and non-toxic

The more, the better


p.30

How long will it take?

Consideration Wind and Sun

Assumption Extension of growth rates

of last 10 years Limitation:

- Roof areas- Wind turbine density- Production slightly higher

than necessary for replacement

Conclusions 50% electricity in 10 years 100% in 20 years Still 10 years growth of

solar production

Development of renewable energies

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Time t / Years

En

erg

y p

er

yea

r/ T

Wh

DemandSumGenerated windFuture windInstalled windFuture installed windGenerated solarFuture solarInstalled solarFuture installed solar


p.31

How long will it take?

Consideration Wind and Sun

Assumption Extension of growth rates

of last 10 years Limitation:

- Roof areas- Wind turbine density- Production slightly higher

than necessary for replacement

Conclusions 50% electricity in 10 years 100% in 20 years Still 10 years growth of

solar production

Development of renewable energies

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035Time t / Years

Ene

rgy

per

year

/ T

Wh

DemandSolarWind


p.32

Energy storage

Relevant for electricity European grid reduces storage size Demand shift in time Needed storage (without grid and shift)*:

3% of the yearly generated energy as storage size 16% of installed power as momentary storage power 18 % of the yearly generated energy is intermediately stored

* Acc. to: Volker Quaschning, „Systemtechnik einer klimaverträglichen Elektrizitätsversorgung [...]“, VDI Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-18-343706-6, http://www.quaschning.de/volker/publis/klima2000/index.html


p.33

Energy storageImagine:

The European electricity grid is extended Additional large storage power plant emerge Private investors invest

in decentralized storages


p.34

Energy flowsIn TWh321 271

33

705 400

279

271

33

25 306

316

608-61 181

120

100

294

299

162

8.4 34

19

20

43

150

214

250

193

0

935

0

15

-294-338

-210 -537

680

39


p.35

Energy consumption in Germany Primary energy consumption in 2002

in Germany: 4000 TWh

Households, elektric3,4%

Manufact. etc., elektric

3,5%

Traffic18,1%

Industry, elektric5,2%

Households15,3%

Manufacturing etc.7,2%

Industry10,9%

Losses for electricity24,7%

Traffic, elektric0,4%

Further lossesand non-energetic

11,3%

Electricity

37%

From: „Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen e.V., „Energiebilanz der Bundesrepublik 2002“, http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten/inhalt1.php#


p.36

Ways to 100% Renewables

Renewable Energies

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