Solid Waste RecyclingSolid Waste Recycling

Eng. Hala NobaniEng. Hala Nobani

Greater Amman MunicipalityGreater Amman Municipality

DefinitionDefinition

Recycling is defined as the Recycling is defined as the collecting, manufacturing and collecting, manufacturing and selling/buying of new products selling/buying of new products made from what once was made from what once was thought of as wastethought of as waste

The recycling symbol of chasing The recycling symbol of chasing arrows on the cover represents the arrows on the cover represents the three components necessary to three components necessary to make a difference through recyclingmake a difference through recycling

CollectionCollection Manufacture, and Manufacture, and PurchasePurchase

There is a much wider scope for recycling in There is a much wider scope for recycling in developing countries due to several factors:developing countries due to several factors:

Labor costs are lower.Labor costs are lower. In many countries there is an existing culture of In many countries there is an existing culture of

reuse and recycling, with the associated reuse and recycling, with the associated system of collection, sorting, cleaning and system of collection, sorting, cleaning and reuse of ‘waste’ or used materials.reuse of ‘waste’ or used materials.

There is often an ‘informal sector’ which is There is often an ‘informal sector’ which is ideally suited to taking on small-scale recycling ideally suited to taking on small-scale recycling activities. Such opportunities to earn a small activities. Such opportunities to earn a small income are rarely missed by members of the income are rarely missed by members of the urban poor.urban poor.

There are fewer laws to control the standards There are fewer laws to control the standards of recycled materials. (This is not to say that of recycled materials. (This is not to say that standards can be low – the consumer will standards can be low – the consumer will always demand a certain level of quality).always demand a certain level of quality).

Transportation costs are often lower, with hand Transportation costs are often lower, with hand or box carts often being used.or box carts often being used.

Innovative use of scrap machinery often leads Innovative use of scrap machinery often leads to low entry costs for processing or to low entry costs for processing or manufacture.manufacture.

Where are we?Where are we?

Our GoalsOur Goals Contribute to improving the Contribute to improving the

environmental situation of the city of environmental situation of the city of AmmanAmman. .

Raise the environmental awareness Raise the environmental awareness among the citizensamong the citizens

Reduce the amount of waste received in Reduce the amount of waste received in Ghabawi Landfill and prolong the life of Ghabawi Landfill and prolong the life of the cellsthe cells..

Increase revenues by providing a new Increase revenues by providing a new source of income. source of income.

Reduce emissions from the landfill.Reduce emissions from the landfill.

Pilot Projects by NGOsPilot Projects by NGOs

Since 1995 GAM is supporting Jordan Since 1995 GAM is supporting Jordan Environment Society (JES) in Environment Society (JES) in implementing the pilot recycling implementing the pilot recycling project, by sending specialized project, by sending specialized employees to help in the survey and employees to help in the survey and the awareness campaign and also in the awareness campaign and also in deputizing workers and vehicles to deputizing workers and vehicles to help in collecting and separating the help in collecting and separating the recyclablesrecyclables

Supporting private sectorSupporting private sector

In 2005 The Mayor had signed an In 2005 The Mayor had signed an agreement with Al Tadweer Company. agreement with Al Tadweer Company. Under this agreement GAM allocated Under this agreement GAM allocated 35 dunoms near Al Ghabawi landfill to 35 dunoms near Al Ghabawi landfill to build a dirty MRF (Material Recovery build a dirty MRF (Material Recovery Facility) with a capacity of 600 ton Facility) with a capacity of 600 ton daily. daily.

Executive Privatization Executive Privatization CommissionCommission

In early 2007 GAM requested the In early 2007 GAM requested the Executive Privatization Commission to Executive Privatization Commission to assess the potential for managing and assess the potential for managing and recycling Municipal Solid Waste in the recycling Municipal Solid Waste in the Municipality through a (PPP) Municipality through a (PPP) arrangement. A pre-feasibility review arrangement. A pre-feasibility review was conducted. This concluded that a was conducted. This concluded that a phased approach to MSW management phased approach to MSW management and recycling under a PPP contract and recycling under a PPP contract would be feasible and favorable option would be feasible and favorable option for introducing private sector for introducing private sector participation to the project.participation to the project.

Various collection options have been Various collection options have been elaborated and assessed and based on elaborated and assessed and based on technical and financial reasoning, a clean technical and financial reasoning, a clean Material Recycling Facility (MRF) with Material Recycling Facility (MRF) with separation at source of dry recyclables separation at source of dry recyclables using household separation, and bring / using household separation, and bring / community banks, has been selected as a community banks, has been selected as a key revenue generating element of the key revenue generating element of the project. It has been decided that this will be project. It has been decided that this will be implemented in combination with implemented in combination with collection, transport/ transfer and disposal collection, transport/ transfer and disposal of the residual wet waste (Household and of the residual wet waste (Household and Commercial sources remaining after Commercial sources remaining after recycling). Residential and Commercial recycling). Residential and Commercial customers will be served.customers will be served.

Drop-off recycling centers Drop-off recycling centers (Bring community banks(Bring community banks

are set up so that individuals can deliver are set up so that individuals can deliver their recyclables to a designated their recyclables to a designated collection site. Containers need to be collection site. Containers need to be well labeled and in a convenient well labeled and in a convenient location. Grocery stores or schools are location. Grocery stores or schools are often willing to participate by providing often willing to participate by providing a convenient drop-off area in their a convenient drop-off area in their parking lots.parking lots.

Regularly scheduled pickup and Regularly scheduled pickup and cleaning will be needed.cleaning will be needed.

Our plan is to start using schools, Our plan is to start using schools, Parks, Technology centers, as drop-off Parks, Technology centers, as drop-off recycling centers.recycling centers.

Typical recycling rates in 2003 for Typical recycling rates in 2003 for the EU member states are typically the EU member states are typically 35 to 40% by weight for MSW 35 to 40% by weight for MSW stream and being gradually stream and being gradually increased through the use of increased through the use of economic and legislative economic and legislative instruments. (www. Defra.gov.uk)instruments. (www. Defra.gov.uk)

How Can Participation Be How Can Participation Be EncouragedEncouraged??

Instilling new habits takes time. The Instilling new habits takes time. The success of a recycling program will success of a recycling program will depend on early community depend on early community involvement, followed by continuing involvement, followed by continuing educational efforts.educational efforts.

One of the best ways to ensure strong One of the best ways to ensure strong participation in the program is to participation in the program is to introduce recycling to schools first. introduce recycling to schools first. When children learn about recycling at When children learn about recycling at school, they serve as recycling school, they serve as recycling ambassadors, sharing what they have ambassadors, sharing what they have learned with their families and others in learned with their families and others in the community.the community.

For the coming two years we will conduct a pilot For the coming two years we will conduct a pilot project called (Implementation to Spread project called (Implementation to Spread Awareness) ISAAwareness) ISA

The ISA project will use the schools as drop-off The ISA project will use the schools as drop-off recycling centers and with cooperation with The recycling centers and with cooperation with The Executive Commission for Child Friendly City we Executive Commission for Child Friendly City we will give lectures to the Liaison officers in the will give lectures to the Liaison officers in the schools and these officers well be spreading the schools and these officers well be spreading the idea in there turn among their colleagues in the idea in there turn among their colleagues in the first stage. In the second stage with the aid of first stage. In the second stage with the aid of these officers we will be spreading the idea for these officers we will be spreading the idea for adjacent neighborhoods. And in the third stage we adjacent neighborhoods. And in the third stage we will seek the commercial sites participation will seek the commercial sites participation through conducting a wide spread awareness through conducting a wide spread awareness campaign using the media and special campaign using the media and special publications.publications.

We will support participating schools We will support participating schools in the project by providing free in the project by providing free services to them depending on the services to them depending on the needs of each school needs of each school

Entertainment activities well be held Entertainment activities well be held as rewards for students and the as rewards for students and the distinguished participants in the distinguished participants in the projectproject..

DistrictDistrictNumber of Number of participating participating

schoolsschools

Number of Number of studentsstudents

YarmoukYarmouk30301111211112

Ras Al EinRas Al Ein101027332733

QuesmehQuesmeh252578487848

Al NaserAl Naser191973237323

TotalTotal84842901629016

We have chosen the Al Sha’er Transfer We have chosen the Al Sha’er Transfer station in order to build the semi station in order to build the semi automated Clean MRF (material recovery automated Clean MRF (material recovery facility). This TS is build on the high way at facility). This TS is build on the high way at which a small EIA study had been made which a small EIA study had been made and approved the site.and approved the site.

Semi automated MRF can contain the Semi automated MRF can contain the following:-following:-

Conveyor beltConveyor belt ElectromagneticElectromagnetic Baling press Baling press screening machine (optional)screening machine (optional) A glass crusher (optional)A glass crusher (optional)

Sorting PlantSorting Plant

Al Sha’er TS

Final DestinationFinal Destination World market prices for recyclables World market prices for recyclables

are relevant to any project. A are relevant to any project. A strong demand exists in Jordan for strong demand exists in Jordan for clean and sorted recyclables. clean and sorted recyclables. Prices have increases steeply in Prices have increases steeply in the last decade driven by insatiable the last decade driven by insatiable demand from China and India. It is demand from China and India. It is expected that market prices will expected that market prices will increase further which translate increase further which translate directly into higher project income.directly into higher project income.

Thank YouThank You